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Li R, Yoc-Bautista MG, Weng S, Cai Z, Zhao B, Cronin SB. Voltage-Induced Inversion of Band Bending and Photovoltages at Semiconductor/Liquid Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9355-9361. [PMID: 38319802 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
At semiconductor/liquid interfaces, the surface potential and photovoltages are produced by a combination of band bending and quasi-Fermi-level splitting at the semiconductor surface, which are usually treated in a qualitative fashion. As such, it is important to develop quantitative metrics for the band energies and photovoltaics at these interfaces. Here, we present a spectroscopic method for monitoring the photovoltages produced at semiconductor/liquid junctions. The surface reporter molecule mercaptobenzonitrile (MBN) is functionalized on the photoelectrode surface (p-type silicon) and is measured using in situ surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy with a water immersion lens under electrochemical working conditions. In particular, the vibrational frequency of the C≡N stretch mode (ωCN) around 2225 cm-1 is sensitive to the local electric field in solution at the electrode/electrolyte interface via the vibrational Stark effect. Over the applied potential range from -0.8 to 0.6 V vs Ag/AgCl, we observe ωCN to increase from 2220 to 2229 cm-1 (at low laser power). As the incident laser power is increased from 83.5 μW to 13.3 mW, we observe additional shifts of ΔωCN = ±1 cm-1, corresponding to photovoltages produced at the semiconductor/liquid interface ΔV = ±0.2 V. Based on Mott-Schottky measurements, the flat band potential (FBP) occurs at -0.39 V vs Ag/AgCl. For applied potentials above the FBP, we observe ΔωCN > 0 (i.e., blue-shifts ∼1 cm-1) corresponding to positive photovoltages, whereas for applied potentials below the flat band potential, we observe ΔωCN < 0 (i.e., red-shifts ∼1 cm-1) corresponding to negative photovoltages. These spectroscopic observations reveal voltage-induced changes in the band bending at the semiconductor/liquid junction that, thus far, have been difficult to measure.
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Wang C, Ying C, Shang J, Karcher SE, McCloy J, Liu J, Zhong WH. A Bioinspired Coating for Stabilizing Li Metal Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:43886-43896. [PMID: 36099531 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With plenty of charges and rich functional groups, bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein provides effective transport for multiple metallic ions inside blood vessels. Inspired by the unique ionic transport function, we develop a BSA protein coating to stabilize Li anode, regulate Li+ transport, and resolve the Li dendrite growth for Li metal batteries (LMBs). The experimental and simulation studies demonstrate that the coating has strong interactions with Li metal, increases the wetting with electrolyte, reduces the electrolyte/Li side reactions, and significantly suppresses the Li dendrite formation. As a result, the BSA coating exhibits excellent stability in the electrolyte and improves the performance of Li|Cu and Li|Li cells as well as the LiFePO4|Li batteries. This work reveals that LMBs can benefit from the biological function of BSA, i.e., special transport capability of metallic ions, and lays an important foundation in design of protein-based materials for effectively enhancing the electrochemical performance of energy storage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Wang
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Chunhua Ying
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Jing Shang
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Sam Ellery Karcher
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - John McCloy
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Jin Liu
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Wei-Hong Zhong
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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Khoroshyy P, Tenger K, Chertkova RV, Bocharova OV, Kirpichnikov MP, Borovok N, Groma GI, Dolgikh DA, Kotlyar AB, Zimányi L. Kinetics and Energetics of Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Single-Point Labeled TUPS-Cytochrome c Derivatives. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226976. [PMID: 34834068 PMCID: PMC8621336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron transfer within and between proteins is a fundamental biological phenomenon, in which efficiency depends on several physical parameters. We have engineered a number of horse heart cytochrome c single-point mutants with cysteine substitutions at various positions of the protein surface. To these cysteines, as well as to several native lysine side chains, the photoinduced redox label 8-thiouredopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (TUPS) was covalently attached. The long-lived, low potential triplet excited state of TUPS, generated with high quantum efficiency, serves as an electron donor to the oxidized heme c. The rates of the forward (from the label to the heme) and the reverse (from the reduced heme back to the oxidized label) electron transfer reactions were obtained from multichannel and single wavelength flash photolysis absorption kinetic experiments. The electronic coupling term and the reorganization energy for electron transfer in this system were estimated from temperature-dependent experiments and compared with calculated parameters using the crystal and the solution NMR structure of the protein. These results together with the observation of multiexponential kinetics strongly support earlier conclusions that the flexible arm connecting TUPS to the protein allows several shortcut routes for the electron involving through space jumps between the label and the protein surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petro Khoroshyy
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Körút 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (P.K.); (K.T.); (G.I.G.)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katalin Tenger
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Körút 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (P.K.); (K.T.); (G.I.G.)
| | - Rita V. Chertkova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (R.V.C.); (O.V.B.); (M.P.K.); (D.A.D.)
| | - Olga V. Bocharova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (R.V.C.); (O.V.B.); (M.P.K.); (D.A.D.)
| | - Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (R.V.C.); (O.V.B.); (M.P.K.); (D.A.D.)
- Biology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Borovok
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (N.B.); (A.B.K.)
| | - Géza I. Groma
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Körút 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (P.K.); (K.T.); (G.I.G.)
| | - Dmitry A. Dolgikh
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (R.V.C.); (O.V.B.); (M.P.K.); (D.A.D.)
- Biology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander B. Kotlyar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (N.B.); (A.B.K.)
| | - László Zimányi
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Körút 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (P.K.); (K.T.); (G.I.G.)
- Correspondence:
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4
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Baiz CR, Błasiak B, Bredenbeck J, Cho M, Choi JH, Corcelli SA, Dijkstra AG, Feng CJ, Garrett-Roe S, Ge NH, Hanson-Heine MWD, Hirst JD, Jansen TLC, Kwac K, Kubarych KJ, Londergan CH, Maekawa H, Reppert M, Saito S, Roy S, Skinner JL, Stock G, Straub JE, Thielges MC, Tominaga K, Tokmakoff A, Torii H, Wang L, Webb LJ, Zanni MT. Vibrational Spectroscopic Map, Vibrational Spectroscopy, and Intermolecular Interaction. Chem Rev 2020; 120:7152-7218. [PMID: 32598850 PMCID: PMC7710120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vibrational spectroscopy is an essential tool in chemical analyses, biological assays, and studies of functional materials. Over the past decade, various coherent nonlinear vibrational spectroscopic techniques have been developed and enabled researchers to study time-correlations of the fluctuating frequencies that are directly related to solute-solvent dynamics, dynamical changes in molecular conformations and local electrostatic environments, chemical and biochemical reactions, protein structural dynamics and functions, characteristic processes of functional materials, and so on. In order to gain incisive and quantitative information on the local electrostatic environment, molecular conformation, protein structure and interprotein contacts, ligand binding kinetics, and electric and optical properties of functional materials, a variety of vibrational probes have been developed and site-specifically incorporated into molecular, biological, and material systems for time-resolved vibrational spectroscopic investigation. However, still, an all-encompassing theory that describes the vibrational solvatochromism, electrochromism, and dynamic fluctuation of vibrational frequencies has not been completely established mainly due to the intrinsic complexity of intermolecular interactions in condensed phases. In particular, the amount of data obtained from the linear and nonlinear vibrational spectroscopic experiments has been rapidly increasing, but the lack of a quantitative method to interpret these measurements has been one major obstacle in broadening the applications of these methods. Among various theoretical models, one of the most successful approaches is a semiempirical model generally referred to as the vibrational spectroscopic map that is based on a rigorous theory of intermolecular interactions. Recently, genetic algorithm, neural network, and machine learning approaches have been applied to the development of vibrational solvatochromism theory. In this review, we provide comprehensive descriptions of the theoretical foundation and various examples showing its extraordinary successes in the interpretations of experimental observations. In addition, a brief introduction to a newly created repository Web site (http://frequencymap.org) for vibrational spectroscopic maps is presented. We anticipate that a combination of the vibrational frequency map approach and state-of-the-art multidimensional vibrational spectroscopy will be one of the most fruitful ways to study the structure and dynamics of chemical, biological, and functional molecular systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R. Baiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, U.S.A
| | - Bartosz Błasiak
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jens Bredenbeck
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Minhaeng Cho
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Steven A. Corcelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, U.S.A
| | - Arend G. Dijkstra
- School of Chemistry and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Chi-Jui Feng
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A
| | - Sean Garrett-Roe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, U.S.A
| | - Nien-Hui Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, U.S.A
| | - Magnus W. D. Hanson-Heine
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jonathan D. Hirst
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Thomas L. C. Jansen
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kijeong Kwac
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kevin J. Kubarych
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A
| | - Casey H. Londergan
- Department of Chemistry, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania 19041, U.S.A
| | - Hiroaki Maekawa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, U.S.A
| | - Mike Reppert
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Shinji Saito
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Santanu Roy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6110, U.S.A
| | - James L. Skinner
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A
| | - Gerhard Stock
- Biomolecular Dynamics, Institute of Physics, Albert Ludwigs University, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - John E. Straub
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A
| | - Megan C. Thielges
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, U.S.A
| | - Keisuke Tominaga
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-0013, Japan
| | - Andrei Tokmakoff
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A
| | - Hajime Torii
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, and Department of Optoelectronics and Nanostructure Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-Ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers University, 174 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A
| | - Lauren J. Webb
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street, STOP A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, U.S.A
| | - Martin T. Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1396, U.S.A
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5
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Biava H, Schreiber T, Katz S, Völler JS, Stolarski M, Schulz C, Michael N, Budisa N, Kozuch J, Utesch T, Hildebrandt P. Long-Range Modulations of Electric Fields in Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:8330-8342. [PMID: 30109934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b03870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatic interactions are essential for controlling the protein structure and function. Whereas so far experimental and theoretical efforts focused on the effect of local electrostatics, this work aims at elucidating the long-range modulation of electric fields in proteins upon binding to charged surfaces. The study is based on cytochrome c (Cytc) variants carrying nitrile reporters for the vibrational Stark effect that are incorporated into the protein via genetic engineering and chemical modification. The Cytc variants were thoroughly characterized with respect to possible structural perturbations due to labeling. For the proteins in solution, the relative hydrogen bond occupancy and the calculated electric fields, both obtained from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and the experimental nitrile stretching frequencies were used to develop a relationship for separating hydrogen-bonding and non-hydrogen-bonding electric field effects. This relationship provides an excellent description for the stable Cytc variants in solution. For the proteins bound to Au electrodes coated with charged self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), the underlying MD simulations can only account for the electric field changes Δ Eads due to the formation of the electrostatic SAM-Cytc complexes but not for the additional contribution, Δ Eint, representing the consequences of the potential drops over the electrode/SAM/protein interfaces. Both Δ Eads and Δ Eint, determined at distances between 20 and 30 Å with respect to the SAM surface, are comparable in magnitude to the non-hydrogen-bonding electric field in the unbound protein. This long-range modulation of the internal electric field may be of functional relevance for proteins in complexes with partner proteins (Δ Eads) and attached to membranes (Δ Eads + Δ Eint).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Biava
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Sekr. L1, Müller-Breslau-Straße 10 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Toni Schreiber
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Sagie Katz
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Jan-Stefan Völler
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Sekr. L1, Müller-Breslau-Straße 10 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Michael Stolarski
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Claudia Schulz
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Norbert Michael
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Sekr. L1, Müller-Breslau-Straße 10 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Jacek Kozuch
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Tillmann Utesch
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany
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6
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Völler JS, Biava H, Hildebrandt P, Budisa N. An expanded genetic code for probing the role of electrostatics in enzyme catalysis by vibrational Stark spectroscopy. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:3053-3059. [PMID: 28229928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To find experimental validation for electrostatic interactions essential for catalytic reactions represents a challenge due to practical limitations in assessing electric fields within protein structures. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review examines the applications of non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) as genetically encoded probes for studying the role of electrostatic interactions in enzyme catalysis. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS ncAAs constitute sensitive spectroscopic probes to detect local electric fields by exploiting the vibrational Stark effect (VSE) and thus have the potential to map the protein electrostatics. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Mapping the electrostatics in proteins will improve our understanding of natural catalytic processes and, in beyond, will be helpful for biocatalyst engineering. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Biochemistry of Synthetic Biology - Recent Developments" Guest Editor: Dr. Ilka Heinemann and Dr. Patrick O'Donoghue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Stefan Völler
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Strasse 10, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hernan Biava
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Strasse 10, D-10623 Berlin, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Strasse 10, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
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7
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Adhikary R, Zimmermann J, Romesberg FE. Transparent Window Vibrational Probes for the Characterization of Proteins With High Structural and Temporal Resolution. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1927-1969. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrishna Adhikary
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jörg Zimmermann
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Floyd E. Romesberg
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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8
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Li Y, Li Y, Su Q, Wang B, Guo N, Liu F. Tuning of energetics and reaction mechanism of water-assisted intramolecular proton transfer of 7-azaindole by external electric field applied in various directions: a TD-DFT study. Theor Chem Acc 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-017-2052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Slocum JD, Webb LJ. Nitrile Probes of Electric Field Agree with Independently Measured Fields in Green Fluorescent Protein Even in the Presence of Hydrogen Bonding. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6561-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Slocum
- Department
of Chemistry,
Center for Nano and Molecular Science and Technology, and Institute
for Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 105
E 24th Street STOP A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Lauren J. Webb
- Department
of Chemistry,
Center for Nano and Molecular Science and Technology, and Institute
for Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 105
E 24th Street STOP A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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10
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Li Y, Zolotavin P, Doak P, Kronik L, Neaton JB, Natelson D. Interplay of Bias-Driven Charging and the Vibrational Stark Effect in Molecular Junctions. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:1104-1109. [PMID: 26814562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We observe large, reversible, bias driven changes in the vibrational energies of PCBM based on simultaneous transport and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurements on PCBM-gold junctions. A combination of linear and quadratic shifts in vibrational energies with voltage is analyzed and compared with similar measurements involving C60-gold junctions. A theoretical model based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggests that both a vibrational Stark effect and bias-induced charging of the junction contribute to the shifts in vibrational energies. In the PCBM case, a linear vibrational Stark effect is observed due to the permanent electric dipole moment of PCBM. The vibrational Stark shifts shown here for PCBM junctions are comparable to or larger than the charging effects that dominate in C60 junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, MS 61, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Pavlo Zolotavin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, MS 61, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Peter Doak
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6493, United States
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Jeffrey B Neaton
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Douglas Natelson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, MS 61, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, MS 366, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, MS 325, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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11
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Wang Y, Shan X, Wang S, Tao N, Blanchard PY, Hu K, Mirkin MV. Imaging Local Electric Field Distribution by Plasmonic Impedance Microscopy. Anal Chem 2016; 88:1547-52. [PMID: 26709980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We report on imaging of local electric field on an electrode surface with plasmonic electrochemical impedance microscopy (P-EIM). The local electric field is created by putting an electrode inside a micropipet positioned over the electrode and applying a voltage between the two electrodes. We show that the distribution of the surface charge as well as the local electric field at the electrode surface can be imaged with P-EIM. The spatial distribution and the dependence of the local charge density and electric field on the distance between the micropipet and the surface are measured, and the results are compared with the finite element calculations. The work also demonstrates the possibility of integrating plasmonic imaging with scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) and other scanning probe microscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Wang
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY , Flushing, New York 11367, United States
| | - Xiaonan Shan
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY , Flushing, New York 11367, United States
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY , Flushing, New York 11367, United States
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY , Flushing, New York 11367, United States
| | - Pierre-Yves Blanchard
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY , Flushing, New York 11367, United States
| | - Keke Hu
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY , Flushing, New York 11367, United States
| | - Michael V Mirkin
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY , Flushing, New York 11367, United States
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12
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Smythies J. On the possible role of protein vibrations in information processing in the brain: three Russian dolls. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:38. [PMID: 26257604 PMCID: PMC4511836 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently it was held that the neurocomputations conducted by the brain involved only whole neurons as the operating units. This may however represent only a part of the mechanism. This theoretical and academic position article reviews the considerable evidence that allosteric interactions between proteins (as extensively described by Fuxe et al., 2014), and in particular protein vibrations in neurons, form small scale codes that are involved as parts of the complex information processing systems of the brain. The argument is then developed to suggest that the protein allosteric and vibration codes (that operate at the molecular level) are nested within a medium scale coding system whose computational units are organelles (such as microtubules). This medium scale code is nested in turn inside a large scale coding system, whose computational units are individual neurons. The hypothesis suggests that these three levels interact vertically in both directions thus materially increasing the computational capacity of the brain. The whole hierarchy is thus similar to three nested Russian dolls. This theoretical development may be of use in the design of experiments to test it.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Smythies
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, Center for Brain and Cognition, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
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13
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Völler J, Biava H, Koksch B, Hildebrandt P, Budisa N. Orthogonal Translation Meets Electron Transfer: In Vivo Labeling of Cytochromecfor Probing Local Electric Fields. Chembiochem 2015; 16:742-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hildebrandt
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Pazos IM, Ghosh A, Tucker MJ, Gai F. Ester carbonyl vibration as a sensitive probe of protein local electric field. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6080-4. [PMID: 24788907 PMCID: PMC4104746 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The ability to quantify the local electrostatic environment of proteins and protein/peptide assemblies is key to gaining a microscopic understanding of many biological interactions and processes. Herein, we show that the ester carbonyl stretching vibration of two non-natural amino acids, L-aspartic acid 4-methyl ester and L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester, is a convenient and sensitive probe in this regard, since its frequency correlates linearly with the local electrostatic field for both hydrogen-bonding and non-hydrogen-bonding environments. We expect that the resultant frequency-electric-field map will find use in various applications. Furthermore, we show that, when situated in a non-hydrogen-bonding environment, this probe can also be used to measure the local dielectric constant (ε). For example, its application to amyloid fibrils formed by Aβ(16-22) revealed that the interior of such β-sheet assemblies has an ε value of approximately 5.6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana M. Pazos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Ayanjeet Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Matthew J. Tucker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Feng Gai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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16
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Pazos IM, Ghosh A, Tucker MJ, Gai F. Ester Carbonyl Vibration as a Sensitive Probe of Protein Local Electric Field. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Vibrational modes of molecules are fundamental properties determined by intramolecular bonding, atomic masses, and molecular geometry, and often serve as important channels for dissipation in nanoscale processes. Although single-molecule junctions have been used to manipulate electronic structure and related functional properties of molecules, electrical control of vibrational mode energies has remained elusive. Here we use simultaneous transport and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy measurements to demonstrate large, reversible, voltage-driven shifts of vibrational mode energies of C60 molecules in gold junctions. C60 mode energies are found to vary approximately quadratically with bias, but in a manner inconsistent with a simple vibrational Stark effect. Our theoretical model instead suggests that the mode shifts are a signature of bias-driven addition of electronic charge to the molecule. These results imply that voltage-controlled tuning of vibrational modes is a general phenomenon at metal-molecule interfaces and is a means of achieving significant shifts in vibrational energies relative to a pure Stark effect.
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18
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Schkolnik G, Utesch T, Zhao J, Jiang S, Thompson MK, Mroginski MA, Hildebrandt P, Franzen S. Catalytic efficiency of dehaloperoxidase A is controlled by electrostatics – application of the vibrational Stark effect to understand enzyme kinetics. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 430:1011-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Schkolnik G, Salewski J, Millo D, Zebger I, Franzen S, Hildebrandt P. Vibrational stark effect of the electric-field reporter 4-mercaptobenzonitrile as a tool for investigating electrostatics at electrode/SAM/solution interfaces. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:7466-7482. [PMID: 22837705 PMCID: PMC3397537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13067466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
4-mercaptobenzonitrile (MBN) in self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au and Ag electrodes was studied by surface enhanced infrared absorption and Raman spectroscopy, to correlate the nitrile stretching frequency with the local electric field exploiting the vibrational Stark effect (VSE). Using MBN SAMs in different metal/SAM interfaces, we sorted out the main factors controlling the nitrile stretching frequency, which comprise, in addition to external electric fields, the metal-MBN bond, the surface potential, and hydrogen bond interactions. On the basis of the linear relationships between the nitrile stretching and the electrode potential, an electrostatic description of the interfacial potential distribution is presented that allows for determining the electric field strengths on the SAM surface, as well as the effective potential of zero-charge of the SAM-coated metal. Comparing this latter quantity with calculated values derived from literature data, we note a very good agreement for Au/MBN but distinct deviations for Ag/MBN which may reflect either the approximations and simplifications of the model or the uncertainty in reported structural parameters for Ag/MBN. The present electrostatic model consistently explains the electric field strengths for MBN SAMs on Ag and Au as well as for thiophenol and mercaptohexanoic acid SAMs with MBN incorporated as a VSE reporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Schkolnik
- Technische Universität Berlin, Insitut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17, Juni 135, Berlin, D-10623, Germany; E-Mails: (G.S.); (J.S.); (D.M.); (I.Z.)
| | - Johannes Salewski
- Technische Universität Berlin, Insitut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17, Juni 135, Berlin, D-10623, Germany; E-Mails: (G.S.); (J.S.); (D.M.); (I.Z.)
| | - Diego Millo
- Technische Universität Berlin, Insitut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17, Juni 135, Berlin, D-10623, Germany; E-Mails: (G.S.); (J.S.); (D.M.); (I.Z.)
- Biomolecular Spectroscopy, LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Ingo Zebger
- Technische Universität Berlin, Insitut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17, Juni 135, Berlin, D-10623, Germany; E-Mails: (G.S.); (J.S.); (D.M.); (I.Z.)
| | - Stefan Franzen
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Box 8204, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Technische Universität Berlin, Insitut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17, Juni 135, Berlin, D-10623, Germany; E-Mails: (G.S.); (J.S.); (D.M.); (I.Z.)
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20
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Sezer M, Millo D, Weidinger IM, Zebger I, Hildebrandt P. Analyzing the catalytic processes of immobilized redox enzymes by vibrational spectroscopies. IUBMB Life 2012; 64:455-64. [PMID: 22535701 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Analyzing the structure and function of redox enzymes attached to electrodes is a central challenge in many fields of fundamental and applied life science. Electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry which are routinely used do not provide insight into the molecular structure and reaction mechanisms of the immobilized proteins. Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) and surface-enhanced resonance Raman (SERR) spectroscopy may fill this gap, if nanostructured Au or Ag are used as conductive support materials. In this account, we will first outline the principles of the methodology including a description of the most important strategies for biocompatible protein immobilization. Subsequently, we will critically review SERR and SEIRA spectroscopic approaches to characterize the protein and active site structure of the immobilized enzymes. Special emphasis is laid on the combination of surface-enhanced vibrational spectroscopies with electrochemical methods to analyze equilibria and dynamics of the interfacial redox processes. Finally, we will assess the potential of SERR and SEIRA spectroscopy for in situ investigations on the basis of the first promising studies on human sulfite oxidase and hydrogenases under turnover conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Sezer
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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