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Terracina F, Saletti M, Paolino M, Venditti J, Giuliani G, Bonechi C, Licciardi M, Cappelli A. Cross-Linked Hyaluronan Derivatives in the Delivery of Phycocyanin. Gels 2024; 10:91. [PMID: 38391421 PMCID: PMC10887560 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
An easy and viable crosslinking technology, based on the "click-chemistry" reaction copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (click-crosslinking), was applied to graft copolymers of medium molecular weight (i.e., 270 kDa) hyaluronic acid (HA) grafted with ferulic acid (FA) residues bearing clickable propargyl groups, as well as caffeic acid derivatives bearing azido-terminated oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains. The obtained crosslinked materials were characterized from the point of view of their structure and aggregation liability to form hydrogels in a water environment. The most promising materials showed interesting loading capability regarding the antioxidant agent phycocyanin (PC). Two novel materials complexes (namely HA(270)-FA-TEGEC-CL-20/PC and HA(270)-FA-HEGEC-CL-20/PC) were obtained with a drug-to-material ratio of 1:2 (w/w). Zeta potential measurements of the new complexes (-1.23 mV for HA(270)-FA-TEGEC-CL-20/PC and -1.73 mV for HA(270)-FA-HEGEC-CL-20/PC) showed alterations compared to the zeta potential values of the materials on their own, suggesting the achievement of drug-material interactions. According to the in vitro dissolution studies carried out in different conditions, novel drug delivery systems (DDSs) were obtained with a variety of characteristics depending on the desired route of administration and, consequently, on the pH of the surrounding environment, thanks to the complexation of phycocyanin with these two new crosslinked materials. Both complexes showed excellent potential for providing a controlled/prolonged release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). They also increased the amount of drug that reach the target location, enabling pH-dependent release. Importantly, as demonstrated by the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the complexation process, involving freezing and freeze-drying, showed no adverse effects on the antioxidant activity of phycocyanin. This activity was preserved in the two novel materials and followed a concentration-dependent pattern similar to pure PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Terracina
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Saletti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Jacopo Venditti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Germano Giuliani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Bonechi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mariano Licciardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Taylor RJ, Geeson MB, Journeaux T, Bernardes GJL. Chemical and Enzymatic Methods for Post-Translational Protein-Protein Conjugation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14404-14419. [PMID: 35912579 PMCID: PMC9389620 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fusion proteins play an essential role in the biosciences but suffer from several key limitations, including the requirement for N-to-C terminal ligation, incompatibility of constituent domains, incorrect folding, and loss of biological activity. This perspective focuses on chemical and enzymatic approaches for the post-translational generation of well-defined protein-protein conjugates, which overcome some of the limitations faced by traditional fusion techniques. Methods discussed range from chemical modification of nucleophilic canonical amino acid residues to incorporation of unnatural amino acid residues and a range of enzymatic methods, including sortase-mediated ligation. Through summarizing the progress in this rapidly growing field, the key successes and challenges associated with using chemical and enzymatic approaches are highlighted and areas requiring further development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross J Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
| | - Michael B Geeson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
| | - Toby Journeaux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
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Taylor RJ, Aguilar Rangel M, Geeson MB, Sormanni P, Vendruscolo M, Bernardes GJL. π-Clamp-Mediated Homo- and Heterodimerization of Single-Domain Antibodies via Site-Specific Homobifunctional Conjugation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13026-13031. [PMID: 35834748 PMCID: PMC9335888 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Post-translational protein–protein conjugation
produces
bioconjugates that are unavailable via genetic fusion approaches.
A method for preparing protein–protein conjugates using π-clamp-mediated
cysteine arylation with pentafluorophenyl sulfonamide functional groups
is described. Two computationally designed antibodies targeting the
SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain were produced (KD = 146, 581 nM) with a π-clamp sequence near the
C-terminus and dimerized using this method to provide a 10–60-fold
increase in binding (KD = 8–15
nM). When two solvent-exposed cysteine residues were present on the
second protein domain, the π-clamp cysteine residue was selectively
modified over an Asp-Cys-Glu cysteine residue, allowing for subsequent
small-molecule conjugation. With this strategy, we build molecule–protein–protein
conjugates with complete chemical control over the sites of modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross J Taylor
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Mauricio Aguilar Rangel
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Michael B Geeson
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Pietro Sormanni
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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Chen A, Wang D, Bietsch J, Wang G. Synthesis and characterization of pentaerythritol derived glycoconjugates as supramolecular gelators. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6043-6056. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00475k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Three series of glycoclusters were synthesized and studied and we found that covalently linking three or four monomeric glycosyl triazoles led to effective supramolecular gelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anji Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Old Dominion University
- Norfolk
- USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Old Dominion University
- Norfolk
- USA
| | - Jonathan Bietsch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Old Dominion University
- Norfolk
- USA
| | - Guijun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Old Dominion University
- Norfolk
- USA
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Stuhr-Hansen N, Risinger C, Engholm E, Blixt O. Synthesis of Oligo-(alkyne-triplet)peptide Constructs. Org Lett 2017; 19:6522-6525. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Stuhr-Hansen
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Biology, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christian Risinger
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Biology, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ebbe Engholm
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Biology, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ola Blixt
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Biology, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Herrington-Symes A, Choi JW, Brocchini S. Interferon dimers: IFN-PEG-IFN. J Drug Target 2017; 25:881-890. [PMID: 28817988 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1363214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly complex proteins can be made by a recombinant chemical approach where proteins that can be made easily can be combined by site-specific chemical conjugation to form multifunctional or more active protein therapeutics. Protein dimers may display increased avidity for cell surface receptors. The increased size of protein dimers may also increase circulation times. Cytokines bind to cell surface receptors that dimerise, so much of the solvent accessible surface of a cytokine is involved in binding to its target. Interferon (IFN) homo-dimers (IFN-PEG-IFN) were prepared by two methods: site-specific bis-alkylation conjugation of PEG to the two thiols of a native disulphide or to two imidazoles on a histidine tag of two His8-tagged IFN (His8IFN). Several control conjugates were also prepared to assess the relative activity of these IFN homo-dimers. The His8IFN-PEG20-His8IFN obtained by histidine-specific conjugation displayed marginally greater in vitro antiviral activity compared to the IFN-PEG20-IFN homo-dimer obtained by disulphide re-bridging conjugation. This result is consistent with previous observations in which enhanced retention of activity was made possible by conjugation to an N-terminal His-tag on the IFN. Comparison of the antiviral and antiproliferative activities of the two IFN homo-dimers prepared by disulphide re-bridging conjugation indicated that IFN-PEG10-IFN was more biologically active than IFN-PEG20-IFN. This result suggests that the size of PEG may influence the antiviral activity of IFN-PEG-IFN homo-dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji-Won Choi
- a Abzena , Babraham Research Campus , Babraham, Cambridge , UK
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Hsieh HW, Davis RA, Hoch JA, Gervay-Hague J. Two-step functionalization of oligosaccharides using glycosyl iodide and trimethylene oxide and its applications to multivalent glycoconjugates. Chemistry 2014; 20:6444-54. [PMID: 24715520 PMCID: PMC4497529 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharide conjugates, such as glycoproteins and glycolipids, are potential chemotherapeutics and also serve as useful tools for understanding the biological roles of carbohydrates. With many modern isolation and synthetic technologies providing access to a wide variety of free sugars, there is increasing need for general methodologies for carbohydrate functionalization. Herein, we report a two-step methodology for the conjugation of per-O-acetylated oligosaccharides to functionalized linkers that can be used for various displays. Oligosaccharides obtained from both synthetic and commercial sources were converted to glycosyl iodides and activated with I2 to form reactive donors that were subsequently trapped with trimethylene oxide to form iodopropyl conjugates in a single step. The terminal iodide served as a chemical handle for further modification. Conversion into the corresponding azide followed by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition afforded multivalent glycoconjugates of Gb3 for further investigation as anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Wu Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616 (USA), Fax: (+ 1)530-754-6915
| | - Ryan A. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616 (USA), Fax: (+ 1)530-754-6915
| | - Jessica A. Hoch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616 (USA), Fax: (+ 1)530-754-6915
| | - Jacquelyn Gervay-Hague
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616 (USA), Fax: (+ 1)530-754-6915
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Krueger AT, Kroll C, Sanchez E, Griffith LG, Imperiali B. Tailoring chimeric ligands for studying and biasing ErbB receptor family interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2662-6. [PMID: 24481645 PMCID: PMC4018821 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Described is the development and application of a versatile semisynthetic strategy, based on a combination of sortase-mediated coupling and tetrazine ligation chemistry, which can be exploited for the efficient incorporation of tunable functionality into chimeric recombinant proteins. To demonstrate the scope of the method, the assembly of a set of bivalent ligands, which integrate members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) ligand family, is described. By using a series of bivalent EGFs with variable intraligand spacing, the differences in structure were correlated with the ability to bias signaling in the ErbB receptor family in a cell motility assay. Biasing away from EGFR-HER2 dimerization with a bivalent EGF was observed to reduce cell motility in an intraligand distance-dependent fashion, thus demonstrating the utility of the approach for acutely perturbing receptor-mediated cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Krueger
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge MA (USA), Fax: (+) 1 617 452 2419
| | - Carsten Kroll
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge MA (USA), Fax: (+) 1 617 452 2419
| | - Edgar Sanchez
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge MA (USA)
| | - Linda G. Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge MA (USA)
| | - Barbara Imperiali
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge MA (USA), Fax: (+) 1 617 452 2419
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Krueger AT, Kroll C, Sanchez E, Griffith LG, Imperiali B. Tailoring Chimeric Ligands for Studying and Biasing ErbB Receptor Family Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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10
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Abstract
Standard genetic approaches allow the production of protein composites by fusion of polypeptides in head-to-tail fashion. Some applications would benefit from constructions that are genetically impossible, such as the site-specific linkage of proteins via their N or C termini, when a remaining free terminus is required for biological activity. We developed a method for the production of N-to-N and C-to-C dimers, with full retention of the biological activity of both fusion partners and without inflicting chemical damage on the proteins to be joined. We use sortase A to install on the N or C terminus of proteins of interest the requisite modifications to execute a strain-promoted copper-free cycloaddition and show that the ensuing ligation proceeds efficiently. Applied here to protein-protein fusions, the method reported can be extended to connecting proteins with any entity of interest.
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