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Hatch CE, Chain WJ. Electrochemically Enabled Total Syntheses of Natural Products. ChemElectroChem 2023; 10:e202300140. [PMID: 38106361 PMCID: PMC10723087 DOI: 10.1002/celc.202300140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical techniques have helped to enable the total synthesis of natural products since the pioneering work of Kolbe in the mid 1800's. The electrochemical toolset grows every day and these new possibilities change the way chemists look at and think about natural products. This review provides a perspective on total syntheses wherein electrochemical techniques enabled the carbon─carbon bond formations in the skeletal assembly of important natural products, discussion of mechanistic details, and representative examples of the bond formations enabled over the last several decades. These bond formations are often distinctly different from those possible with conventional chemistries and allow assemblies complementary to other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad E Hatch
- Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 E. 68 St., New York, NY, 10065 (United States)
| | - William J Chain
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 163 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716 (United States)
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2
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Zhang Y, Xiao G. Chemical synthesis of TMG-chitotriomycin. J Carbohydr Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2021.2009504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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3
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Morimoto Y, Takahashi S, Isoda Y, Nokami T, Fukamizo T, Suginta W, Ohnuma T. Kinetic and thermodynamic insights into the inhibitory mechanism of TMG-chitotriomycin on Vibrio campbellii GH20 exo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Carbohydr Res 2020; 499:108201. [PMID: 33243428 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the inhibition kinetics of VhGlcNAcase, a GH20 exo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase) from the marine bacterium Vibrio campbellii (formerly V. harveyi) ATCC BAA-1116, using TMG-chitotriomycin, a natural enzyme inhibitor specific for GH20 GlcNAcases from chitin-processing organisms, with p-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminide (pNP-GlcNAc) as the substrate. TMG-chitotriomycin inhibited VhGlcNAcase with an IC50 of 3.0 ± 0.7 μM. Using Dixon plots, the inhibition kinetics indicated that TMG-chitotriomycin is a competitive inhibitor, with an inhibition constant Ki of 2.2 ± 0.3 μM. Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments provided the thermodynamic parameters for the binding of TMG-chitotriomycin to VhGlcNAcase and revealed that binding was driven by both favorable enthalpy and entropy changes (ΔH° = -2.5 ± 0.1 kcal/mol and -TΔS° = -5.8 ± 0.3 kcal/mol), resulting in a free energy change, ΔG°, of -8.2 ± 0.2 kcal/mol. Dissection of the entropic term showed that a favorable solvation entropy change (-TΔSsolv° = -16 ± 2 kcal/mol) is the main contributor to the entropic term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Morimoto
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Shuji Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan
| | - Yuta Isoda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan
| | - Tamo Fukamizo
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan; School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Tumbol Payupnai, Wangchan Valley, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Wipa Suginta
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Tumbol Payupnai, Wangchan Valley, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Takayuki Ohnuma
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan; Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University, Nara, Japan.
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4
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Naphthalimide and quinoline derivatives as inhibitors for insect N-acetyl-β-d-hexosaminidase. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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5
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Dong L, Shen S, Chen W, Lu H, Xu D, Jin S, Yang Q, Zhang J. Glycosyl triazoles as novel insect β-N-acetylhexosaminidase OfHex1 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, molecular docking and MD simulations. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 27:2315-2322. [PMID: 30528165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The insect enzyme GH20 β-N-acetyl-d-hexosaminidase OfHex1 represents an important chitinolytic enzyme found in the agricultural pest Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) and inhibition of this enzyme has been considered a promising strategy for the development of eco-friendly pesticides. In this article, based on the structure of the catalytic domains of OfHex1, a series of novel glycosyl triazoles were designed and synthesized via Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne [3+2] cycloaddition reaction. To investigate the potency and selectivity of these glycosyl triazoles, the inhibition activities towards OfHex1 and HsHexB (human β-N-acetylhexosaminidase B) were studied. Particularly compound 17c (OfHex1, Ki = 28.68 μM; HsHexB, Ki > 100 μM) exhibited a suitable activity and selectivity against OfHex1. Furthermore, the possible inhibitory mechanisms of 17c with OfHex1 were studied using molecular docking and MD simulations. The structure-activity relationship results as well as the formed binding patterns may provide promising insights into the further development of novel OfHex1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Dong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengqiang Shen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Huizhe Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhui Jin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China; Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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6
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Yang H, Liu T, Qi H, Huang Z, Hao Z, Ying J, Yang Q, Qian X. Design and synthesis of thiazolylhydrazone derivatives as inhibitors of chitinolytic N-acetyl-β-d-hexosaminidase. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5420-5426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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7
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Isoda Y, Sasaki N, Kitamura K, Takahashi S, Manmode S, Takeda-Okuda N, Tamura JI, Nokami T, Itoh T. Total synthesis of TMG-chitotriomycin based on an automated electrochemical assembly of a disaccharide building block. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:919-924. [PMID: 28684973 PMCID: PMC5480352 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The total synthesis of TMG-chitotriomycin using an automated electrochemical synthesizer for the assembly of carbohydrate building blocks is demonstrated. We have successfully prepared a precursor of TMG-chitotriomycin, which is a structurally-pure tetrasaccharide with typical protecting groups, through the methodology of automated electrochemical solution-phase synthesis developed by us. The synthesis of structurally well-defined TMG-chitotriomycin has been accomplished in 10-steps from a disaccharide building block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Isoda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Kei Kitamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Shuji Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Sujit Manmode
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Naoko Takeda-Okuda
- Department of Regional Environment, Faculty of Regional Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8551, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Tamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.,Department of Regional Environment, Faculty of Regional Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8551, Japan.,Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.,Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Itoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.,Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
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8
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Sasaki N, Nokami T, Itoh T. Synthesis of a TMG-chitotriomycin Precursor Based on Electrolyte-free Electrochemical Glycosylation Using an Ionic Liquid Tag. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552
| | - Toshiyuki Itoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552
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9
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Nokami T, Sasaki N, Isoda Y, Itoh T. Ionic-Liquid Tag with Multiple Functions in Electrochemical Glycosylation. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Engineering; Tottori University; 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan
- Center for Research on Green and Sustainable Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Tottori University; 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan
| | - Norihiko Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Engineering; Tottori University; 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan
| | - Yuta Isoda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Engineering; Tottori University; 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Itoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Engineering; Tottori University; 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan
- Center for Research on Green and Sustainable Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Tottori University; 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan
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10
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Nokami T, Isoda Y, Sasaki N, Takaiso A, Hayase S, Itoh T, Hayashi R, Shimizu A, Yoshida JI. Automated Electrochemical Assembly of the Protected Potential TMG-chitotriomycin Precursor Based on Rational Optimization of the Carbohydrate Building Block. Org Lett 2015; 17:1525-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ryutaro Hayashi
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shimizu
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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11
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Exploring unsymmetrical dyads as efficient inhibitors against the insect β-N-acetyl-d-hexosaminidase OfHex2. Biochimie 2014; 97:152-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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12
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Shiota H, Kanzaki H, Hatanaka T, Nitoda T. TMG-chitotriomycin as a probe for the prediction of substrate specificity of β-N-acetylhexosaminidases. Carbohydr Res 2013; 375:29-34. [PMID: 23685037 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
TMG-chitotriomycin (1) produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces annulatus NBRC13369 was examined as a probe for the prediction of substrate specificity of β-N-acetylhexosaminidases (HexNAcases). According to the results of inhibition assays, 14 GH20 HexNAcases from various organisms were divided into 1-sensitive and 1-insensitive enzymes. Three representatives of each group were investigated for their substrate specificity. The 1-sensitive HexNAcases hydrolyzed N-acetylchitooligosaccharides but not N-glycan-type oligosaccharides, whereas the 1-insensitive enzymes hydrolyzed N-glycan-type oligosaccharides but not N-acetylchitooligosaccharides, indicating that TMG-chitotriomycin can be used as a molecular probe to distinguish between chitin-degrading HexNAcases and glycoconjugate-processing HexNAcases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Shiota
- Laboratory of Bioresources Chemistry, The Graduate School of Environmental & Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
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14
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Liu G, Chater KF, Chandra G, Niu G, Tan H. Molecular regulation of antibiotic biosynthesis in streptomyces. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2013; 77:112-43. [PMID: 23471619 PMCID: PMC3591988 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00054-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptomycetes are the most abundant source of antibiotics. Typically, each species produces several antibiotics, with the profile being species specific. Streptomyces coelicolor, the model species, produces at least five different antibiotics. We review the regulation of antibiotic biosynthesis in S. coelicolor and other, nonmodel streptomycetes in the light of recent studies. The biosynthesis of each antibiotic is specified by a large gene cluster, usually including regulatory genes (cluster-situated regulators [CSRs]). These are the main point of connection with a plethora of generally conserved regulatory systems that monitor the organism's physiology, developmental state, population density, and environment to determine the onset and level of production of each antibiotic. Some CSRs may also be sensitive to the levels of different kinds of ligands, including products of the pathway itself, products of other antibiotic pathways in the same organism, and specialized regulatory small molecules such as gamma-butyrolactones. These interactions can result in self-reinforcing feed-forward circuitry and complex cross talk between pathways. The physiological signals and regulatory mechanisms may be of practical importance for the activation of the many cryptic secondary metabolic gene cluster pathways revealed by recent sequencing of numerous Streptomyces genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keith F. Chater
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Govind Chandra
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Halila S, Samain E, Vorgias CE, Armand S. A straightforward access to TMG-chitooligomycins and their evaluation as β-N-acetylhexosaminidase inhibitors. Carbohydr Res 2013; 368:52-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Structural insights into cellulolytic and chitinolytic enzymes revealing crucial residues of insect β-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidase. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52225. [PMID: 23300622 PMCID: PMC3531433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical similarity of cellulose and chitin supports the idea that their corresponding hydrolytic enzymes would bind β-1,4-linked glucose residues in a similar manner. A structural and mutational analysis was performed for the plant cellulolytic enzyme BGlu1 from Oryza sativa and the insect chitinolytic enzyme OfHex1 from Ostrinia furnacalis. Although BGlu1 shows little amino-acid sequence or topological similarity with OfHex1, three residues (Trp490, Glu328, Val327 in OfHex1, and Trp358, Tyr131 and Ile179 in BGlu1) were identified as being conserved in the +1 sugar binding site. OfHex1 Glu328 together with Trp490 was confirmed to be necessary for substrate binding. The mutant E328A exhibited a 8-fold increment in Km for (GlcNAc)2 and a 42-fold increment in Ki for TMG-chitotriomycin. A crystal structure of E328A in complex with TMG-chitotriomycin was resolved at 2.5 Å, revealing the obvious conformational changes of the catalytic residues (Glu368 and Asp367) and the absence of the hydrogen bond between E328A and the C3-OH of the +1 sugar. V327G exhibited the same activity as the wild-type, but acquired the ability to efficiently hydrolyse β-1,2-linked GlcNAc in contrast to the wild-type. Thus, Glu328 and Val327 were identified as important for substrate-binding and as glycosidic-bond determinants. A structure-based sequence alignment confirmed the spatial conservation of these three residues in most plant cellulolytic, insect and bacterial chitinolytic enzymes.
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