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Reversible Diels–Alder Addition to Fullerenes: A Study of Dimethylanthracene with H2@C60. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101667. [PMID: 35630891 PMCID: PMC9144212 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The study of isolated atoms or molecules inside a fullerene cavity provides a unique environment. It is likely to control the outer carbon cage and study the isolated species when molecules or atoms are trapped inside a fullerene. We report the Diels–Alder addition reaction of 9,10-dimethyl anthracene (DMA) to H2@C60 while 1H NMR spectroscopy is utilized to characterize the Diels–Alder reaction of the DMA with the fullerene. Through 1H NMR spectroscopy, a series of isomeric adducts are identified. The obtained peaks are sharp, precise, and straightforward. Moreover, in this paper, H2@C60 and its isomers are described for the first time.
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2
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Hashikawa Y, Li H, Murata Y. Reactions of C 60 with Pyridazine and Phthalazine. Chemistry 2021; 27:7507-7511. [PMID: 33797148 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cage-opened bisfulleroids are one of suitable building blocks for making a large hole on fullerenes. This work focuses on the Diels-Alder reaction of C60 with azines, among synthetic methods developed thus far, to provide bisfulleroids. Surprisingly, the computational study predicted that the reaction proceeds with normal electron demand in contrast to hitherto considered inverse-electron-demand pathway. The benzoannulation to the pyridazine ring, i. e., phthalazine, resulted in the remarkably shortened reaction time due to the better interaction between the HOMO of phthalazine and the LUMO of C60 as well as stronger 2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene character in the phthalazine as confirmed crystallographically. Contrary to expectations, the benzobisfulleroid was converted into corresponding orifice-enlarged derivative via the photooxygenation slightly faster than the fulleroid derived from pyridazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Hashikawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hui Li
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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3
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Yamada M, Ishitsuka A, Maeda Y, Suzuki M, Sato H. Copper-Mediated Cascade Synthesis of Open-Cage Fullerenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:3633-3636. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
| | - Asumi Ishitsuka
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
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4
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Castro E, Artigas A, Pla-Quintana A, Roglans A, Liu F, Perez F, Lledó A, Zhu XY, Echegoyen L. Enhanced Open-Circuit Voltage in Perovskite Solar Cells with Open-Cage [60]Fullerene Derivatives as Electron-Transporting Materials. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12081314. [PMID: 31018500 PMCID: PMC6515431 DOI: 10.3390/ma12081314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and incorporation of open-cage [60]fullerene derivatives as electron-transporting materials (ETMs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with an inverted planar (p-i-n) structure is reported. Following optical and electrochemical characterization of the open-cage fullerenes 2a–c, p-i-n PSCs with a indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/perovskite/fullerene/Ag structure were prepared. The devices obtained from 2a–b exhibit competitive power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and improved open-circuit voltage (Voc) values (>1.0 V) in comparison to a reference cell based on phenyl-C61-butyric-acid methyl-ester (PC61BM). These results are rationalized in terms of a) the higher passivation ability of the open-cage fullerenes with respect to the other fullerenes, and b) a good overlap between the highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO/LUMO) levels of 2a–b and the conduction band of the perovskite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison Castro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Albert Artigas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Department de Química, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Catalonia Spain.
| | - Anna Pla-Quintana
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Department de Química, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Catalonia Spain.
| | - Anna Roglans
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Department de Química, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Catalonia Spain.
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Frank Perez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Agustí Lledó
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Department de Química, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Catalonia Spain.
| | - X-Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
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5
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Expeditious Preparation of Open-Cage Fullerenes by Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Diynes and C60
: An Experimental and Theoretical Study. Chemistry 2018; 24:10653-10661. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Hashikawa Y, Murata M, Wakamiya A, Murata Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclization: Regioselectivity and Structure of Arene-Fused C60 Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16350-16358. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Hashikawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Michihisa Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Sikorska C, Puzyn T. The performance of selected semi-empirical and DFT methods in studying C₆₀ fullerene derivatives. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:455702. [PMID: 26472593 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/45/455702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The capability of reproducing the open circuit voltages (V(oc)) of 15 representative C60 fullerene derivatives was tested using the selected quantum mechanical methods (B3LYP, PM6, and PM7) together with the two one-electron basis sets. Certain theoretical treatments (e.g. PM6) were found to be satisfactory for preliminary estimates of the open circuit voltages (V(oc)), whereas the use of the B3LYP/6-31G(d) approach has been proven to assure highly accurate results. We also examined the structural similarity of 19 fullerene derivatives by employing principle component analysis (PCA). In order to express the structural features of the studied compounds we used molecular descriptors calculated with semi-empirical (PM6 and PM7) and density functional (B3LYP/6-31G(d)) methods separately. In performing PCA, we noticed that semi-empirical methods (i.e. PM6 and PM7) seem satisfactory for molecules, in which one can distinguish the aromatic and the aliphatic parts in the cyclopropane ring of PCBM (phenyl-C61-buteric acid methyl ester) and they significantly overestimate the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (E(HOMO)). The use of the B3LYP functional, however, is recommended for studying methanofullerenes, which closely resemble the structure of PCBM, and for their modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Sikorska
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemometrics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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Inada Y, Amaya T, Hirao T. Investigation of thresholds in laser-induced carbonization of sumanene derivatives through in situ observation utilizing a Raman spectroscope. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00747j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A practical and useful method was proposed and demonstrated through in situ observation utilizing a Raman spectroscope to systematically investigate the energy thresholds in the laser-induced carbonization of the compounds including sumanene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhi Inada
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Toru Amaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Toshikazu Hirao
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
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Banya S, Akiyama T, Matsumoto T, Fujita K, Oku T. Facile Fabrication and Photovoltaic Application of [60]Fullerene Assembly Films Formed by Reaction between Fullerene and Amines. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20140121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoto Banya
- Department of Materials Science, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture
| | - Tsuyoshi Akiyama
- Department of Materials Science, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture
| | - Taisuke Matsumoto
- Department of Materials Science, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture
| | - Katsuhiko Fujita
- Institute of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Takeo Oku
- Department of Materials Science, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture
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Piotrowski P, Zarębska K, Skompska M, Kaim A. Electrodeposition and Properties of Donor-Acceptor Double-Cable Polythiophene with High Content of Pendant Fulleropyrrolidine Moieties. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.09.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Liu S, Gan L. Aniline Induced Domino Ring Contraction Process on the Rim of an Open-Cage Fullerene with Carbonyl, Imino and Iactone Moieties. CHINESE J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Chen CS, Lin YF, Yeh WY. Activation of Open-Cage Fullerenes with Ruthenium Carbonyl Clusters. Chemistry 2014; 20:936-40. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Kokubo K, Masuda H, Ikuma N, Mikie T, Oshima T. Synthesis and characterization of new acetalized [60]fullerenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Morinaka Y, Nobori M, Murata M, Wakamiya A, Sagawa T, Yoshikawa S, Murata Y. Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of acceptor materials based on the dimerization of fullerene C60 for use in efficient polymer solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:3670-2. [PMID: 23535907 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41084f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that dimeric fullerene derivatives work as an excellent n-type material for polymer solar cells in combination with P3HT or PTB7, showing the best PCE of 3.3% or 6.1%, respectively. The device performance was influenced by the position of the two C60 moieties linked together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Morinaka
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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15
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Wang T, Liao X, Wang J, Wang C, Chan MY, Yam VWW. Indan-C60: from a crystalline molecule to photovoltaic application. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:9923-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46252h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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16
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Matsuo Y. Design Concept for High-LUMO-level Fullerene Electron-acceptors for Organic Solar Cells. CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2012.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo
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17
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Kennedy RD, Halim M, Khan SI, Schwartz BJ, Tolbert SH, Rubin Y. Crystal-Packing Trends for a Series of 6,9,12,15,18-Pentaaryl-1-hydro[60]fullerenes. Chemistry 2012; 18:7418-33. [PMID: 22573530 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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18
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Zhou H, Yang L, You W. Rational Design of High Performance Conjugated Polymers for Organic Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201648t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1332] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaxing Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Liqiang Yang
- Curriculum in Applied Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3287, United States
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
- Curriculum in Applied Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3287, United States
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19
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Meng X, Zhang W, Tan Z, Du C, Li C, Bo Z, Li Y, Yang X, Zhen M, Jiang F, Zheng J, Wang T, Jiang L, Shu C, Wang C. Dihydronaphthyl-based [60]fullerene bisadducts for efficient and stable polymer solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:425-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc15508c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Matsuo Y. Fullerene Derivatives Having High LUMO Levels for the Usage in Organic Thin-film Photovoltaic Cells. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2012. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.70.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Kitaura S, Kurotobi K, Sato M, Takano Y, Umeyama T, Imahori H. Effects of dihydronaphthyl-based [60]fullerene bisadduct regioisomers on polymer solar cell performance. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:8550-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34078j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Matsuo Y, Ozu A, Obata N, Fukuda N, Tanaka H, Nakamura E. Deterioration of bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices by a minute amount of oxidized fullerene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:3878-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc30262d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Yu Y, Xie X, Zhang T, Liu S, Shao Y, Gan L, Li Y. Synthesis of 18-Membered Open-Cage Fullerenes through Controlled Stepwise Fullerene Skeleton Bond Cleavage Processes and Substituent-Mediated Tuning of the Redox Potential of Open-Cage Fullerenes. J Org Chem 2011; 76:10148-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jo202014q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | | | - Yuanhua Shao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liangbing Gan
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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