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Kojić V, Bohač M, Bafti A, Pavić L, Salamon K, Čižmar T, Gracin D, Juraić K, Leskovac M, Capan I, Gajović A. Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskite Films with Polyvinylpyrrolidone Additive for Active Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells, Enhanced Stability and Electrical Conductivity. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164594. [PMID: 34443115 PMCID: PMC8401150 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we studied the influence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a stabilization additive on optical and electrical properties of perovskite formamidinium lead iodide (FAPI) polycrystalline thin films on ZnO nanorods (ZNR). FAPI (as an active layer) was deposited from a single solution on ZNR (low temperature processed electron transport layer) using a one-step method with the inclusion of an anti-solvent. The role of PVP in the formation of the active layer was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements to observe the effect on morphology, while X-ray diffraction was used as a method to study the stability of the film in an ambient environment. The effect of the PVP additive on the optical and electrical properties of the perovskite thin films was studied via photoluminescence, UV-Vis measurements, and electrical impedance spectroscopy. We have demonstrated that PVP inclusion in solution-processed perovskite FAPI thin films prevents the degradation of the film in an ambient atmosphere after aging for 2 months. The inclusion of the PVP also improves the infiltration of FAPI perovskite into ZnO nanostructures, increases electrical conductivity and radiative recombination of the photo-generated charge carriers. These results show promising information for promoting PVP stabilized FAPI perovskites for the new generation of photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedran Kojić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.K.); (M.B.); (L.P.); (K.S.); (T.Č.); (D.G.); (K.J.); (I.C.)
| | - Mario Bohač
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.K.); (M.B.); (L.P.); (K.S.); (T.Č.); (D.G.); (K.J.); (I.C.)
| | - Arijeta Bafti
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Luka Pavić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.K.); (M.B.); (L.P.); (K.S.); (T.Č.); (D.G.); (K.J.); (I.C.)
| | - Krešimir Salamon
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.K.); (M.B.); (L.P.); (K.S.); (T.Č.); (D.G.); (K.J.); (I.C.)
| | - Tihana Čižmar
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.K.); (M.B.); (L.P.); (K.S.); (T.Č.); (D.G.); (K.J.); (I.C.)
| | - Davor Gracin
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.K.); (M.B.); (L.P.); (K.S.); (T.Č.); (D.G.); (K.J.); (I.C.)
| | - Krunoslav Juraić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.K.); (M.B.); (L.P.); (K.S.); (T.Č.); (D.G.); (K.J.); (I.C.)
| | - Mirela Leskovac
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Ivana Capan
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.K.); (M.B.); (L.P.); (K.S.); (T.Č.); (D.G.); (K.J.); (I.C.)
| | - Andreja Gajović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.K.); (M.B.); (L.P.); (K.S.); (T.Č.); (D.G.); (K.J.); (I.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Sarkar S, Sarkar R. Synthesis, characterization and tribological study of zinc oxide nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Nalwa HS. A review of molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2) based photodetectors: from ultra-broadband, self-powered to flexible devices. RSC Adv 2020; 10:30529-30602. [PMID: 35516069 PMCID: PMC9056353 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03183f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) have attracted much attention in the field of optoelectronics due to their tunable bandgaps, strong interaction with light and tremendous capability for developing diverse van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) with other materials. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) atomic layers which exhibit high carrier mobility and optical transparency are very suitable for developing ultra-broadband photodetectors to be used from surveillance and healthcare to optical communication. This review provides a brief introduction to TMD-based photodetectors, exclusively focused on MoS2-based photodetectors. The current research advances show that the photoresponse of atomic layered MoS2 can be significantly improved by boosting its charge carrier mobility and incident light absorption via forming MoS2 based plasmonic nanostructures, halide perovskites-MoS2 heterostructures, 2D-0D MoS2/quantum dots (QDs) and 2D-2D MoS2 hybrid vdWHs, chemical doping, and surface functionalization of MoS2 atomic layers. By utilizing these different integration strategies, MoS2 hybrid heterostructure-based photodetectors exhibited remarkably high photoresponsivity raging from mA W-1 up to 1010 A W-1, detectivity from 107 to 1015 Jones and a photoresponse time from seconds (s) to nanoseconds (10-9 s), varying by several orders of magnitude from deep-ultraviolet (DUV) to the long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) region. The flexible photodetectors developed from MoS2-based hybrid heterostructures with graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), TMDs, and ZnO are also discussed. In addition, strain-induced and self-powered MoS2 based photodetectors have also been summarized. The factors affecting the figure of merit of a very wide range of MoS2-based photodetectors have been analyzed in terms of their photoresponsivity, detectivity, response speed, and quantum efficiency along with their measurement wavelengths and incident laser power densities. Conclusions and the future direction are also outlined on the development of MoS2 and other 2D TMD-based photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Singh Nalwa
- Advanced Technology Research 26650 The Old Road Valencia California 91381 USA
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Chang YT, Wang YC, Lai SN, Su CW, Leu CM, Wu JM. Performance of hydrogen evolution reaction of R3C ferroelectric ZnSnO 3 nanowires. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:455401. [PMID: 31349236 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab35f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of LiNbO3-type R3C ZnSnO3 is still a challenging task under an extremely high-pressure condition. In this work, we have not only successfully synthesized R3C ZnSnO3 nanowires (NWs) through a hydrothermal process, but ZnSnO3 NWs with a high concentration of oxygen vacancies (referred to as [Formula: see text] NWs), exhibiting a highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction compared to unannealed ZnSnO3 and ZnO NWs. The x-ray diffraction pattern and Raman spectra both confirm that the as-synthesized ZnSnO3 NWs mainly belong to the R3C space group with a second phase of ZnSn(OH)6. The conversion efficiency of the solar-to-hydrogen [Formula: see text] NWs and the unannealed ZnSnO3 NWs is 4.8% and 1.5%, respectively. The enhancement factor of the [Formula: see text] NWs is up to 320%. The photocurrent of the ZnSnO3 NWs and the [Formula: see text] NW photoelectrodes is even 5.39 and 16.23 times higher than that of the ZnO NWs, demonstrating that the high concentration of oxygen vacancies is regarded as a useful approach to enhance the photoelectrochemical response. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to reveal the performance of hydrogen evolution reaction by LiNbO3-type R3C ZnSnO3 NWs, which could offer a promising way of energy harvesting when using ferroelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ting Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Panžić I, Juraić K, Krstulović N, Šantić A, Belić D, Blažeka D, Plodinec M, Mandić V, Macan J, Hammud A, Ivanov D, Plaisier J, Willinger MG, Gracin D, Gajović A. ZnO@TiO 2 Core Shell Nanorod Arrays with Tailored Structural, Electrical, and Optical Properties for Photovoltaic Application. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213965. [PMID: 31683868 PMCID: PMC6864808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
ZnO has prominent electron transport and optical properties, beneficial for photovoltaic application, but its surface is prone to the formation of defects. To overcome this problem, we deposited nanostructured TiO2 thin film on ZnO nanorods to form a stable shell. ZnO nanorods synthesized by wet-chemistry are single crystals. Three different procedures for deposition of TiO2 were applied. The influence of preparation methods and parameters on the structure, morphology, electrical and optical properties were studied. Nanostructured TiO2 shells show different morphologies dependent on deposition methods: (1) separated nanoparticles (by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in Ar), (2) a layer with nonhomogeneous thickness (by PLD in vacuum or DC reactive magnetron sputtering), and (3) a homogenous thin layer along the nanorods (by chemical deposition). Based on the structural study, we chose the preparation parameters to obtain an anatase structure of the TiO2 shell. Impedance spectroscopy shows pure electron conductivity that was considerably better in all the ZnO@TiO2 than in bare ZnO nanorods or TiO2 layers. The best conductivity among the studied samples and the lowest activation energy was observed for the sample with a chemically deposited TiO2 shell. Higher transparency in the visible part of spectrum was achieved for the sample with a homogenous TiO2 layer along the nanorods, then in the samples with a layer of varying thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Panžić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Krunoslav Juraić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Nikša Krstulović
- Institute of Physics, Bijenička cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ana Šantić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Domagoj Belić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Damjan Blažeka
- Institute of Physics, Bijenička cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Milivoj Plodinec
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Vilko Mandić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jelena Macan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Adnan Hammud
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Danail Ivanov
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jasper Plaisier
- Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34012 Basovizza (TS), Italy.
| | - Marc Gregor Willinger
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
- ETH Zürich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Davor Gracin
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Andreja Gajović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Fernández-Pérez A, Rodríguez-Casado V, Valdés-Solís T, Marbán G. Room temperature sintering of polar ZnO nanosheets: II-mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018. [PMID: 28631791 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02307c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In a previous work by the authors (A. Fernández-Pérez el al., Room temperature sintering of polar ZnO nanosheets: I-evidence, 2017, DOI: 10.1039/C7CP02306E), polar ZnO nanosheets were stored at room temperature under different atmospheres and the evolution of their textural and crystal properties during storage was followed. It was found that the specific surface area of the nanosheets drastically decreased during storage, with a loss of up to 75%. The ZnO crystals increased in size mainly through the partial merging of their polar surfaces at the expense of narrow mesoporosity, in a process triggered by the action of moisture, oxygen and, in their absence, by light. In the present work, a set of spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, Raman and XPS) has been used in an attempt to unravel the mechanism behind this spontaneous sintering process. The mechanism starts with the molecular adsorption of water, which takes place on Zn atoms close to oxygen vacancies on the (100) surface, where H2O dissociates to form two hydroxyl groups and to heal one oxygen vacancy. This process triggers the room temperature migration of Zn interstitials towards the outer surface of the polar region. What were previously interstitial Zn atoms now gradually occupy the mesopores, with interstitial oxygen being used to build up the O sublattice until total occupancy of the narrow mesoporosity is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Fernández-Pérez
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón (INCAR-CSIC), c/Francisco Pintado Fe 26, 33011-Oviedo, Spain.
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Xie C, Yan F. Flexible Photodetectors Based on Novel Functional Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1701822. [PMID: 28922544 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Flexible photodetectors have attracted a great deal of research interest in recent years due to their great possibilities for application in a variety of emerging areas such as flexible, stretchable, implantable, portable, wearable and printed electronics and optoelectronics. Novel functional materials, including materials with zero-dimensional (0D) and one-dimensional (1D) inorganic nanostructures, two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, organic semiconductors and perovskite materials, exhibit appealing electrical and optoelectrical properties, as well as outstanding mechanical flexibility, and have been widely studied as building blocks in cost-effective flexible photodetection. Here, we comprehensively review the outstanding performance of flexible photodetectors made from these novel functional materials reported in recent years. The photoresponse characteristics and flexibility of the devices will be discussed systematically. Summaries and challenges are provided to guide future directions of this vital research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xie
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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8
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High Stable, Transparent and Conductive ZnO/Ag/ZnO Nanofilm Electrodes on Rigid/Flexible Substrates. ENERGIES 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/en9060443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Lou Z, Shen G. Flexible Photodetectors Based on 1D Inorganic Nanostructures. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2016; 3:1500287. [PMID: 27774404 PMCID: PMC5064608 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Flexible photodetectors with excellent flexibility, high mechanical stability and good detectivity, have attracted great research interest in recent years. 1D inorganic nanostructures provide a number of opportunities and capabilities for use in flexible photodetectors as they have unique geometry, good transparency, outstanding mechanical flexibility, and excellent electronic/optoelectronic properties. This article offers a comprehensive review of several types of flexible photodetectors based on 1D nanostructures from the past ten years, including flexible ultraviolet, visible, and infrared photodetectors. High-performance organic-inorganic hybrid photodetectors, as well as devices with 1D nanowire (NW) arrays, are also reviewed. Finally, new concepts of flexible photodetectors including piezophototronic, stretchable and self-powered photodetectors are examined to showcase the future research in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Lou
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 P.R. China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 P.R. China
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10
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Baird N, Losovyj Y, Yuzik-Klimova EY, Kuchkina NV, Shifrina ZB, Pink M, Stein BD, Morgan DG, Wang T, Rubin MA, Sidorov AI, Sulman EM, Bronstein LM. Zinc-Containing Magnetic Oxides Stabilized by a Polymer: One Phase or Two? ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:891-9. [PMID: 26673012 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Here we developed a new family of Zn-containing magnetic oxides of different structures by thermal decomposition of Zn(acac)2 in the reaction solution of preformed magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized by polyphenylquinoxaline. Upon an increase of the Zn(acac)2 loading from 0.15 to 0.40 mmol (vs 1 mmol of Fe(acac)3), the Zn content increases, and the Zn-containing magnetic oxide NPs preserve a spinel structure of magnetite and an initial, predominantly multicore NP morphology. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of these samples revealed that the surface of iron oxide NPs is enriched with Zn, although Zn species were also found deep under the iron oxide NP surface. For all the samples, XPS also demonstrates the atom ratio of Fe(3+)/Fe(2+) = 2:1, perfectly matching Fe3O4, but not ZnFe2O4, where Fe(2+) ions are replaced with Zn(2+). The combination of XPS with other physicochemical methods allowed us to propose that ZnO forms an ultrathin amorphous layer on the surface of iron oxide NPs and also diffuses inside the magnetite crystals. At higher Zn(acac)2 loading, cubic ZnO nanocrystals coexist with magnetite NPs, indicating a homogeneous nucleation of the former. The catalytic testing in syngas conversion to methanol demonstrated outstanding catalytic properties of Zn-containing magnetic oxides, whose activities are dependent on the Zn loading. Repeat experiments carried out with the best catalyst after magnetic separation showed remarkable catalyst stability even after five consecutive catalytic runs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ekaterina Yu Yuzik-Klimova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences , 28 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nina V Kuchkina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences , 28 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Zinaida B Shifrina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences , 28 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Mikhail A Rubin
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Tver State Technical University , 22 A Nikitina Street, 170026 Tver, Russia
| | - Alexander I Sidorov
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Tver State Technical University , 22 A Nikitina Street, 170026 Tver, Russia
| | - Esther M Sulman
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Tver State Technical University , 22 A Nikitina Street, 170026 Tver, Russia
| | - Lyudmila M Bronstein
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences , 28 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Zeng Y, Pan X, Lu B, Ye Z. Fabrication of flexible self-powered UV detectors based on ZnO nanowires and the enhancement by the decoration of Ag nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02922a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The flexible self-powered UV detector based on ZnO NWs shows good performance both in flat and bending conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
| | - Xinhua Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
| | - Bin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
| | - Zhizhen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
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12
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Morselli D, Scarpellini A, Athanassiou A, Fragouli D. Single step in situ formation of porous zinc oxide/PMMA nanocomposites by pulsed laser irradiation: kinetic aspects and mechanisms. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23125f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous localizedin situformation of ZnO nanoparticles and porous structure in PMMA matrix by laser induced process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Morselli
- Smart Materials
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 16163 Genova
- Italy
| | - Alice Scarpellini
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory
- Nanochemistry
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 16163 Genova
- Italy
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Wu JM, Tsay LY. ZnO quantum dots-decorated ZnO nanowires for the enhancement of antibacterial and photocatalytic performances. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:395704. [PMID: 26357994 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/39/395704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate highly antibacterial activities for killing off Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using ZnO nanowires decorated with ZnO quantum dots (so-called ZnO QDs/NWs) under visible-light irradiation and dark conditions. The average size of the ZnO QDs is in the range of 3-5 nm; these were uniformly dispersed on the ZnO nanowires' surface to form the ZnO QDs/NWs. A significant blue-shift effect was observed using photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The size of the ZnO QDs is strongly dependent on the material's synthesis time. The ZnO QDs/NWs exhibited an excellent photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation. The ZnO QDs' active sites (i.e. the O-H bond and Zn(2+)) accelerate the photogenerated-carrier migration from the QDs to the NWs. As a consequence, the electrons reacted with the dissolved oxygen to form oxygen ions and produced hydroperoxyl radicals to enhance photocatalytic activity. The antibacterial activities (as indicated by R-factor-inhibiting activity) of the ZnO QDs/NWs for killing off Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli is around 4.9 and 5.5 under visible-light irradiation and dark conditions, respectively. The hydroxyl radicals served as an efficient oxidized agent for decomposing the organic dye and microorganism species. The antibacterial activities of the ZnO QDs/NWs in the dark may be attributed to the Zn(2+) ions that were released from the ZnO QDs and infused into the microbial solution against the growth of bacteria thus disrupting the microorganism. The highly antibacterial and photocatalytic activity of the ZnO QDs/NWs can be well implanted on a screen window, thus offering a promising solution to inhibit the spread of germs under visible-light and dark conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh Ming Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, section 2 Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Zhou HT, Li L, Chen HY, Guo Z, Jiao SJ, Sun WJ. Realization of a fast-response flexible ultraviolet photodetector employing a metal–semiconductor–metal structure InGaZnO photodiode. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17475a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A flexible UV photodetector (PD) has been fabricated based on the amorphous InGaZnO film. It shows good photoresponse characteristics before and after bending, and fast response speed compared with the most reported flexible UV PDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. T. Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- Harbin Normal University
- Harbin 150025
| | - L. Li
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- Harbin Normal University
- Harbin 150025
| | - H. Y. Chen
- Department of Materials Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- PR China
| | - Z. Guo
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou New District 215163
- PR China
| | - S. J. Jiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- PR China
| | - W. J. Sun
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- Harbin Normal University
- Harbin 150025
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Wu JM, Chen YN. The surface plasmon resonance effect on the enhancement of photodegradation activity by Au/ZnSn(OH)6 nanocubes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:16294-303. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02393a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This is the first report on the photocatalytic activity with a combination of the surface plasmon resonance effect through Au/ZnSn(OH)6 nanocubes. The nanocubes have been used for preparing hybrid coating screens, which exhibited excellent mechanical desirable durability and extended their feasible application in our daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh Ming Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 300
- Taiwan
| | - Yu Nong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 300
- Taiwan
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16
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Hsu CL, Chang SJ. Doped ZnO 1D nanostructures: synthesis, properties, and photodetector application. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4562-85. [PMID: 25319960 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, the doping of ZnO one-dimensional nanostructures has attracted a great deal of attention due to the variety of possible morphologies, large surface-to-volume ratios, simple and low cost processing, and excellent physical properties for fabricating high-performance electronic, magnetic, and optoelectronic devices. This article mainly concentrates on recent advances regarding the doping of ZnO one-dimensional nanostructures, including a brief overview of the vapor phase transport method and hydrothermal method, as well as the fabrication process for photodetectors. The dopant elements include B, Al, Ga, In, N, P, As, Sb, Ag, Cu, Ti, Na, K, Li, La, C, F, Cl, H, Mg, Mn, S, and Sn. The various dopants which act as acceptors or donors to realize either p-type or n-type are discussed. Doping to alter optical properties is also considered. Lastly, the perspectives and future research outlook of doped ZnO nanostructures are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Liang Hsu
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, National University of Tainan, Tainan, 700, Taiwan
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17
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Wu JM, Chang WE. Ultrahigh responsivity and external quantum efficiency of an ultraviolet-light photodetector based on a single VO₂ microwire. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:14286-14292. [PMID: 25027392 DOI: 10.1021/am503598g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated a single microwire photodetector first made using a VO2 microwire that exhibted high responsivity (Rλ) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) under varying light intensities. The VO2 nanowires/microwires were grown and attached on the surface of the SiO2/Si(100) substrate. The SiO2 layer can produce extremely low densities of long VO2 microwires. An individual VO2 microwire was bonded onto the ends using silver paste to fabricate a photodetector. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy image indicates that the nanowires grew along the [100] axis as a single crystal. The critical parameters, such as Rλ, EQE, and detectivity, are extremely high, 7069 A W(-1), 2.4 × 10(10)%, and 1.5 × 10(14) Jones, respectively, under a bias of 4 V and an illumination intensity of 1 μW cm(-2). The asymmetry in the I-V curves results from the unequal barrier heights at the two contacts. The photodetector has a linear I-V curve with a low dark current while a nonlinear curves was observed under varing light intensities. The highly efficient hole-trapping effect contributed to the high responsivity and external quantum efficiency in the metal-oxide nanomaterial photodetector. The responsivity of VO2 photodetector is 6 and 4 orders higher than that of graphene (or MoS2) and GaS, respectively. The findings demonstrate that VO2 nanowire/microwire is highly suitable for realizing a high-performance photodetector on a SiO2/Si substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh Ming Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , 101, Section 2 Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Xu Q, Cheng Q, Zhong J, Cai W, Zhang Z, Wu Z, Zhang F. A metal-semiconductor-metal detector based on ZnO nanowires grown on a graphene layer. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:055501. [PMID: 24407201 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/5/055501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
High quality ZnO nanowires (NWs) were grown on a graphene layer by a hydrothermal method. The ZnO NWs revealed higher uniform surface morphology and better structural properties than ZnO NWs grown on SiO2/Si substrate. A low dark current metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector based on ZnO NWs with Au Schottky contact has also been fabricated. The photodetector displays a low dark current of 1.53 nA at 1 V bias and a large UV-to-visible rejection ratio (up to four orders), which are significantly improved compared to conventional ZnO NW photodetectors. The improvement in UV detection performance is attributed to the existence of a surface plasmon at the interface of the ZnO and the graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
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19
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Wu JM, Chen YR, Kao WT. Ultrafine ZnO nanoparticles/nanowires synthesized on a flexible and transparent substrate: formation, water molecules, and surface defect effects. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:487-494. [PMID: 24283941 DOI: 10.1021/am404532q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafine ZnO nanoparticles/nanowires were successfully synthesized on a flexible and transparent substrate by an ultraviolet-light decomposition process. We demonstrate that water molecules can affect the morphology of ZnO nanostructures. An ultraviolet lamp (λ ~ 380 nm, 75 mW cm(-2)) can be used to irradiate Zn(AcAc)2 and Zn(AcAc)2·H2O precursors, which rapidly synthesize ZnO nanoparticles and nanowires, respectively. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images and a selected-area electron diffraction pattern revealed that the single-crystal nanoparticles were comprised of wurtzite structure ZnO. The nanowires consisted of ultrafine nanoparticles. On the basis of the Debye-Scherrer formula, the particle size of ZnO was calculated as ~6-9 nm. The more water molecules the precursor had, the more OH(-) and Zn[(OH)4](2-) it put out. Moreover, due to the Zn[(OH)4](2-) and Zn(OH)2 species formed on the surface of the ZnO nanocrystals, they facilitated the one-dimensional nanowires during the crystal growth process. On the basis of our investigations, oxygen vacancies, hydroxyl, and zinc hydroxide all acted as key components in the formation processes that determined photoresponsive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh Ming Wu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , 101, Section 2 Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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20
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Kuo CH, Wu JM, Lin SJ, Chang WC. High sensitivity of middle-wavelength infrared photodetectors based on an individual InSb nanowire. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:327. [PMID: 23866944 PMCID: PMC3735493 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystal indium antimony (InSb) nanowire was fabricated into middle-infrared photodetectors based on a metal-semiconductor-metal (M-S-M) structure. The InSb nanowires were synthesized using an electrochemical method at room temperature. The characteristics of the FET reveal an electron concentration of 3.6 × 1017 cm-3 and an electron mobility of 215.25 cm2 V-1 s-1. The photodetectors exhibit good photoconductive performance, excellent stability, reproducibility, superior responsivity (8.4 × 104 A W-1), and quantum efficiency (1.96 × 106%). These superior properties are attributed to the high surface-to-volume ratio and single-crystal 1D nanostructure of photodetectors that significantly reduce the scattering, trapping, and the transit time between the electrodes during the transport process. Furthermore, the M-S-M structure can effectively enhance space charge effect by the formation of the Schottky contacts, which significantly assists with the electron injection and photocurrent gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsiang Kuo
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Wu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Su-Jien Lin
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chih Chang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Yu G, Liang B, Huang H, Chen G, Liu Z, Chen D, Shen G. Contact printing of horizontally-aligned p-type Zn₃P₂ nanowire arrays for rigid and flexible photodetectors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:095703. [PMID: 23396096 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/9/095703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Zn(3)P(2) is an important p-type semiconductor with the ability to detect almost all visible and ultraviolet light. By using the simple and efficient contact printing process, we reported the assembly of horizontally-aligned p-type Zn(3)P(2) nanowire arrays to be used as building blocks for high performance photodetectors. Horizontally-aligned Zn(3)P(2) nanowire arrays were first printed on silicon substrate to make thin-film transistors, exhibiting typical p-type transistor behavior with a high on/off ratio of 10(3). Besides, the Zn(3)P(2) nanowire array based devices showed a substantial response to illuminated lights with a wide range of wavelengths and densities. Flexible photodetectors were also fabricated by contact printing of horizontally-aligned Zn(3)P(2) nanowire arrays on flexible PET substrate, showing a comparable performance to the device on rigid silicon substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yu
- Michael Grätzel Centre for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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22
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Fang Y, Wong KM, Lei Y. Synthesis and field emission properties of different ZnO nanostructure arrays. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2012; 7:197. [PMID: 22444723 PMCID: PMC3337273 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this article, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures of different shapes were fabricated on silicon substrate. Well-aligned and long ZnO nanowire (NW) arrays, as well as leaf-like ZnO nanostructures (which consist of modulated and single-phase structures), were fabricated by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method without the assistance of a catalyst. On the other hand, needle-like ZnO NW arrays were first fabricated with the CVD process followed by chemical etching of the NW arrays. The use of chemical etching provides a low-cost and convenient method of obtaining the needle-like arrays. In addition, the field emission properties of the different ZnO NW arrays were also investigated where some differences in the turn-on field and the field-enhancement factors were observed for the ZnO nanostructures of different lengths and shapes. It was experimentally observed that the leaf-like ZnO nanostructure is most suitable for field emission due to its lowest turn-on and threshold field as well as its high field-enhancement factor among the different synthesized nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoguo Fang
- Institute of Materials Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, University of Muenster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, Muenster 48149, Germany
- Institut für Physik & IMN MacroNano® (ZIK), Technische Universität Ilmenau, Prof. Schmidt-Str. 26, Ilmenau 98693, Germany
| | - Kin Mun Wong
- Institute of Materials Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, University of Muenster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, Muenster 48149, Germany
- Institut für Physik & IMN MacroNano® (ZIK), Technische Universität Ilmenau, Prof. Schmidt-Str. 26, Ilmenau 98693, Germany
| | - Yong Lei
- Institute of Materials Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, University of Muenster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, Muenster 48149, Germany
- Institut für Physik & IMN MacroNano® (ZIK), Technische Universität Ilmenau, Prof. Schmidt-Str. 26, Ilmenau 98693, Germany
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Liang Y, Liang H, Xiao X, Hark S. The epitaxial growth of ZnS nanowire arrays and their applications in UV-light detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13903g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Liu B, Wang Z, Dong Y, Zhu Y, Gong Y, Ran S, Liu Z, Xu J, Xie Z, Chen D, Shen G. ZnO-nanoparticle-assembled cloth for flexible photodetectors and recyclable photocatalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm16781f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mahanti M, Ghosh T, Basak D. Enhanced near band edge luminescence of Ti/ZnO nanorod heterostructures due to the surface diffusion of Ti. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:4427-4433. [PMID: 21931902 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10937e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Information on the mechanistic differences in the luminescence properties of Ti/ZnO nanorods (NRs) has been obtained through the preparation of heterostructures by (a) varying the thickness of Ti from 1 nm to 20 nm keeping the substrate temperature at 400 °C, (b) varying the substrate temperature from room temperature (RT) to 500 °C while keeping the metal thickness constant at 10 nm and (c) annealing the RT Ti sputtered NRs at temperatures of 400 °C and 500 °C. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra show that the near band edge luminescence of ZnO in the ultraviolet (UV) region is enhanced as the thickness of Ti increases up to 5 nm and, thereafter, it falls. Sputtering of Ti on ZnO NRs at RT does not cause any UV enhancement but when sputtered at and above 400 °C, the UV intensity is enhanced. Annealing of RT Ti sputtered NRs at and above 400 °C also results in the enhancement of the UV peak, although with a lesser magnitude. Analysis of the PL results, supported by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, elemental mapping, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and electrical I-V measurement results, show a clear indication that the surface diffusion of Ti causes a reduction in the surface defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Mahanti
- Department of Solid State Physics, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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26
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Panigrahi S, Basak D. Core-shell TiO2@ZnO nanorods for efficient ultraviolet photodetection. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:2336-2341. [PMID: 21483939 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10064e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Core-shell TiO(2)@ZnO nanorods (NRs) have been fabricated by a simple two step method: growth of ZnO NRs' array by an aqueous chemical technique and then coating of the NRs with a solution of titanium isopropoxide [Ti(OC(3)H(7))(4)] followed by a heating step to form the shell. The core-shell nanocomposites are composed of single-crystalline ZnO NRs, coated with a thin TiO(2) shell layer obtained by varying the number of coatings (one, three and five times). The ultraviolet (UV) emission intensity of the nanocomposite is largely quenched due to an efficient electron-hole separation reducing the band-to-band recombinations. The UV photoconductivity of the core-shell structure with three times TiO(2) coating has been largely enhanced due to photoelectron transfer between the core and the shell. The UV photosensitivity of the nanocomposite becomes four times larger while the photocurrent decay during steady UV illumination has been decreased almost by 7 times compared to the as-grown ZnO NRs indicating high efficiency of these core-shell structures as UV sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrabani Panigrahi
- Department of Solid State Physics, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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27
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Wu JM. TiO2/Ti1−xSnxO2 heterojunction nanowires: characterization, formation, and gas sensing performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11772f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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