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Broadening the Scope of the Reverse Orthogonal Strategy for Oligosaccharide Synthesis. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9887-9895. [PMID: 35862424 PMCID: PMC9402073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reverse orthogonal strategy was invented in 2011 in an attempt to address drawbacks of other strategies for glycan assembly. Different from the classical orthogonal approach that relies on the orthogonality of leaving groups, the reverse strategy is based on orthogonal protecting groups that could be removed during the glycosylation step. This strategy remained largely unexplored due to only one combination of orthogonal protecting groups that would fit into this concept. Reported herein are new orthogonal combinations of leaving and protecting groups that help to streamline the glycan assembly. Also reported is further refinement of the previously reported reaction conditions.
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2
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Han L, Wang L, Guo Z. An extensive review of studies on mycobacterium cell wall polysaccharide-related oligosaccharides – part II: Synthetic studies on complex arabinofuranosyl oligosaccharides carrying other functional motifs and related derivatives and analogs. J Carbohydr Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2019.1630840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Han
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji′nan, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji′nan, China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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3
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Kulkarni SS, Wang CC, Sabbavarapu NM, Podilapu AR, Liao PH, Hung SC. "One-Pot" Protection, Glycosylation, and Protection-Glycosylation Strategies of Carbohydrates. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8025-8104. [PMID: 29870239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, which are ubiquitously distributed throughout the three domains of life, play significant roles in a variety of vital biological processes. Access to unique and homogeneous carbohydrate materials is important to understand their physical properties, biological functions, and disease-related features. It is difficult to isolate carbohydrates in acceptable purity and amounts from natural sources. Therefore, complex saccharides with well-defined structures are often most conviently accessed through chemical syntheses. Two major hurdles, regioselective protection and stereoselective glycosylation, are faced by carbohydrate chemists in synthesizing these highly complicated molecules. Over the past few years, there has been a radical change in tackling these problems and speeding up the synthesis of oligosaccharides. This is largely due to the development of one-pot protection, one-pot glycosylation, and one-pot protection-glycosylation protocols and streamlined approaches to orthogonally protected building blocks, including those from rare sugars, that can be used in glycan coupling. In addition, new automated strategies for oligosaccharide syntheses have been reported not only for program-controlled assembly on solid support but also by the stepwise glycosylation in solution phase. As a result, various sugar molecules with highly complex, large structures could be successfully synthesized. To summarize these recent advances, this review describes the methodologies for one-pot protection and their one-pot glycosylation into the complex glycans and the chronological developments associated with automated syntheses of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | | | | | - Ananda Rao Podilapu
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Pin-Hsuan Liao
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
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4
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Mishra B, Manmode S, Panda RRA, Hotha S. Expedient Synthesis of a Linear Nonadecaarabinofuranoside of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Cellular Envelope. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijoyananda Mishra
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road 411008 Pune India
| | - Sujit Manmode
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road 411008 Pune India
| | - Ravi Raja Adhikari Panda
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road 411008 Pune India
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road 411008 Pune India
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5
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2011-2012. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:255-422. [PMID: 26270629 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This review is the seventh update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2012. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural types constitute the remainder. The main groups of compound are oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:255-422, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
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6
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[Au]/[Ag]-catalysed expedient synthesis of branched heneicosafuranosyl arabinogalactan motif of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14019. [PMID: 28120821 PMCID: PMC5288502 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergence of multidrug-resistant and extreme-drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) can cause serious socioeconomic burdens. Arabinogalactan present on the cellular envelope of MTb is unique and is required for its survival; access to arabinogalactan is essential for understanding the biosynthetic machinery that assembles it. Isolation from Nature is a herculean task and, as a result, chemical synthesis is the most sought after technique. Here we report a convergent synthesis of branched heneicosafuranosyl arabinogalactan (HAG) of MTb. Key furanosylations are performed using [Au]/[Ag] catalysts. The synthesis of HAG is achieved by the repetitive use of three reactions namely 1,2-trans furanoside synthesis by propargyl 1,2-orthoester donors, unmasking of silyl ether, and conversion of n-pentenyl furanosides into 1,2-orthoesters. Synthesis of HAG is achieved in 47 steps (with an overall yield of 0.09%) of which 21 are installation of furanosidic linkages in a stereoselective manner. Arabinogalactan forms parts of the cellular envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, however due to its size chemical synthesis is a massive task. Here the authors report the synthesis of branched heneicosafuranosyl arabinogalactan fragment by repeated use of a Au/Ag-catalysed glycosylation methodology.
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7
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Tilve MJ, Cori CR, Gallo-Rodriguez C. Regioselective 5-O-Opening of Conformationally Locked 3,5-O-Di-tert-butylsilylene-d-galactofuranosides. Synthesis of (1→5)-β-d-Galactofuranosyl Derivatives. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9585-9594. [PMID: 27673745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of thiogalactofuranoside as donors for the construction of internal Galf containing oligosaccharide is limited, probably due to the difficulty to functionalize thiogalactofuranoside derivatives showing O-2, O-3, and O-5 with similar reactivity. An efficient method for complete regioselective 5-O-opening of conformationally restricted 3,5-O-di-tert-butylsilylene-d-galactofuranoside derivatives was developed. The use of a solution nBu4NF (1.1 equiv) in CH2Cl2 on 6 gave the 5-OH free derivative 10 as the only product (90%). 3-O-Di-tert-butylhydroxysilyl derivative 10 was stable upon purification and glycosylation reaction. Preactivation of conformationally restricted thioglycoside 6 employing p-NO2-benzensulfenyl chloride/AgOTf followed by condensation over the 5-OH thioglycoside acceptor 10 gave the corresponding disaccharide 12 without autocondensation byproduct. Regioselective 5-O-deprotection was also successfully performed over the (1→5)-β-d-galactofuranosyl di- and trisaccharide derivatives 12 and 13. This methodology allowed the differentiation between the secondary hydroxyl groups OH-3 and OH-5 of 1,2-cis or 1,2-trans d-galactofuranoside derivatives, and it still constitutes an innovative approach to access oligosaccharides of pharmacological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano J Tilve
- CIHIDECAR, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Ciudad Universitaria , Pabellón II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carmen R Cori
- CIHIDECAR, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Ciudad Universitaria , Pabellón II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carola Gallo-Rodriguez
- CIHIDECAR, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Ciudad Universitaria , Pabellón II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Zulueta MML, Janreddy D, Hung SC. One-Pot Methods for the Protection and Assembly of Sugars. Isr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Wang S, Meng X, Huang W, Yang JS. Influence of silyl protections on the anomeric reactivity of galactofuranosyl thioglycosides and application of the silylated thiogalactofuranosides to one-pot synthesis of diverse β-D-oligogalactofuranosides. J Org Chem 2014; 79:10203-17. [PMID: 25310684 DOI: 10.1021/jo5018684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe in this paper the tuning effect of silyl protecting groups on the donor reactivity of galactofuranosyl phenyl thioglycosides. Silyl ethers on the galactofuranose ring are found to have an arming effect on the glycosylation reactivity, but the cyclic 3,5-acetal protecting group decreases the reactivity. The reactive phenyl 2,6-di-O-Bz-3,5-di-O-TBS-1-thio-β-d-galactofuranoside 3 is proved to be a useful glycosyl building block. By taking advantage of this donor, we achieved the highly efficient one-pot solution-phase assembly of a panel of β-d-galactofuranosyl tri- and tetrasaccharides possessing diverse glycosidic linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting, Ministry of Education, and Department of Chemistry of Medicinal Natural Products, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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10
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Marino C, Baldoni L. Synthesis of D-galactofuranose-containing molecules: design of galactofuranosyl acceptors. Chembiochem 2014; 15:188-204. [PMID: 24420700 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
D-Galactofuranose (D-Galf) is present in glycoconjugates of several pathogenic microorganisms but is absent in mammals, so it is a good target for the development of chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of microbial infections. This fact has increased interest in the synthesis of D-Galf-containing molecules for corresponding glycobiological studies. The synthesis of oligosaccharides, glycoconjugates, and mimetics of D-Galf requires specific methods for the preparation of galactose derivatives in the furanosic configuration, the synthesis of appropriate acceptors, and efficient glycosylation methods for the construction of α- and β-D-Galf linkages. This review summarizes the different strategies developed for the preparation of partially protected derivatives of D-Galf, suitable as acceptors for the construction of (1→2), (1→3), (1→5), and (1→6) link- ages, and describes recent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Marino
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET-UBA, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires (Argentina).
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11
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Gola G, Gallo-Rodriguez C. Synthesis of α-d-Glcp-(1→3)-α-d-Galf-(1→2)-α-l-Rhap constituent of the CPS of Streptococcus pneumoniae 22F. Effect of 3-O-substitution in 1,2-cis α-d-galactofuranosylation. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45658g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Kashiwagi GA, Mendoza VM, de Lederkremer RM, Gallo-Rodriguez C. Synthesis of the O-linked hexasaccharide containing β-D-Galf-(1→2)-β-D-Galf in Trypanosoma cruzi mucins. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:6322-32. [PMID: 22735493 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25741f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The hexasaccharide β-D-Galp-(1→2)-[β-D-Galp-(1→3)]-β-D-Galp-(1→6)-[β-D-Galf(1→2)-β-D-Galf(1→4)]-D-GlcNAc (1) is the largest carbohydrate structure released as alditol by reductive β-elimination from mucins of some strains of T. cruzi. The terminal β-D-Galp units are sites of sialylation by trans-sialidase which transfers sialic acid from the host to the parasite. Hexasaccharide 1 was synthesized by a [3 + 3]-convergent strategy based on a nitrile assisted glycosylation, using the trichloroacetimidate method. The β-D-Galf-(1→2)-β-D-Galf-D-GlcNAc synthon was sequentially constructed from the reducing end to the non-reducing end employing benzyl α-D-galactofuranoside as starting material for the internal Galf unit. The choice of this novel precursor, obtained in one-reaction step from galactose, allowed the introduction of an orthogonal and participating levulinoyl group at O-2. Thus, the diastereoselective construction of the Galf-β(1→4)-GlcNAc linkage by the trichloroacetimidate method of glycosylation was achieved. The (1)H NMR spectrum of alditol 2 was identical to the product released by β-elimination from the parasite mucin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Kashiwagi
- CIHIDECAR, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Deng LM, Liu X, Liang XY, Yang JS. Regioselective glycosylation method using partially protected arabino- and galactofuranosyl thioglycosides as key glycosylating substrates and its application to one-pot synthesis of oligofuranoses. J Org Chem 2012; 77:3025-37. [PMID: 22369586 DOI: 10.1021/jo300084g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We describe in this paper the development of a novel regioselective furanosylation methodology using partially protected furanosyl thioglycosides as central glycosylating building blocks and its application in the efficient one-pot synthesis of a series of linear and branched-type arabino- and galactofuranoside fragments structurally related to the cell wall polysaccharides of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Streptococcus pneumoniae serostype 35A, and sugar beet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Deng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting, Ministry of Education, and Department of Chemistry of Medicinal Natural Products, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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14
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Tilve MJ, Gallo-Rodriguez C. Glycosylation studies on conformationally restricted 3,5-O-(di-tert-butylsilylene)-D-galactofuranosyl trichloroacetimidate donors for 1,2-cis α-D-galactofuranosylation. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:2838-48. [PMID: 22050997 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Conformationally restricted 3,5-O-di-tert-butylsilylene-D-galactofuranosyl trichloroacetimidate donors were synthesized from allyl α-D-galactofuranoside for the construction of 1,2-cis α-D-galactofuranosyl linkages. Glycosylation reactions were performed with several acceptors, including D-galactono-1,4-lactone, D-rhamnopyranosyl, and D-mannopyranosyl derivatives. The influence of the temperature and the reaction solvents was evaluated, as well as the 6-O-substitution pattern of the donor. The higher α-selectivities were obtained at -78 °C in diethyl ether as solvent. 6-O-Acetyl substitution on constrained donor increased the α-selectivity compared to the 6-O-benzyl substitution. Almost no selectivities were observed in the non-participating solvent CH(2)Cl(2). In contrast, ethereal solvents enhanced the α-selectivity suggesting a participating effect in the reaction intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano J Tilve
- CIHIDECAR, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Influence of the solvent in low temperature glycosylations with O-(2,3,5,6-tetra-O-benzyl-β-D-galactofuranosyl) trichloroacetimidate for 1,2-cis α-D-galactofuranosylation. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1495-502. [PMID: 21645887 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation studies for the construction of 1,2-cis α-linkages with O-(2,3,5,6-tetra-O-benzyl-β-D-galactofuranosyl) trichloroacetimidate (1) and several acceptors, including D-mannosyl and l-rhamnosyl derivatives were performed. The reactions were conducted at low temperatures using CH(2)Cl(2), Et(2)O, and acetonitrile as solvents. A non-participating solvent such as CH(2)Cl(2) at -78°C, favored the α-D-configuration. In contrast, acetonitrile strongly favored the β-D-configuration, whereas no selectivities were observed with Et(2)O. The use of thiophene as an additive did not enhance the α-D-selectivity as in the pyranose counterpart. Although selectivities strongly depended on the acceptor, trichloroacetimidate 1 constitutes a valuable donor for the synthesis of α-D-Galf-(1→2)-l-Rha and α-D-Galf-(1→6)-D-Man. As these motifs are present in pathogenic microorganisms, these procedures described here are useful for the straightforward synthesis of natural oligosaccharides.
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