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Pascual G, Donnellan P, Glennon B, Wood B, Jones RC. Design and Optimization of the Single-Stage Continuous Mixed Suspension-Mixed Product Removal Crystallization of 2-Chloro- N-(4-methylphenyl)propenamide. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:13676-13686. [PMID: 35559147 PMCID: PMC9088942 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A continuously operated single-stage mixed suspension-mixed product removal (MSMPR) crystallizer was developed for the continuous cooling crystallization of 2-chloro-N-(4-methylphenyl)propanamide (CNMP) in toluene from 25 to 0 °C. The conversion of the previous batch to a continuous process was key to developing a methodology linking the synthesis and purification unit operations of CNMP and gave further insight in the development of continuous process trains for active pharmaceutical ingredient materials. By monitoring how parameters such as cooling and agitation rates influence particle size and the yield, two batch start-up strategies were compared. The second part of the study focused on developing and optimizing the continuous cooling crystallization of CNMP in the MSMPR crystallizer in relation to the yield by determining the effects of varying the residence time and the agitation rates. During the MSMPR operation, the plot of the focused beam reflectance measurement total counts versus time oscillates and reaches an unusual state of control. Despite the oscillations, the dissolved concentration was constant. The yield and production rate from the system were constant after two residence times, as supported by FTIR data. The overall productivity was higher at shorter residence times (τ), and a productivity of 69.51 g/h for τ = 20 min was achieved for the isolation of CNMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys
Kate Pascual
- Synthesis
and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), School of Chemical and
Bioprocess Engineering, University College
Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Philip Donnellan
- Synthesis
and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), School of Chemical and
Bioprocess Engineering, University College
Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Brian Glennon
- Synthesis
and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), School of Chemical and
Bioprocess Engineering, University College
Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- APC
Ltd, Cherrywood Business
Park, Loughlinstown, Dublin D18 DH50, Ireland
| | - Barbara Wood
- Synthesis
and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), School of Chemical and
Bioprocess Engineering, University College
Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- APC
Ltd, Cherrywood Business
Park, Loughlinstown, Dublin D18 DH50, Ireland
| | - Roderick C. Jones
- Synthesis
and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), School of Chemical and
Bioprocess Engineering, University College
Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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2
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Dennehy OC, Lynch D, Collins SG, Maguire AR, Moynihan HA. Scale-up and Optimization of a Continuous Flow Synthesis of an α-Thio-β-chloroacrylamide. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga C. Dennehy
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Denis Lynch
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Stuart G. Collins
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Anita R. Maguire
- School of Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Humphrey A. Moynihan
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
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3
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Flynn AJ, Ford A, Maguire AR. Synthetic and mechanistic aspects of sulfonyl migrations. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2549-2610. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02587a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonyl migrations, frequently described as ‘unusual’ or ‘unexpected’, from the last 20 years, including 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5-, 1,6- and 1,7-sulfonyl shifts, through either radical or polar processes, either inter- or intramolecularly are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaran J. Flynn
- School of Chemistry
- Analytical and Biological Research Facility
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre
- University College Cork
- Cork
| | - Alan Ford
- School of Chemistry
- Analytical and Biological Research Facility
- University College Cork
- Cork
- Ireland
| | - Anita R. Maguire
- School of Chemistry and School of Pharmacy
- Analytical and Biological Research Facility
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre
- University College Cork
- Cork
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4
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Yonglin Lei, Yao Xiang. A Room Temperature Curing Agent for Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene: Synthesis of a Novel Nitrile N-Oxide and Curing Properties of the Polymer Network. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090419060137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Flynn AJ, Ford A, Khandavilli UBR, Lawrence SE, Maguire AR. Regioselective Thermal [3+2]-Dipolar Cycloadditions of α-Diazoacetates with α
-Sulfenyl/Sulfinyl/Sulfonyl-β
-Chloroacrylamide Derivatives to Form Densely Functionalised Pyrazoles. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaran J. Flynn
- School of Chemistry; Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility; Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Alan Ford
- School of Chemistry; Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - U. B. Rao Khandavilli
- School of Chemistry; Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility; Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Simon E. Lawrence
- School of Chemistry; Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility; Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Anita R. Maguire
- School of Chemistry and School of Pharmacy; Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility; Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
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6
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Lei Y, Fan Y, Huo J. Hydroxyl‐terminated Polybutadiene Curing by 1,3‐dipolar Cycloaddition of Energetic Nitrile N‐Oxides: Room Temperature Curing Property, Kinetics, Thermodynamics, and Propellant Combustion Characteristics. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201800244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-friendly Energy materials, School of Material Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 P. R. China
| | - Yaqin Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-friendly Energy materials, School of Material Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 P. R. China
| | - Jichuan Huo
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-friendly Energy materials, School of Material Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 P. R. China
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7
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Jones RC, Twamley B. Structure of 2-chloro- N-( p-tol-yl)propanamide. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2018; 74:1584-1588. [PMID: 30443386 PMCID: PMC6218893 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989018013889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two independent samples of the title compound, alternatively 2-chloro-N-(4-methylphenyl)prop-an-amide, C10H12ClNO, 1, were studied using Cu Kα, 1a, and Mo Kα, 1b, radiation as part of a continuous crystallization study. The mol-ecule crystallizes with disorder in the Cl/terminal methyl positions [occupancies for the major disorder component of 0.783 (2) in 1a and and 0.768 (2) in 1b] and exhibits N-C bond lengths of 1.3448 (19), 1.344 (2) Å, C=O bond lengths of 1.2233 (18) and 1.2245 (19) Å and an acetamide moiety C-N-C-C torsion angle of 179.00 (13), 178.97 (14) ° for 1a and 1b, respectively. In the crystal, chains along the a axis are formed via N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between acetamide groups, as well as C-H⋯O inter-actions. These chains arrange themselves into parallel running stacks which display weak C-Cl⋯O=C halogen bonding as well as weak C-H⋯π inter-actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick C. Jones
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), School of Chemical and, Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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8
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Evaluation on Curing Properties and Kinetics of Isophthalonitrile Oxide. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2018-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
N,N-dihydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarboximidoyl dichloride was synthesized from benzene-1,3-dicarboxaldehyde and characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR). The elastomer was prepared through the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of reaction between liquid polybutadiene (LPB) and isophthalonitrile oxide in this work. The tensile strength of different elastomer was enhanced from 0.14 MPa to 0.33 MPa as the elongation at break decreased from 145% to 73%, and the modulus increased from 0.09 kPa to 0.47 kPa. The parameters of kinetic indicated that the curing reaction was fi rst order reaction and the apparent activation energy of each curing system was less than 10.10 kJ/mol when the content of N,N-dihydroxybenzene-1,3- dicarboximidoyl dichloride was increased from 7% to 12%. These results suggested that nitrile oxides achieved curing of polymer binders at room temperature and this work had defi nite guiding signifi cance for the application of nitrile oxides in polymer binders.
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9
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Das J, Banerjee D. Nickel-Catalyzed Phosphine Free Direct N-Alkylation of Amides with Alcohols. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3378-3384. [PMID: 29441778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we developed an operational simple, practical, and selective Ni-catalyzed synthesis of secondary amides. Application of renewable alcohols, earth-abundant and nonprecious nickel catalyst facilitates the transformations, releasing water as byproduct. The catalytic system is tolerant to a variety of functional groups including nitrile, allylic ether, and alkene and could be extended to the synthesis of bis-amide, antiemetic drug Tigan, and dopamine D2 receptor antagonist Itopride. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed the participation of a benzylic C-H bond in the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Das
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee - 247667 , Uttarakhand , India
| | - Debasis Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee - 247667 , Uttarakhand , India
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10
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Dennehy OC, Cacheux VMY, Deadman BJ, Lynch D, Collins SG, Moynihan HA, Maguire AR. Development of a continuous process for α-thio-β-chloroacrylamide synthesis with enhanced control of a cascade transformation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 12:2511-2522. [PMID: 28144320 PMCID: PMC5238589 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A continuous process strategy has been developed for the preparation of α-thio-β-chloroacrylamides, a class of highly versatile synthetic intermediates. Flow platforms to generate the α-chloroamide and α-thioamide precursors were successfully adopted, progressing from the previously employed batch chemistry, and in both instances afford a readily scalable methodology. The implementation of the key α-thio-β-chloroacrylamide casade as a continuous flow reaction on a multi-gram scale is described, while the tuneable nature of the cascade, facilitated by continuous processing, is highlighted by selective generation of established intermediates and byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga C Dennehy
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Valérie M Y Cacheux
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Benjamin J Deadman
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Denis Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Stuart G Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Humphrey A Moynihan
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anita R Maguire
- Department of Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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11
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Kawauchi T, Oguchi Y, Sawayama J, Nagai K, Iyoda T. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Dendritic Viologen-Arranged Molecules with an ω-Mercaptoalkyl Group and Their Self-Assembled Monolayers Complexed with Various Anions. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Kawauchi
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated
Material
Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), and Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yuki Oguchi
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated
Material
Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), and Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Jun Sawayama
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated
Material
Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), and Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Keiji Nagai
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated
Material
Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), and Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Iyoda
- Iyoda Supra-Integrated
Material
Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), and Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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12
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Barhoumi-Slimi TM, Essalah K, Sanhoury MAK, Ourévitch M, El Gaied MM. Diels–Alder reaction of β-chloro-α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with cyclopentadiene: an experimental and theoretical study. Struct Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-013-0339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Kissane M, Murphy M, Bateman LM, McCarthy DG, Maguire AR. Selective β-oxidation of α-sulfanyl amides. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Kissane M, Murphy M, O'Brien E, Chopra J, Murphy L, Collins SG, Lawrence SE, Maguire AR. Addition-substitution reactions of 2-thio-3-chloroacrylamides with carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and selenium nucleophiles. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:2452-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00805b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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