1
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Lan G, Song Q, Luan Y, Cheng Y. Targeted strategies to deliver boron agents across the blood-brain barrier for neutron capture therapy of brain tumors. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123747. [PMID: 38151104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), as an innovative radiotherapy technology, has demonstrated remarkable outcomes when compared to conventional treatments in the management of recurrent and refractory brain tumors. However, in BNCT of brain tumors, the blood-brain barrier is a main stumbling block for restricting the transport of boron drugs to brain tumors, while the tumor targeting and retention of boron drugs also affect the BNCT effect. This review focuses on the recent development of strategies for delivering boron drugs crossing the blood-brain barrier and targeting brain tumors, providing new insights for the development of efficient boron drugs for the treatment of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongde Lan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qingxu Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Medical Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxia Luan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Medical Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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2
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Hammouda MM, Gaffer HE, Elattar KM. Insights into the medicinal chemistry of heterocycles integrated with a pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine scaffold. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1150-1196. [PMID: 36325400 PMCID: PMC9580358 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00192f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are the dominant motif of many drugs; for instance, zaleplon and indiplon are sedative agents and ocinaplon was identified as an anxiolytic agent. The importance of this class of compounds lies in its varied and significant biological activities, and accordingly, considerable methods have been devised to prepare these compounds. Hence, other derivatives of this class of compounds were prepared by substitution reactions with different nucleophiles exploiting the activity of groups linked to the ring carbon and nitrogen atoms. The methods used vary through the condensation reactions of the aminopyrazoles with 1,2-allenic, enaminonitriles, enaminones, 1,3-diketones, unsaturated nitriles, or unsaturated ketones. Alternatively, these compounds are prepared through the reactions of acyclic reagents, as these methods were recently developed efficiently with high yields. The current review highlighted the recent progress of the therapeutic potential of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as antimicrobial, anticancer, antianxiety, anti-proliferative, analgesic, and antioxidant agents, carboxylesterase, translocator protein and PDE10A inhibitors, and selective kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Hammouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Hatem E Gaffer
- Dyeing and Printing Department, Textile Research Division, National Research Center Dokki Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | - Khaled M Elattar
- Unit of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt +201010655354
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3
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Carboranes in drug discovery, chemical biology and molecular imaging. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:486-504. [PMID: 37117309 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There exists a paucity of structural innovation and limited molecular diversity associated with molecular frameworks in drug discovery and biomolecular imaging/chemical probe design. The discovery and exploitation of new molecular entities for medical and biological applications will necessarily involve voyaging into previously unexplored regions of chemical space. Boron clusters, notably the carboranes, offer an alternative to conventional (poly)cyclic organic frameworks that may address some of the limitations associated with the use of novel molecular frameworks in chemical biology or medicine. The high thermal stability, unique 3D structure and aromaticity, kinetic inertness to metabolism and ability to engage in unusual types of intermolecular interactions, such as dihydrogen bonds, with biological receptors make carboranes exquisite frameworks in the design of probes for chemical biology, novel drug candidates and biomolecular imaging agents. This Review highlights the key developments of carborane derivatives made over the last decade as new design tools in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology, showcasing the versatility of this unique family of boron compounds.
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4
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Battista VD, Hey-Hawkins E. Development of Prodrugs for Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: New Inorganic Scaffolds for Blood-Brain Barrier Permeation. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:1262-1279. [PMID: 35182542 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been consistently modified for more than 60 years. L-DOPA, the blood-brain barrier permeable precursor prodrug of dopamine, is to date the only effective therapy on the market. However, it is well known that prolonged treatment with L-DOPA leads to several side effects, which may affect the patient's life expectancy (i.e., the wearing-off phenomenon, on-off fluctuations, and dyskinesia). For this reason, modifications, and supplements to L-DOPA treatment have been and are being studied, which, however, have not yet resulted in a valid alternative to the cornerstone drug. This review aims to summarize the main formulations currently in use for PD treatment, explaining advantages and disadvantages for each class. The attention will be focused on the promising prodrug concept, aimed at finding a suitable L-DOPA substitute with improved pharmacokinetic behavior. In this respect, new potential candidates which show interesting properties for the intended scope, the so-called dicarba-closo-dodecaboranes(12) (carboranes), will be discussed. Carboranes are inorganic molecular icosahedral boron-carbon clusters with 12 vertices and 20 deltahedral faces. They have been extensively studied for applications in medicine as potential pharmacophores, reagents in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and radiotherapy. Here, we discuss them as inorganic scaffolds for dopamine delivery at the central nervous system (CNS) level.
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Key Words
- %F, Oral Bioavailability
- 5-HTP, L-5-Hydroxy-Tryptophan
- AADC, Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase
- AGPs, Arabinogalactan Proteins
- AUC, Area Under the Plasma Concentration Curve
- Abbreviations
- BBB, Blood–Brain Barrier
- BNCT, Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
- CNS, Central Nervous System
- COMT, Catechol-O-Methyltransferase
- DBS, Deep Brain Stimulation
- DDC, Dopamine Decarboxylase
- DMSO, Dimethylsulfoxide
- FAD, Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- GPCRs, G-Protein-Coupled Receptors
- HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- HSA, Human Serum Albumin
- ICT, Intramolecular Charge Transfer
- IPG, Implanted Pulse Generator
- IUPAC, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- IV, Intravenous Injection
- LDEE, L-DOPA Ethyl Ester
- LNAA, Large Neutral Amino Acid transport system
- MAO-A/B, Monoamine Oxidase-A/B
- MPO, Multiparameter Optimization
- Mw, Molecular Weight
- NMDAR, N-Methyl D-Aspartate Receptor
- P, Partition Coefficient
- PAMPA, Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay
- PD, Parkinson's Disease
- PLP, Pyridoxal Phosphate
- PNS, Peripheral Nervous System
- Parkinson's disease, Dopamine, Blood–brain barrier, Permeability, Bioavailability, L-DOPA, Prodrugs, Inorganic scaffold, Icosahedral carborane
- SAM, S-Adenosyl L-Methionine
- STN, Subthalamic Nucleus
- TBP, Tetrahydrobiopterin
- UPDRS, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale
- VTA, Ventral Tegmental Are
- hBMECs, human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Di Battista
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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5
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Hattori Y, Ishimura M, Ohta Y, Takenaka H, Kawabata S, Kirihata M. Dodecaborate Conjugates Targeting Tumor Cell Overexpressing Translocator Protein for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 13:50-54. [PMID: 35059123 PMCID: PMC8762747 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed novel closo-dodecaborate ([B12H11]2-) anion-containing translocator protein (TSPO) ligand as a boron carrier for boron neutron capture therapy. This compound shows high water solubility and can deliver boron to TSPO highly expressed in breast cancer cells. We describe the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a dodecaborate-based pyrazolopyrimidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Hattori
- Research
Center of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan,
| | - Miki Ishimura
- Research
Center of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan,Stella
Pharma Co., ORIX Kouraibashi
Bldg., 3-2-7 Kouraibashi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0043, Japan
| | - Youichirou Ohta
- Research
Center of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan,Stella
Pharma Co., ORIX Kouraibashi
Bldg., 3-2-7 Kouraibashi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takenaka
- Research
Center of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan,Stella
Pharma Co., ORIX Kouraibashi
Bldg., 3-2-7 Kouraibashi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0043, Japan
| | - Shinji Kawabata
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical
University, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Kirihata
- Research
Center of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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6
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Elattar KM, El-Mekabaty A. Bicyclic 5-6 Systems: Comprehensive Synthetic Strategies for the Annulations of Pyrazolo[ 1,5-a]pyrimidines. Curr Org Synth 2021; 18:547-586. [PMID: 33966620 DOI: 10.2174/1570179418666210509015108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolopyrimidines are a privileged class of 5-6 bicyclic systems with three or four nitrogen atoms, including four possible isomeric structures. The significance of this class of compounds is that they can be applied in medical and pharmaceutical fields due to their unlimited biological aptitude, hence it is the basic skeleton of several synthetic drugs. The current review aimed to highlight all the synthetic routes that have been applied to construct the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine ring systems up to date. The sections in this study included the synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines by condensation reactions of 5-aminopyrazoles with each of β-diketones, 1,5-diketones, β- ketoaldehydes, α-cyanoaldehydes, β-enaminones, enamines, enaminonitriles, ethers, with unsaturated ketones, unsaturated thiones, unsaturated esters, unsaturated dienones "1,2-allenic", unsaturated aldehydes, unsaturated imines, and unsaturated nitriles. The routes adopted to synthesize this class of heterocyclic compounds were extended for ring construction from acyclic reagents and multicomponent reactions under catalytic or catalyst-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Elattar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Mekabaty
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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7
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Saretz S, Basset G, Useini L, Laube M, Pietzsch J, Drača D, Maksimović-Ivanić D, Trambauer J, Steiner H, Hey-Hawkins E. Modulation of γ-Secretase Activity by a Carborane-Based Flurbiprofen Analogue. Molecules 2021; 26:2843. [PMID: 34064783 PMCID: PMC8151329 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
All over the world, societies are facing rapidly aging populations combined with a growing number of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD). One focus in pharmaceutical research to address this issue is on the reduction of the longer amyloid-β (Aβ) fragments in the brain by modulation of γ-secretase, a membrane-bound protease. R-Flurbiprofen (tarenflurbil) was studied in this regard but failed to show significant improvement in AD patients in a phase 3 clinical trial. This was mainly attributed to its low ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we present the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a racemic meta-carborane analogue of flurbiprofen. By introducing the carborane moiety, the hydrophobicity could be shifted into a more favourable range for the penetration of the blood-brain barrier, evident by a logD7.4 value of 2.0. Furthermore, our analogue retained γ-secretase modulator activity in comparison to racemic flurbiprofen in a cell-based assay. These findings demonstrate the potential of carboranes as phenyl mimetics also in AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Saretz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.); (L.U.)
- Chemische Biologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Inhoffenstraße 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gabriele Basset
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Metabolic Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, D-81377 München, Germany; (G.B.); (J.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Liridona Useini
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.); (L.U.)
| | - Markus Laube
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (M.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany; (M.L.); (J.P.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dijana Drača
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul. Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.); (D.M.-I.)
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul. Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.); (D.M.-I.)
| | - Johannes Trambauer
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Metabolic Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, D-81377 München, Germany; (G.B.); (J.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Harald Steiner
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Metabolic Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, D-81377 München, Germany; (G.B.); (J.T.); (H.S.)
- German Center for Neurogenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.); (L.U.)
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8
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Danon JJ, Tregeagle DFL, Kassiou M. Adventures in Translocation: Studies of the Translocator Protein (TSPO) 18 kDa. Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch21176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein found embedded in the outer mitochondrial membrane. A secondary target for the benzodiazepine diazepam, TSPO has been a protein of interest for researchers for decades, particularly owing to its well-established links to inflammatory conditions in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has become a key biomarker for assessing microglial activation using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in patients with diseases ranging from atherosclerosis to Alzheimer’s disease. This Account describes research published by our group over the past 15 years surrounding the development of TSPO ligands and their use in probing the function of this high-value target.
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9
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Couto M, Alamón C, Nievas S, Perona M, Dagrosa MA, Teixidor F, Cabral P, Viñas C, Cerecetto H. Bimodal Therapeutic Agents Against Glioblastoma, One of the Most Lethal Forms of Cancer. Chemistry 2020; 26:14335-14340. [PMID: 32738078 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
About 95 % of people diagnosed with glioblastoma die within five years. Glioblastoma is the most aggressive central nervous system tumour. It is necessary to make progress in the glioblastoma treatment so that advanced chemotherapy drugs or radiation therapy or, ideally, two-in-one hybrid systems should be implemented. Tyrosine kinase receptors-inhibitors and boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), together, could provide a therapeutic strategy. In this work, sunitinib decorated-carborane hybrids were prepared and biologically evaluated identifying excellent antitumoral- and BNCT-agents. One of the selected hybrids was studied against glioma-cells and found to be 4 times more cytotoxic than sunitinib and 1.7 times more effective than 10 B-boronophenylalanine fructose complex when the cells were irradiated with neutrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Couto
- Grupo de Química Orgánica Medicinal, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Institut de Ciències dels Materials de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Catalina Alamón
- Grupo de Química Orgánica Medicinal, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Susana Nievas
- Department of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Perona
- Department of Radiobiology, CNEA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Francesc Teixidor
- Institut de Ciències dels Materials de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pablo Cabral
- Área de Radiofarmacia, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares (CIN), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Mataojo 2055, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciències dels Materials de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Grupo de Química Orgánica Medicinal, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Área de Radiofarmacia, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares (CIN), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Mataojo 2055, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
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10
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Li C, Fan W, Qi C, Zhang F. Four component synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-one derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Kavianpour P, Gemmell MCM, Kahlert JU, Rendina LM. Histone Deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) Inhibitors Containing Boron. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2786-2791. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poya Kavianpour
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney The University of Sydney F11, Eastern Avenue Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Madeleine C. M. Gemmell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney The University of Sydney F11, Eastern Avenue Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Jan U. Kahlert
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney The University of Sydney F11, Eastern Avenue Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Louis M. Rendina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney The University of Sydney F11, Eastern Avenue Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute Camperdown NSW 2050 Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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12
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Closo-Carboranyl- and Metallacarboranyl [1,2,3]triazolyl-Decorated Lapatinib-Scaffold for Cancer Therapy Combining Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition and Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061408. [PMID: 32517054 PMCID: PMC7349914 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the driving forces of carcinogenesis in humans is the aberrant activation of receptors; consequently, one of the most promising mechanisms for cancer treatment is receptor inhibition by chemotherapy. Although a variety of cancers are initially susceptible to chemotherapy, they eventually develop multi-drug resistance. Anti-tumor agents overcoming resistance and acting through two or more ways offer greater therapeutic benefits over single-mechanism entities. In this study, we report on a new family of bifunctional compounds that, offering the possibility of dual action (drug + radiotherapy combinations), may result in significant clinical benefits. This new family of compounds combines two fragments: the drug fragment is a lapatinib group, which inhibits the tyrosine kinase receptor activity, and an icosahedral boron cluster used as agents for neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The developed compounds were evaluated in vitro against different tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs)-expressing tumoral cells, and in vitro–BNCT experiments were performed for two of the most promising hybrids, 19 and 22. We identified hybrid 19 with excellent selectivity to inhibit cell proliferation and ability to induce necrosis/apoptosis of glioblastoma U87 MG cell line. Furthermore, derivative 22, bearing a water-solubility-enhancing moiety, showed moderate inhibition of cell proliferation in both U87 MG and colorectal HT-29 cell lines. Additionally, the HT-29 cells accumulated adequate levels of boron after hybrids 19 and 22 incubations rendering, and after neutron irradiation, higher BNCT-effects than BPA. The attractive profile of developed hybrids makes them interesting agents for combined therapy.
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13
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Rao RN, Chanda K. An assessment study of known pyrazolopyrimidines: Chemical methodology and cellular activity. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103801. [PMID: 32278206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen atom play a key role in the normal life cycle of a cell. Pyrazolopyrimidine is a privileged class of nitrogen containing fused heterocyclic compound contributing to a major portion of all lead molecules in medicinal chemistry. The thumbprint of pyrazolopyrimidine as a pharmacophore is always noticeable due to its analogy with the adenine base in DNA. Pyrazolopyrimidines are divided into five types [I, II, III, IV, V] based on the mechanism of action on the specific target conferring a wide scope of research which has accelerated the interest of researchers to investigate its biological profile. In 1956, the anti-cancer activity of pyrazolopyrimidine was evaluated for the first time with appreciable results. Since then, medicinal chemists centered their work on various methods of synthesis and evaluating the biological profile of pyrazolopyrimidine isomers. This report consists of novel methodologies followed to synthesize pyrazolopyrimidine isomers along with a note on their biological significance. To the best of our knowledge, this review article will be first of its kind to encompass different synthetic procedures along with anti-cancer, kinase inhibition, phosphodiesterase inhibition and receptor blocking activity of pyrazolopyrimidine moieties. IC50 values of potent compounds are added wherever necessary to understand the suitability of pyrazolopyrimidine skeletons for a specific biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nishanth Rao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
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14
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Krishnammagari SK, Jeong YT. An Efficient and Transition Metal-Free Base-Promoted Multi-Component Synthesis of Aza-Fused Polysubstituted Pyrido[2′,3′:3,4]Pyrazolo[1,5-a]Pyrimidine Derivatives. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2018.1526808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yeon Tae Jeong
- Department of Image Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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15
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Krishnammagari SK, Cho BG, Kim JT, Jeong YT. An efficient and solvent-free one-pot multi-component synthesis of novel highly substituted pyrido[2′,3′:3,4]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile derivatives catalyzed by tetramethylguanidine. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1514053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Byung Gwon Cho
- Department of Image Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Tae Kim
- Department of Image Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Tae Jeong
- Department of Image Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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16
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Narlawar R, Austin CJD, Kahlert J, Selleri S, Da Pozzo E, Martini C, Werry EL, Rendina LM, Kassiou M. Remarkable Enhancement in Boron Uptake Within Glioblastoma Cells With Carboranyl–Indole Carboxamides. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:3321-3327. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan Kahlert
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Silvia Selleri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Florence Via U. Schiff 650019 Polo Scientifico Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Eleonora Da Pozzo
- Department of Pharmacy The University of Pisa Via Bonanno 6 56127 Pisa Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy The University of Pisa Via Bonanno 6 56127 Pisa Italy
| | - Eryn L. Werry
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Louis M. Rendina
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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17
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An efficient and green synthesis of novel highly functionalized nitrogen-fused pyrido[2′,3′:3,4]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives using recyclable choline hydroxide. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3558-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Singsardar M, Sarkar R, Majhi K, Sinha S, Hajra A. Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Pyrazolopyrimidines and Their Photophysical Properties. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Singsardar
- Department of Chemistry; Visva-Bharati (A Central University); Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal India
| | - Rajib Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry; Visva-Bharati (A Central University); Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal India
| | - Koushik Majhi
- Integrated Science Education and Research Centre; Siksha Bhavana; Visva-Bharati; Santiniketan 731 235 India
| | - Subrata Sinha
- Integrated Science Education and Research Centre; Siksha Bhavana; Visva-Bharati; Santiniketan 731 235 India
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry; Visva-Bharati (A Central University); Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal India
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19
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Calabrese G, Daou A, Barbu E, Tsibouklis J. Towards carborane-functionalised structures for the treatment of brain cancer. Drug Discov Today 2017; 23:63-75. [PMID: 28886331 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising targeted chemoradiotherapeutic technique for the management of invasive brain tumors, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). A prerequisite for effective BNCT is the selective targeting of tumour cells with 10B-rich therapeutic moieties. To this end, polyhedral boranes, especially carboranes, have received considerable attention because they combine a high boron content with relative low toxicity and metabolic inertness. Here, we review progress in the molecular design of recently investigated carborane derivatives in light of the widely accepted performance requirements for effective BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Calabrese
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Anis Daou
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Eugen Barbu
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - John Tsibouklis
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
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20
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Hudwekar AD, Reddy GL, Verma PK, Gupta S, Vishwakarma RA, Sawant SD. Transition Metal-free Single Step Approach for Arylated Pyrazolopyrimidinones and Quinazolinones Using Benzylamines/Benzylalcohols/Benzaldehydes. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhinandan D. Hudwekar
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; New Delhi India, CSIR-IIIM Communication No: IIIM/2014/2017
| | - G. Lakshma Reddy
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; New Delhi India, CSIR-IIIM Communication No: IIIM/2014/2017
| | - Praveen K. Verma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road Jammu 180001 India
| | - Sorav Gupta
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; New Delhi India, CSIR-IIIM Communication No: IIIM/2014/2017
| | - Ram A. Vishwakarma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road Jammu 180001 India
| | - Sanghapal D. Sawant
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Canal Road Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; New Delhi India, CSIR-IIIM Communication No: IIIM/2014/2017
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21
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Sun J, Qiu JK, Jiang B, Hao WJ, Guo C, Tu SJ. I2-Catalyzed Multicomponent Reactions for Accessing Densely Functionalized Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and Their Disulphenylated Derivatives. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3321-8. [PMID: 26991413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
New I2-catalyzed multicomponent bicyclization reactions of β-ketonitriles with sulfonyl hydrazides have been established, providing a direct and metal-free access toward unreported pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-4-ium sulfonates. The latter could be quantitatively converted into densely functionalized pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines in the presence of bases. Using sulfonyl hydrazides as a sulfenylating agent, the resulting pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines enabled I2-catalyzed unprecedented disulphenylations to access fully substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines through direct C(sp(2))-H bond bifunctionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Kai Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Guo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
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22
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Rokitskaya TI, Khailova LS, Makarenkov AV, Ol'shevskaya VA, Kalinin VN, Antonenko YN. Weak C–H acids as protonophores can carry hydrogen ions through lipid membranes and mitochondria: a case of o-carborane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:16476-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02581a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ortho-Carborane (1,2-C2B10H12) was found to be a carrier of protons in lipid membranes and mitochondria, suggesting that this dicarborane can reversibly release hydrogen ions and diffuse through the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana I. Rokitskaya
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow 119899
- Russian Federation
| | - Ljudmila S. Khailova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow 119899
- Russian Federation
| | - Anton V. Makarenkov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | | | - Valery N. Kalinin
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Yuri N. Antonenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow 119899
- Russian Federation
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23
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Abstract
The translocator protein (TSPO) is an 18-kDa five-transmembrane protein, which is primarily found in the outer mitochondrial membrane. Levels of this protein are up-regulated in the most aggressive and common glioma, glioblastoma multiforme (GM). Levels of TSPO also correlate with GM clinical outcome, suggesting that TSPO may be a novel GM diagnostic imaging agent. Therapeutically, targeting the TSPO may provide a mechanism to abrogate the apoptotic-resistant, invasive and aggressive nature of GM and may also provide a way of targeting other anti-cancer treatments to GM sites. This review highlights recent progress in research on TSPO-based diagnostic imaging and therapeutics for GM.
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24
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Saikia P, Gogoi S, Boruah RC. Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage Reaction: Synthesis of Multisubstituted Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6885-9. [PMID: 26083788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new carbon-carbon bond cleavage reaction was developed for the efficient synthesis of multisubstituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. This base induced reaction of 1,3,5-trisubstituted pentane-1,5-diones and substituted pyrazoles afforded good yields of the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabi Saikia
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | - Sanjib Gogoi
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | - Romesh C Boruah
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
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25
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Ahrens VM, Frank R, Boehnke S, Schütz CL, Hampel G, Iffland DS, Bings NH, Hey-Hawkins E, Beck-Sickinger AG. Receptor-Mediated Uptake of Boron-Rich Neuropeptide Y Analogues for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. ChemMedChem 2014; 10:164-72. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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26
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Wilkinson SM, Gunosewoyo H, Barron ML, Boucher A, McDonnell M, Turner P, Morrison DE, Bennett MR, McGregor IS, Rendina LM, Kassiou M. The first CNS-active carborane: A novel P2X7 receptor antagonist with antidepressant activity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:335-9. [PMID: 24689484 DOI: 10.1021/cn500054n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Relative to other polycyclic frameworks (1-3), a carborane cage (4 and Cs·5) exerts a significant biological effect as an inhibitor of the purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) which allows one to target depression in vivo and thus demonstrate, for the first time, that a carborane has the capacity to modify CNS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melissa L. Barron
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, 100 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Aurelie Boucher
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, 100 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Michelle McDonnell
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, 100 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | | | | | - Maxwell R. Bennett
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, 100 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | | | | | - Michael Kassiou
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, 100 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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27
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Waller RC, Booth RE, Feakes DA. Evaluation of the binding of polyhedral borane anions to representative proteins. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 124:11-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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28
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29
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Austin CJD, Kahlert J, Kassiou M, Rendina LM. The translocator protein (TSPO): a novel target for cancer chemotherapy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1212-6. [PMID: 23518318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The translocator protein (TSPO) is an 18 kDa transmembrane protein primarily found in the outer mitochondrial membrane where it forms a key part of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). Omnipresent in almost all tissues, TSPO up-regulation has been connected to neuronal damage and inflammation, making the protein an important bio-imaging marker for disease progression. More recently, TSPO has attracted attention as a possible molecular target for tumour imaging and chemotherapy. In this review we summarize TSPO's molecular characteristics and highlight research progress in recent years in the field of TSPO-targeted cancer diagnostics and treatments.
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