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Hunter NH, Thomas CM. Polarized metal-metal multiple bonding and reactivity of phosphinoamide-bridged heterobimetallic group IV/cobalt compounds. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:15764-15781. [PMID: 39224084 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt02064b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Heterobimetallic complexes are studied for their ability to mimic biological systems as well as active sites in heterogeneous catalysts. While specific interest in early/late heterobimetallic systems has fluctuated, they serve as important models to fundamentally understand metal-metal bonding. Specifically, the polarized metal-metal multiple bonds formed in highly reduced early/late heterobimetallic complexes exemplify how each metal modulates the electronic environment and reactivity of the complex as a whole. In this Perspective, we chronicle the development of phosphinoamide-supported group IV/cobalt heterobimetallic complexes. This combination of metals allows access to a low valent Co-I center, which performs a rich variety of bond activation reactions when coupled with the pendent Lewis acidic metal center. Conversely, the low valent late transition metal is also observed to act as an electron reservoir, allowing for redox processes to occur at the d0 group IV metal site. Most of the bond activation reactions carried out by phosphinoamide-bridged M/Co-I (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) complexes are facilitated by cleavage of metal-metal multiple bonds, which serve as readily accessible electron reservoirs. Comparative studies in which both the number of buttressing ligands as well as the identity of the early metal were varied to give a library of heterobimetallic complexes are summarized, providing a thorough understanding of the reactivity of M/Co-I heterobimetallic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael H Hunter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W, 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Christine M Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W, 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Beach SA, Rheingold AL, Doerrer LH. Comparison of {O,S}- vs {N,S}-donor ligands in PtNi heterobimetallic lantern complexes. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Márquez A, Ávila E, Urbaneja C, Álvarez E, Palma P, Cámpora J. Copper(I) Complexes of Zwitterionic Imidazolium-2-Amidinates, a Promising Class of Electroneutral, Amidinate-Type Ligands. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:11007-17. [PMID: 26517572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first complexes containing imidazolium-2-amidinates as ligands (betaine-type adducts of imidazolium-based carbenes and carbodiimides, NHC-CDI) are reported. Interaction of the sterically hindered betaines ICyCDI(DiPP) and IMeCDI(DiPP) [both bearing 2,6-diisopropylphenyl (DiPP) substituents on the terminal N atoms] with Cu(I) acetate affords mononuclear, electroneutral complexes 1a and 1b, which contain NHC-CDI and acetate ligands terminally bound to linear Cu(I) centers. In contrast, the less encumbered ligand ICyCDI(p-Tol), with p-tolyl substituents on the nitrogen donor atoms, affords a dicationic trigonal paddlewheel complex, [Cu2(μ-ICyCDI(p-Tol))3](2+)[OAc(-)]2 (2-OAc). The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) resonances of this compound are broad and indicate that in solution the acetate anion and the betaine ligands compete for binding the Cu atom. Replacing the external acetate with the less coordinating tetraphenylborate anion provides the corresponding derivative 2-BPh4 that, in contrast with 2-OAc, gives rise to sharp and well-defined NMR spectra. The short Cu-Cu distance in the binuclear dication [Cu2(μ-ICyCDI(p-Tol))3](2+) observed in the X-ray structures of 2-BPh4 and 2-OAc, ca. 2.42 Å, points to a relatively strong "cuprophilic" interaction. Attempts to force the bridging coordination mode of IMeCDI(DiPP) displacing the acetate anion with BPh4(-) led to the isolation of the cationic mononuclear derivative [Cu(IMeCDI(DiPP))2](+)[BPh4](-) (3b) that contains two terminally bound betaine ligands. Compound 3b readily decomposes upon being heated, cleanly affording the bis-carbene complex [Cu(IMe)2](+)[BPh4(-)] (4) and releasing the corresponding carbodiimide (C(═N-DiPP)2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Márquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla , C/Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elena Ávila
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla , C/Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Urbaneja
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla , C/Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eleuterio Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla , C/Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pilar Palma
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla , C/Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Cámpora
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla , C/Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Krogman JP, Thomas CM. Metal–metal multiple bonding in C3-symmetric bimetallic complexes of the first row transition metals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:5115-27. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47537a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Stokes FA, Vincent MA, Hillier IH, Ronson TK, Steiner A, Wheatley AEH, Wood PT, Wright DS. Reactions of Cp2M (M = Ni, V) with dilithium diamido-aryl reagents; retention and oxidation of the transition metal ions. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:13923-30. [PMID: 23925263 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51632f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of dilithium 1,2-diamidobenzene, [1,2-(HN)2C6H4]Li2 (L(1)H2)Li2, and dilithium 1,8-diamidonaphthalene, [1,8-(NH)2C10H6]Li2 (L(2)H2)Li2, with Cp2Ni and Cp2V have been used to obtain the new complexes (L(2)H2)2Ni{Li(THF)2}2 (3), (L(2)H2)3V{Li(THF)2}3 (4) and (L(1)H2)6Ni6·{[(L(1)H2)3(L(1)H)3Ni6Li(THF)](2-)·2[Li(THF)4](+)} (5), in which retention or oxidation of the initial metal(ii) centre is observed. Whereas 3 and 4 contain one transition metal ion within ion-paired structures, 5 has a complicated co-crystalline composition which contains octahedral Ni6-cages constructed from six square-planar (16e) Ni(II) centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca A Stokes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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Andreychuk NR, Ilango S, Vidjayacoumar B, Emslie DJH, Jenkins HA. Uranium(IV) Alkyl Complexes of a Rigid Dianionic NON-Donor Ligand: Synthesis and Quantitative Alkyl Exchange Reactions with Alkyllithium Reagents. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om301136f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Andreychuk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical
Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Sougandi Ilango
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical
Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Balamurugan Vidjayacoumar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical
Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - David J. H. Emslie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical
Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Hilary A. Jenkins
- McMaster University Analytical X-ray Diffraction Facility, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street
West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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Edelmann FT. Recent Progress in the Chemistry of Metal Amidinates and Guanidinates. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407692-1.00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Stokes FA, Kloo L, Lv Y, Harford PJ, Wheatley AEH, Wright DS. The redox effect of the [1,2-(NH)2C6H4]2- ligand in the formation of transition metal compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11298-300. [PMID: 22930152 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35213c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of the [1,2-(NH)(2)C(6)H(4)](2-) dianion (LH(2)(2-)) with Cp(2)M(II) (M = V, Mn) lead to complete or partial oxidation of the metals (M), giving the V(III) compound [(η(5)-Cp)(LH(2))(2)VV(LH(2))](-)[Li(THF)(4)](+) (1) and Mn(II)(4)Mn(III)(2) oxo cage [Mn(6)(LH(2))(6)(μ(6)-O)(THF)(4)] (2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca A Stokes
- Chemistry Department, Cambridge University, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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