Donakowski MD, Görne A, Vaughey JT, Poeppelmeier KR. AgNa(VO2F2)2: a trioxovanadium fluoride with unconventional electrochemical properties.
J Am Chem Soc 2013;
135:9898-906. [PMID:
23796147 DOI:
10.1021/ja404189t]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We present structural and electrochemical analyses of a new double-wolframite compound: AgNa(VO2F2)2 or SSVOF. SSVOF is fully ordered and displays electrochemical characteristics that give insight into electrode design for energy storage beyond lithium-ion chemistries. The compound contains trioxovanadium fluoride octahedra that combine to form one-dimensional chain-like basic building units, characteristic of wolframite (NaWO4). The 1D chains are stacked to create 2D layers; the cations Ag(+) and Na(+) lie between these layers. The vanadium oxide-fluoride octahedra are ordered by the use of cations (Ag(+), Na(+)) that differ in polarizability. In the case of sodium-ion batteries, thermodynamically, the use of a sodium anode introduces a 300 mV loss in overall cell voltage as compared to a lithium anode; however, this can be counter-balanced by introduction of fluoride into the framework to raise the reduction potentials via an inductive effect. This allows sodium-ion batteries to have comparable voltages to lithium systems. With SSVOF as a baseline compound, we have identified new materials design rules for emerging sodium-ion systems that do not apply to lithium-ion systems. These strategies can be applied broadly to provide materials of interest for fundamental structural chemistry and appreciable voltages for sodium-ion electrochemistry.
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