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Shamraiz U, Ahmad Z, Raza B, Badshah A, Ullah S, Nadeem MA. CaO-Promoted Graphene-Supported Palladium Nanocrystals as a Universal Electrocatalyst for Direct Liquid Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:4396-4404. [PMID: 31904922 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present the fabrication of a reduced graphene oxide-supported PdCa (PdCa/rGO) alloyed catalyst via a NaBH4 reduction method for direct alcohol fuel cells in basic medium and direct formic acid fuel cells in acidic medium. Powder X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and Raman spectroscopy are used to characterize the PdCa/rGO catalyst. We proved that the calcium oxide significantly enhances the electrocatalytic methanol, ethanol, and formic acid oxidation over the Pd/rGO surface. The obtained mass activities for PdCa/rGO are 4838.06, 4674.70, and 3906.49 mA mg-1 for formic acid, methanol, and ethanol, respectively. Long-term stability, high activity, and high level of tolerance to CO poisoning of the PdCa/rGO electrocatalyst are attributed to the presence of calcium oxide. These results prove that the PdCa/rGO catalyst has improved electrocatalytic performance for the oxidation of formic acid, methanol, and ethanol with reference to the Pd/rGO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Shamraiz
- Department of Chemistry , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad 45320 , Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad 45320 , Pakistan
| | - Bareera Raza
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiatong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Amin Badshah
- Department of Chemistry , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad 45320 , Pakistan
| | - Sajid Ullah
- Department of Chemistry , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad 45320 , Pakistan
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Ezeta-Mejía A, Montes de Oca-Yemha MG, Arce-Estrada EM, Romero-Romo M, Palomar-Pardavé M. Nanostructured Catalysts Synthesized by High-Energy Mechanical Alloying for Formic Acid Electrochemical Oxidation. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-017-0404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ali H, Kanodarwala FK, Majeed I, Stride JA, Nadeem MA. La 2O 3 Promoted Pd/rGO Electro-catalysts for Formic Acid Oxidation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32581-32590. [PMID: 27933814 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High activity, a low rate of CO poisoning, and long-term stability of Pd electro-catalysts are necessary for practical use as an anode material in direct formic acid fuel cells. Achieving a high degree of Pd nanoparticle dispersion on a carbon support, without agglomeration, while maintaining a facile electron transfer through the catalyst surface are two challenging tasks to be overcome in fulfilling this aim. Herein, we report the effect of addition of La/La-oxides on the efficiency of Pd nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for formic acid electro-oxidation reaction. A series of electro-catalysts with different Pd-La molar ratios were successfully synthesized and characterized using a range of techniques including PXRD, XPS, TEM, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy and then tested as anode materials for direct formic acid fuel cells. We explore that the lanthanum species (La/La-oxide) significantly promote the activity and stability of Pd catalyst toward electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid. The metallic ratio is found to be critical, and the activity order of various catalysts is observed as follows; Pd30La70/rGO > Pd80La20/rGO > Pd70La30 rGO. The obtained mass specific activity for Pd30La70/rGO (986.42 A/g) is 2.18 times higher than that for Pd/rGO (451 A/g) and 16 times higher than that for Pd/C (61.5 A/g) at given onset peak potentials. The high activity and stability of the electro-catalysts are attributed to the uniform dispersion of Pd nanoparticles over the rGO support, as evidenced from TEM images. It is believed that the role of La species in promoting the catalyst activity is to disperse the catalyst particles during synthesis and to facilitate the electron transfer via providing a suitable pathway during electrochemical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ali
- Catalysis and Nanomaterials Lab 27, Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Fehmida K Kanodarwala
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Imran Majeed
- Catalysis and Nanomaterials Lab 27, Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - John Arron Stride
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Muhammad Arif Nadeem
- Catalysis and Nanomaterials Lab 27, Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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Humphrey JJL, Sadasivan S, Plana D, Celorrio V, Tooze RA, Fermín DJ. Surface activation of Pt nanoparticles synthesised by "hot injection" in the presence of oleylamine. Chemistry 2015; 21:12694-701. [PMID: 26201954 PMCID: PMC4676288 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oleylamine (OA) based "hot injection" colloidal synthesis offers a versatile approach to the synthesis of highly monodisperse metallic and multi-metallic alloyed nanostructures in the absence of potentially toxic and unstable phosphine compounds. For application in heterogeneous catalysis and electrocatalysis, the adsorbed OA species at the metal surfaces should be effectively removed without compromising the structure and composition of the nanostructures. Herein, we investigate the removal of OA from colloidal Pt nanoparticles through 1) "chemical methods" such as washing in acetic acid or ethanol, and ligand exchange with pyridine; and 2) thermal pre-treatment between 185 and 400 °C in air, H2 or Ar atmospheres. The electrochemical reactivity of Pt nanoparticles is acutely affected by the presence of surface organic impurities, making this material ideal for monitoring the effectiveness of OA removal. The results showed that thermal treatment in Ar at temperatures above 400 °C provides highly active particles, with reactivity comparable to the benchmark commercial catalyst, Pt/ETEK. The mechanism involved in thermal desorption of OA was also investigated by thermogravimetric analysis coupled to mass spectrometry (TGA-MS). Oxidation of HCOOH and adsorbed CO in acidic solution were used as test reactions to assess the Pt electrocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo J L Humphrey
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantocks Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS (UK), Fax: (+44) 117-927-7985
| | - Sajanikumari Sadasivan
- Sasol Technology UK Ltd. Purdie Building, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, KY16 9ST (UK)
| | - Daniela Plana
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantocks Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS (UK), Fax: (+44) 117-927-7985
| | - Verónica Celorrio
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantocks Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS (UK), Fax: (+44) 117-927-7985
| | - Robert A Tooze
- Sasol Technology UK Ltd. Purdie Building, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, KY16 9ST (UK)
| | - David J Fermín
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantocks Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS (UK), Fax: (+44) 117-927-7985.
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Lee SY, Jung N, Cho J, Park HY, Ryu J, Jang I, Kim HJ, Cho E, Park YH, Ham HC, Jang JH, Yoo SJ. Surface-Rearranged Pd3Au/C Nanocatalysts by Using CO-Induced Segregation for Formic Acid Oxidation Reactions. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs500227j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Young Lee
- Fuel
Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, Korea
- Department
of Fusion Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Korea
| | - Namgee Jung
- Fuel
Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Jinwon Cho
- Fuel
Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Hee-Young Park
- Fuel
Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Jaeyune Ryu
- Fuel
Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Injoon Jang
- Fuel
Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Juhn Kim
- Fuel
Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - EunAe Cho
- Fuel
Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Yeung-Ho Park
- Department
of Fusion Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Korea
| | - Hyung Chul Ham
- Fuel
Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Jang
- Fuel
Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, Korea
| | - Sung Jong Yoo
- Fuel
Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, Korea
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Rodriguez P, Plana D, Fermin DJ, Koper MT. New insights into the catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles for CO oxidation in electrochemical media. J Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nassr ABAA, Quetschke A, Koslowski E, Bron M. Electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid on Pd/MWCNTs nanocatalysts prepared by the polyol method. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Plana D, Humphrey JJL, Bradley KA, Celorrio V, Fermín DJ. Charge transport across high surface area metal/diamond nanostructured composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:2985-2990. [PMID: 23510528 DOI: 10.1021/am302397p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
High surface area composites featuring metal nanostructures and diamond particles have generated a lot of interest in the fields of heterogeneous catalysis, electrocatalysis, and sensors. Diamond surfaces provide a chemically robust framework for active nanostructures in comparison with sp(2) carbon supports. The present paper investigates the charge transport properties of high surface area films of high-pressure, high-temperature diamond particles in the presence and absence of metal nanostructures, employing electrochemical field-effect transistors. Oxygen- and hydrogen-terminated surfaces were generated on 500 nm diamond powders. Homogeneously distributed metal nanostructures, with metal volume fractions between ca. 5 and 20%, were either nucleated at the diamond particles by impregnation or incorporated from colloidal solution. Electrochemical field-effect transistor measurements, employing interdigitated electrodes, allowed the determination of composite conductivity as a function of electrode potential, as well as in air. In the absence of metal nanostructures, the lateral conductivity of the diamond assemblies in air is increased by over one order of magnitude upon hydrogenation of the particle surface. This observation is consistent with studies at diamond single crystals, although the somewhat modest change in conductivity suggests that charge transport is not only determined by the intrinsic surface conductivity of individual diamond particles but also by particle-to-particle charge transfer. Interestingly, the latter contribution effectively controls the assembly conductivity in the presence of an electrolyte solution as the difference between hydrogenated and oxygenated particles vanishes. The conductivity in the presence of metal nanoparticles is mainly determined by the metal volume fraction, while diamond surface termination and the presence of electrolyte solutions exert only minor effects. The experimental trends are discussed in terms of the electrochemical formation of charge carriers in the diamond particles, percolation theory, and charge screening at the double layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Plana
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantocks Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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Rabis A, Rodriguez P, Schmidt TJ. Electrocatalysis for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: Recent Achievements and Future Challenges. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs3000864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 666] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annett Rabis
- Electrochemistry Laboratory,
General Energy Research Department, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Paramaconi Rodriguez
- Electrochemistry Laboratory,
General Energy Research Department, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas J. Schmidt
- Electrochemistry Laboratory,
General Energy Research Department, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry,
Electrochemistry Group, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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