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Díaz‐Ortiz Á, Prieto P, de la Hoz A. A Critical Overview on the Effect of Microwave Irradiation in Organic Synthesis. CHEM REC 2018; 19:85-97. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Á. Díaz‐Ortiz
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad de Castilla-La ManchaFacultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas. Instituto Regional deInvestigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) Avda. Camilo José Cela, s/n E. 13071 Ciudad Real
| | - P. Prieto
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad de Castilla-La ManchaFacultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas. Instituto Regional deInvestigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) Avda. Camilo José Cela, s/n E. 13071 Ciudad Real
| | - A. de la Hoz
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad de Castilla-La ManchaFacultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas. Instituto Regional deInvestigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) Avda. Camilo José Cela, s/n E. 13071 Ciudad Real
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Prieto P, de la Hoz A, Díaz-Ortiz A, Rodríguez AM. Understanding MAOS through computational chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:431-451. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00393a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Computational chemistry may explain and rationalize the impact of microwave irradiation in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Prieto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- 13071 Ciudad Real
- Spain
| | - A. de la Hoz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- 13071 Ciudad Real
- Spain
| | - A. Díaz-Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- 13071 Ciudad Real
- Spain
| | - A. M. Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples Federico II
- Naples 80126
- Italy
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Rodriguez AM, Prieto P. New insights in the mechanism of the microwave-assisted Pauson–Khand reaction. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rodríguez AM, Prieto P, de la Hoz A, Díaz-Ortiz Á, Martín DR, García JI. Influence of Polarity and Activation Energy in Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS). ChemistryOpen 2015; 4:308-17. [PMID: 26246993 PMCID: PMC4522181 DOI: 10.1002/open.201402123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine the parameters that have decisive roles in microwave-assisted reactions and to develop a model, using computational chemistry, to predict a priori the type of reactions that can be improved under microwaves. For this purpose, a computational study was carried out on a variety of reactions, which have been reported to be improved under microwave irradiation. This comprises six types of reactions. The outcomes obtained in this study indicate that the most influential parameters are activation energy, enthalpy, and the polarity of all the species that participate. In addition to this, in most cases, slower reacting systems observe a much greater improvement under microwave irradiation. Furthermore, for these reactions, the presence of a polar component in the reaction (solvent, reagent, susceptor, etc.) is necessary for strong coupling with the electromagnetic radiation. We also quantified that an activation energy of 20-30 kcal mol(-1) and a polarity (μ) between 7-20 D of the species involved in the process is required to obtain significant improvements under microwave irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio M Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Castilla–La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Castilla–La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Antonio de la Hoz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Castilla–La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ángel Díaz-Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Castilla–La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - D Raúl Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Castilla–La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José I García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, CSIC-Universidad de ZaragozaC/. Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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Zhong X, Lv J, Luo S. [4 + 2] cycloaddition of in situ generated 1,2-diaza-1,3-dienes with simple olefins: facile approaches to tetrahydropyridazines. Org Lett 2015; 17:1561-4. [PMID: 25738599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A catalyst-free [4 + 2] annulation process between in situ generated 1,2-diaza-1,3-butadienes and simple olefins has been developed. Under mild conditions, the reactions afforded 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazines, which feature a wide range of bioactive compounds, with high yields (up to 99% yield).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingren Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jian Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
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Rodríguez AM, Prieto P, de la Hoz A, Díaz-Ortiz A, García JI. The issue of 'molecular radiators' in microwave-assisted reactions. Computational calculations on ring closing metathesis (RCM). Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:2436-45. [PMID: 24599220 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42536c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A DFT computational mechanistic study of the ring closing metathesis (RCM) reaction of diallyl ether or N,N-diallyl-p-toluenesulfonamide catalyzed by a second generation Grubbs-type ruthenium carbene complex has been carried out. This study was performed at the PCM(CH2Cl2)-B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p)//B3LYP/SDD theory level. The aim of this work was to shed light on the influence that microwave irradiation has on these reactions and to gain insight into the so-called 'molecular radiator' effect. The outcomes obtained indicate that thermal effects induced by microwave irradiation decrease the catalytic induction period. The presence of a polar reagent and/or polar species in the reaction that increases the polarity of the medium may enhance this thermal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Ruiz-Carretero A, Ramírez JR, Sánchez-Migallón A, de la Hoz A. Microwave-assisted selective and efficient synthesis of 1,3,5-triazinyl mono and bisureas. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Isopropyl β-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)- α-hydroxypropanoate. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/505460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Using microwave irradiation heating, isopropylβ-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-α-hydroxypropanoate was synthesised from 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and acetylglycine through the formation of 2-methyl-4-(3,4-acetoxybenzylene)oxazol-5-ones,α-acetylamino-β-(3,4-diacetoxyphenyl)acrylic acid, andβ-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)pyruvic acid followed by Clemmensen reduction and esterification. The reaction conditions in terms of operating parameters were optimised by using an orthogonal design of experiment (ODOE) approach, including reaction temperature, reaction time, and microwave power level. Compared with conventional heating, the reaction time was significantly reduced for all reactions and the product yields were increased (except for the third-step reaction) under microwave heating conditions. The most remarkable microwave enhancement was found in the step of isopropylβ-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-α-hydroxypropanoate production where the reaction time was reduced from 10 hrs (conventional heating) to 25 mins (microwave heating) whilst the yield was increased from 75.6% to 87.1%, respectively.
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Kappe CO, Pieber B, Dallinger D. Microwave Effects in Organic Synthesis: Myth or Reality? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 52:1088-94. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kappe CO, Pieber B, Dallinger D. Mikrowelleneffekte in der organischen Synthese - Mythos oder Wirklichkeit? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rodriguez AM, Cebrián C, Prieto P, García JI, de la Hoz A, Díaz-Ortiz Á. DFT Studies on Cobalt-Catalyzed Cyclotrimerization Reactions: The Mechanism and Origin of Reaction Improvement under Microwave Irradiation. Chemistry 2012; 18:6217-24. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sarma R, Sarmah MM, Prajapati D. Microwave-Promoted Catalyst- and Solvent-Free Aza-Diels–Alder Reaction of Aldimines with 6-[2-(Dimethylamino)vinyl]-1,3-dimethyluracil. J Org Chem 2012; 77:2018-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jo202346w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Sarma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-North-East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | - Manas M. Sarmah
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-North-East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | - Dipak Prajapati
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-North-East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
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Dong S, Cahill KAJ, Kang MI, Colburn NH, Henrich CJ, Wilson JA, Beutler JA, Johnson RP, Porco JA. Microwave-based reaction screening: tandem retro-Diels-Alder/Diels-Alder cycloadditions of o-quinol dimers. J Org Chem 2011; 76:8944-54. [PMID: 21942286 PMCID: PMC3214659 DOI: 10.1021/jo201658y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have accomplished a parallel screen of cycloaddition partners for o-quinols utilizing a plate-based microwave system. Microwave irradiation improves the efficiency of retro-Diels-Alder/Diels-Alder cascades of o-quinol dimers which generally proceed in a diastereoselective fashion. Computational studies indicate that asynchronous transition states are favored in Diels-Alder cycloadditions of o-quinols. Subsequent biological evaluation of a collection of cycloadducts has identified an inhibitor of activator protein-1 (AP-1), an oncogenic transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwei Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | | | - Moon -Il Kang
- Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Nancy H. Colburn
- Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Curtis J. Henrich
- Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Jennifer A. Wilson
- Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - John A. Beutler
- Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | | | - John A. Porco
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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