1
|
Bi WJ, Lan ZX, Wang XC, Cheng YX, Jiang JB. Design and synthesis of photoaffinity-based probes for labeling β-glucuronidase. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106909. [PMID: 37832221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucuronidase (GUSB) plays an important role in human physiological and pathological activities. The activity level of GUSB is closely related to human health and diseases. It is imperative to detect the activity of GUSB for related disease diagnosis and treatment. However, exactly evaluating the activity of GUSB in complicated biological system remains a challenge. In this study, we developed photoaffinity-based probes (AfBPs) equipped with photosensitive benzophenone group for labeling active GUSB. Through molecule docking, we predicted the binding model of the AfBPs and GUSB, and the obtained results suggested thermodynamically favorable binding. The AfBPs indicated high efficiency and showed dose-/time-dependent labeling of Escherichia coli (E. coli) GUSB. The application of AfBPs toward GUSB provides a powerful tool to study the activity of target enzymes and contributes to huge potential of enzyme inhibitor discovery and biomedical diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Bi
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Zhi-Xin Lan
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Xue-Chun Wang
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
| | - Jian-Bing Jiang
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Malarney KP, Chang PV. Chemoproteomic Approaches for Unraveling Prokaryotic Biology. Isr J Chem 2023; 63:e202200076. [PMID: 37842282 PMCID: PMC10575470 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are ubiquitous lifeforms with important roles in the environment, biotechnology, and human health. Many of the functions that bacteria perform are mediated by proteins and enzymes, which catalyze metabolic transformations of small molecules and modifications of proteins. To better understand these biological processes, chemical proteomic approaches, including activity-based protein profiling, have been developed to interrogate protein function and enzymatic activity in physiologically relevant contexts. Here, chemoproteomic strategies and technological advances for studying bacterial physiology, pathogenesis, and metabolism are discussed. The development of chemoproteomic approaches for characterizing protein function and enzymatic activity within bacteria remains an active area of research, and continued innovations are expected to provide breakthroughs in understanding bacterial biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kien P Malarney
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (USA)
| | - Pamela V Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (USA)
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (USA)
- Cornell Center for Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (USA)
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (USA)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fang H, Peng B, Ong SY, Wu Q, Li L, Yao SQ. Recent advances in activity-based probes (ABPs) and affinity-based probes (A fBPs) for profiling of enzymes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8288-8310. [PMID: 34221311 PMCID: PMC8221178 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01359a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is a technique that uses highly selective active-site targeted chemical probes to label and monitor the state of proteins. ABPP integrates the strengths of both chemical and biological disciplines. By utilizing chemically synthesized or modified bioactive molecules, ABPP is able to reveal complex physiological and pathological enzyme-substrate interactions at molecular and cellular levels. It is also able to provide critical information of the catalytic activity changes of enzymes, annotate new functions of enzymes, discover new substrates of enzymes, and allow real-time monitoring of the cellular location of enzymes. Based on the mechanism of probe-enzyme interaction, two types of probes that have been used in ABPP are activity-based probes (ABPs) and affinity-based probes (AfBPs). This review highlights the recent advances in the use of ABPs and AfBPs, and summarizes their design strategies (based on inhibitors and substrates) and detection approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haixiao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
| | - Sing Yee Ong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 4 Science Drive 2 117544 Singapore
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 4 Science Drive 2 117544 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yamaguchi T. [Development of a Novel Affinity Labeling Method for Target Identification of Bioactive Small Molecules]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2020; 139:1513-1521. [PMID: 31787638 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.19-00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Target identification (target-ID) is an important step in elucidating the mechanisms of action of bioactive small molecules. In the past few decades, a number of target-ID methods have been developed. Among these, affinity labeling has been reliably used for specific modifications, as well as for the identification of weakly interacting protein targets, membrane-associated protein targets, and target-interacting proteins under native cellular conditions, which are generally difficult to achieve by conventional pull-down methods. In general, affinity labeling utilizes chemical probes composed of a bioactive small molecule, a reactive group, and a detection unit. However, the design and synthesis of highly functionalized chemical probes is often time-consuming. To address this issue, we have recently developed some simple affinity labeling methods using small fluorogenic tags, such as 4-alkoxy-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (O-NBD), 2,3-dichloromaleimide (diCMI), and 4-azidophthalimide (AzPI), and successfully achieved the specific fluorescent labeling of target proteins, even in living cells. These methods should be useful for target-ID in phenotypic drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takao Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
An overview of activity-based probes for glycosidases. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 53:25-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
6
|
Hosoya T, Yoshida S, Nishiyama Y, Misawa Y, Hazama Y, Oya K. Synthesis of Diverse 3-Azido-5-(azidomethyl)benzene Derivatives via Formal C–H Azidation and Functional Group-Selective Transformations. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(f)72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
7
|
Yoshida S. Controlled Reactive Intermediates Enabling Facile Molecular Conjugation. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yoshida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharifzadeh S, Shirley JD, Carlson EE. Activity-Based Protein Profiling Methods to Study Bacteria: The Power of Small-Molecule Electrophiles. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2018; 420:23-48. [PMID: 30232601 DOI: 10.1007/82_2018_135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ABPP methods have been utilized for the last two decades as a means to investigate complex proteomes in all three domains of life. Extensive use in eukaryotes has provided a more fundamental understanding of the biological processes involved in numerous diseases and has driven drug discovery and treatment campaigns. However, the use of ABPP in prokaryotes has been less common, although it has gained more attention over the last decade. The urgent need for understanding bacteriophysiology and bacterial pathogenicity at a foundational level has never been more apparent, as the rise in antibiotic resistance has resulted in the inadequate and ineffective treatment of infections. This is not only a result of resistance to clinically used antibiotics, but also a lack of new drugs and equally as important, new drug targets. ABPP provides a means for which new, clinically relevant drug targets may be identified through gaining insight into biological processes. In this chapter, we place particular focus on the discussion of ABPP strategies that have been applied to study different classes of bacterial enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Sharifzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Joshua D Shirley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Erin E Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu Y, Fredrickson JK, Sadler NC, Nandhikonda P, Smith RD, Wright AT. Advancing understanding of microbial bioenergy conversion processes by activity-based protein profiling. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:156. [PMID: 26413155 PMCID: PMC4582708 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of renewable biofuels is a global priority, but success will require novel technologies that greatly improve our understanding of microbial systems biology. An approach with great promise in enabling functional characterization of microbes is activity-based protein profiling (ABPP), which employs chemical probes to directly measure enzyme function in discrete enzyme classes in vivo and/or in vitro, thereby facilitating the rapid discovery of new biocatalysts and enabling much improved biofuel production platforms. We review general design strategies in ABPP, and highlight recent advances that are or could be pivotal to biofuels processes including applications of ABPP to cellulosic bioethanol, biodiesel, and phototrophic production of hydrocarbons. We also examine the key challenges and opportunities of ABPP in renewable biofuels research. The integration of ABPP with molecular and systems biology approaches will shed new insight on the catalytic and regulatory mechanisms of functional enzymes and their synergistic effects in the field of biofuels production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- />Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - James K. Fredrickson
- />Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, MSIN J4-02, Box 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - Natalie C. Sadler
- />Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, MSIN J4-02, Box 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - Premchendar Nandhikonda
- />Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, MSIN J4-02, Box 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - Richard D. Smith
- />Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, MSIN J4-02, Box 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - Aaron T. Wright
- />Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, MSIN J4-02, Box 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Willems LI, Jiang J, Li KY, Witte MD, Kallemeijn WW, Beenakker TJN, Schröder SP, Aerts JMFG, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC, Overkleeft HS. From Covalent Glycosidase Inhibitors to Activity-Based Glycosidase Probes. Chemistry 2014; 20:10864-72. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
12
|
Yoshida S, Misawa Y, Hosoya T. Formal C-H-Azidation - Based Shortcut to Diazido Building Blocks for the Versatile Preparation of Photoaffinity Labeling Probes. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
13
|
Stubbs KA. Activity-based proteomics probes for carbohydrate-processing enzymes: current trends and future outlook. Carbohydr Res 2014; 390:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
14
|
Recent advances in target characterization and identification by photoaffinity probes. Molecules 2013; 18:10425-51. [PMID: 23994969 PMCID: PMC6270116 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180910425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Target identification of biologically active molecules such as natural products, synthetic small molecules, peptides, and oligonucleotides mainly relies on affinity chromatography, activity-based probes, or photoaffinity labeling (PAL). Amongst them, activity-based probes and PAL have offered great advantages in target identification technology due to their ability to form covalent bonds with the corresponding targets. Activity-based probe technology mainly relies on the chemical reactivity of the target proteins, thereby limiting the majority of the biological targets to enzymes or proteins which display reactive residues at the probe-binding site. In general, the probes should bear a reactive moiety such as an epoxide, a Michael acceptor, or a reactive alkyl halide in their structures. On the other hand, photoaffinity probes (PAPs) are composed of a target-specific ligand and a photoactivatable functional group. When bound to the corresponding target proteins and activated with wavelength-specific light, PAPs generate highly reactive chemical species that covalently cross-link proximal amino acid residues. This process is better known as PAL and is widely employed to identify cellular targets of biologically active molecules. This review highlights recent advances in target identification by PAL, with a focus on the structure and chemistry of the photoaffinity probes developed in the recent decade, coupled to the target proteins identified using these probes.
Collapse
|
15
|
Chauvigné-Hines LM, Anderson LN, Weaver HM, Brown JN, Koech PK, Nicora CD, Hofstad BA, Smith RD, Wilkins MJ, Callister SJ, Wright AT. Suite of activity-based probes for cellulose-degrading enzymes. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:20521-32. [PMID: 23176123 PMCID: PMC3538167 DOI: 10.1021/ja309790w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microbial glycoside hydrolases play a dominant role in the biochemical conversion of cellulosic biomass to high-value biofuels. Anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria are capable of producing multicomplex catalytic subunits containing cell-adherent cellulases, hemicellulases, xylanases, and other glycoside hydrolases to facilitate the degradation of highly recalcitrant cellulose and other related plant cell wall polysaccharides. Clostridium thermocellum is a cellulosome-producing bacterium that couples rapid reproduction rates to highly efficient degradation of crystalline cellulose. Herein, we have developed and applied a suite of difluoromethylphenyl aglycone, N-halogenated glycosylamine, and 2-deoxy-2-fluoroglycoside activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) probes to the direct labeling of the C. thermocellum cellulosomal secretome. These activity-based probes (ABPs) were synthesized with alkynes to harness the utility and multimodal possibilities of click chemistry and to increase enzyme active site inclusion for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. We directly analyzed ABP-labeled and unlabeled global MS data, revealing ABP selectivity for glycoside hydrolase (GH) enzymes, in addition to a large collection of integral cellulosome-containing proteins. By identifying reactivity and selectivity profiles for each ABP, we demonstrate our ability to widely profile the functional cellulose-degrading machinery of the bacterium. Derivatization of the ABPs, including reactive groups, acetylation of the glycoside binding groups, and mono- and disaccharide binding groups, resulted in considerable variability in protein labeling. Our probe suite is applicable to aerobic and anaerobic microbial cellulose-degrading systems and facilitates a greater understanding of the organismal role associated with biofuel development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Holly M. Weaver
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington, 99352
| | - Joseph N. Brown
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington, 99352
| | - Phillip K. Koech
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington, 99352
| | - Carrie D. Nicora
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington, 99352
| | - Beth A. Hofstad
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington, 99352
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington, 99352
| | - Michael J. Wilkins
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington, 99352
| | - Stephen J. Callister
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington, 99352
| | - Aaron T. Wright
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington, 99352
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tandem photoaffinity labeling-bioorthogonal conjugation in medicinal chemistry. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6237-47. [PMID: 23026086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Photoaffinity labeling has a longstanding history as a powerful biochemical technique. However, photoaffinity labeling has significantly evolved over the past decade principally due to its coupling with bioorthogonal/click chemistry reactions. This review aims to highlight tandem photoaffinity labeling-bioorthogonal conjugation as a chemical approach in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology. In particular, recent examples of using this strategy for affinity-based protein profiling (AfBPP), drug target identification, binding ensemble profiling, studying endogenous biological molecules, and imaging applications will be presented. Additionally, recent advances in the development of 'all-in-one' compact moieties possessing a photoreactive group and clickable handle will be discussed.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Carbohydrates and carbohydrate-containing biomolecules engage in binding events that underlie many essential biological processes. Yet these carbohydrate-mediated interactions are often poorly characterized, due to their low affinities and heterogenous natures. The use of photocrosslinking functional groups offers a way to photochemically capture carbohydrate-containing complexes, which can be isolated for further analysis. Here we survey progress in the synthesis and use of carbohydrate-based photoprobes, reagents that incorporate carbohydrates or their analogs, photocrosslinking moieties, and affinity purification handles. Carbohydrate photoprobes, used in combination with modern mass spectrometry methods, can provide important new insights into the cellular roles of carbohydrates and glycosylated molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Ho Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9038
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Willems LI, van der Linden WA, Li N, Li KY, Liu N, Hoogendoorn S, van der Marel GA, Florea BI, Overkleeft HS. Bioorthogonal chemistry: applications in activity-based protein profiling. Acc Chem Res 2011; 44:718-29. [PMID: 21797256 DOI: 10.1021/ar200125k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The close interaction between organic chemistry and biology goes back to the late 18th century, when the modern natural sciences began to take shape. After synthetic organic chemistry arose as a discipline, organic chemists almost immediately began to pursue the synthesis of naturally occurring compounds, thereby contributing to the understanding of their functions in biological processes. Research in those days was often remarkably interdisciplinary; in fact, it constituted chemical biology research before the phrase even existed. For example, histological dyes, both of an organic and inorganic nature, were developed and applied by independent researchers (Gram and Golgi) with the aim of visualizing cellular substructures (the bacterial cell wall and the Golgi apparatus). Over the years, as knowledge within the various fields of the natural sciences deepened, research disciplines drifted apart, becoming rather monodisciplinary. In these years, broadly ranging from the end of World War II to about the 1980s, organic chemistry continued to impact life sciences research, but contributions were of a more indirect nature. As an example, the development of the polymerase chain reaction, from which molecular biology and genetics research have greatly profited, was partly predicated on the availability of synthetic oligonucleotides. These molecules first became available in the late 1960s, the result of organic chemists pursuing the synthesis of DNA oligomers primarily because of the synthetic challenges involved. Today, academic natural sciences research is again becoming more interdisciplinary, and sometimes even multidisciplinary. What was termed "chemical biology" by Stuart Schreiber at the end of the last century can be roughly described as the use of intellectually chemical approaches to shed light on processes that are fundamentally rooted in biology. Chemical tools and techniques that are developed for biological studies in the exciting and rapidly evolving field of chemical biology research include contributions from many areas of the multifaceted discipline of chemistry, and particularly from organic chemistry. Researchers apply knowledge inherent to organic chemistry, such as reactivity and selectivity, to the manipulation of specific biomolecules in biological samples (cell extracts, living cells, and sometimes even animal models) to gain insight into the biological phenomena in which these molecules participate. In this Account, we highlight some of the recent developments in chemical biology research driven by organic chemistry, with a focus on bioorthogonal chemistry in relation to activity-based protein profiling. The rigorous demands of bioorthogonality have not yet been realized in a truly bioorthogonal reagent pair, but remarkable progress has afforded a range of tangible contributions to chemical biology research. Activity-based protein profiling, which aims to obtain information on the workings of a protein (or protein family) within the larger context of the full biological system, has in particular benefited from these advances. Both activity-based protein profiling and bioorthogonal chemistry have been around for approximately 15 years, and about 8 years ago the two fields very profitably intersected. We expect that each discipline, both separately and in concert, will continue to make important contributions to chemical biology research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianne I. Willems
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter A. van der Linden
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nan Li
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kah-Yee Li
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nora Liu
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sascha Hoogendoorn
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs A. van der Marel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bogdan I. Florea
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Stütz AE, Wrodnigg TM. Imino sugars and glycosyl hydrolases: historical context, current aspects, emerging trends. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2011; 66:187-298. [PMID: 22123190 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385518-3.00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Forty years of discoveries and research on imino sugars, which are carbohydrate analogues having a basic nitrogen atom instead of oxygen in the sugar ring and, acting as potent glycosidase inhibitors, have made considerable impact on our contemporary understanding of glycosidases. Imino sugars have helped to elucidate the catalytic machinery of glycosidases and have refined our methods and concepts of utilizing them. A number of new aspects have emerged for employing imino sugars as pharmaceutical compounds, based on their profound effects on metabolic activities in which glycosidases are involved. From the digestion of starch to the fight against viral infections, from research into malignant diseases to potential improvements in hereditary storage disorders, glycosidase action and inhibition are essential issues. This account aims at combining general developments with a focus on some niches where imino sugars have become useful tools for glycochemistry and glycobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnold E Stütz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Witte MD, van der Marel GA, Aerts JMFG, Overkleeft HS. Irreversible inhibitors and activity-based probes as research tools in chemical glycobiology. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:5908-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05531c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|