1
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Bonafè F, Dong C, Malliaras GG, Cramer T, Fraboni B. Subsurface Profiling of Ion Migration and Swelling in Conducting Polymer Actuators with Modulated Electrochemical Atomic Force Microscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:36727-36734. [PMID: 38972069 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of ion migration and volume change is crucial to studying the functionality and long-term stability of soft polymeric materials operating at liquid interfaces, but the subsurface characterization of swelling processes in these systems remains elusive. In this work, we address the issue using modulated electrochemical atomic force microscopy as a depth-sensitive technique to study electroswelling effects in the high-performance actuator material polypyrrole doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonate (Ppy:DBS). We perform multidimensional measurements combining local electroswelling and electrochemical impedance spectroscopies on microstructured Ppy:DBS actuators. We interpret charge accumulation in the polymeric matrix with a quantitative model, giving access to both the spatiotemporal dynamics of ion migration and the distribution of electroswelling in the electroactive polymer layer. The findings demonstrate a nonuniform distribution of the effective ionic volume in the Ppy:DBS layer depending on the film morphology and redox state. Our findings indicate that the highly efficient actuation performance of Ppy:DBS is caused by rearrangements of the polymer microstructure induced by charge accumulation in the soft polymeric matrix, increasing the effective ionic volume in the bulk of the electroactive film for up to two times the value measured in free water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Bonafè
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chaoqun Dong
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - Tobias Cramer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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2
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Chern YT, Yen CC, Wang JM, Lu IS, Huang BW, Hsiao SH. Redox-Stable and Multicolor Electrochromic Polyamides with Four Triarylamine Cores in the Repeating Unit. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1644. [PMID: 38931994 PMCID: PMC11207867 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Two new triarylamine-based diamine monomers, namely, N,N'-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-N,N'-bis(4-(4-aminophenyl-4'-methoxyphenylamino)phenyl)-p-phenylenediamine (3) and N,N'-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-N,N'-bis(4-((4-aminophenyl-1-naphthyl)amino)phenyl)-p-phenylenediamine (7), were successfully synthesized and led to two series of electroactive polyamides by polycondensation reactions with common aromatic dicarboxylic acids. The polymers demonstrated multicolored electrochromism, high optical contrast, and remarkable enhancements in redox and electrochromic stability. Compared to other triarylamine-based polymers, the studied polyamides exhibited enhanced electrochromic stability (only 3~6% decay of its coloration efficiency at 445 nm after 14,000 switching cycles) at the first oxidation stage. The polyamides also showed strong absorption in the near-infrared region upon oxidation. Polymers with multicolored electrochromism and high redox stability can be developed by incorporation of four triarylamine cores in each repeat unit and electron-donating methoxy groups on the active sites of the triphenylamine units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw-Terng Chern
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan; (C.-C.Y.); (J.-M.W.); (I.-S.L.)
| | - Chien-Cheng Yen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan; (C.-C.Y.); (J.-M.W.); (I.-S.L.)
| | - Jia-Mao Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan; (C.-C.Y.); (J.-M.W.); (I.-S.L.)
| | - I-Shan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan; (C.-C.Y.); (J.-M.W.); (I.-S.L.)
| | - Bo-Wei Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Huei Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan;
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3
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Karabag A, Soyler D, Udum YA, Toppare L, Gunbas G, Soylemez S. Building Block Engineering toward Realizing High-Performance Electrochromic Materials and Glucose Biosensing Platform. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:677. [PMID: 37504076 PMCID: PMC10377066 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The molecular engineering of conjugated systems has proven to be an effective method for understanding structure-property relationships toward the advancement of optoelectronic properties and biosensing characteristics. Herein, a series of three thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD)-based conjugated monomers, modified with electron-rich selenophene, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), or both building blocks (Se-TPD, EDOT-TPD, and EDOT-Se-TPD), were synthesized using Stille cross-coupling and electrochemically polymerized, and their electrochromic properties and applications in a glucose biosensing platform were explored. The influence of structural modification on electrochemical, electronic, optical, and biosensing properties was systematically investigated. The results showed that the cyclic voltammograms of EDOT-containing materials displayed a high charge capacity over a wide range of scan rates representing a quick charge propagation, making them appropriate materials for high-performance supercapacitor devices. UV-Vis studies revealed that EDOT-based materials presented wide-range absorptions, and thus low optical band gaps. These two EDOT-modified materials also exhibited superior optical contrasts and fast switching times, and further displayed multi-color properties in their neutral and fully oxidized states, enabling them to be promising materials for constructing advanced electrochromic devices. In the context of biosensing applications, a selenophene-containing polymer showed markedly lower performance, specifically in signal intensity and stability, which was attributed to the improper localization of biomolecules on the polymer surface. Overall, we demonstrated that relatively small changes in the structure had a significant impact on both optoelectronic and biosensing properties for TPD-based donor-acceptor polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliekber Karabag
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- METU Center for Solar Energy Research and Applications (ODTU-GUNAM), Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Dilek Soyler
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Arslan Udum
- Technical Sciences Vocational Schools, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey
| | - Levent Toppare
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Gorkem Gunbas
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- METU Center for Solar Energy Research and Applications (ODTU-GUNAM), Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Saniye Soylemez
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, Turkey
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Seddiki I, N’Diaye BI, Skene WG. Survey of Recent Advances in Molecular Fluorophores, Unconjugated Polymers, and Emerging Functional Materials Designed for Electrofluorochromic Use. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073225. [PMID: 37049988 PMCID: PMC10096808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, recent advances that exploit the intrinsic emission of organic materials for reversibly modulating their intensity with applied potential are surveyed. Key design strategies that have been adopted during the past five years for developing such electrofluorochromic materials are presented, focusing on molecular fluorophores that are coupled with redox-active moieties, intrinsically electroactive molecular fluorophores, and unconjugated emissive organic polymers. The structural effects, main challenges, and strides toward addressing the limitations of emerging fluorescent materials that are electrochemically responsive are surveyed, along with how these can be adapted for their use in electrofluorochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilies Seddiki
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de Chimie, Campus MIL, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Brelotte Idriss N’Diaye
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de Chimie, Campus MIL, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - W. G. Skene
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de Chimie, Campus MIL, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Ming S, Zhen S, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Lu B, Zhao J, Nie G, Xu J. Solvent-soluble thiophene-benzene based electrochromic polymers as electrode materials for supercapacitor. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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6
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Lin K, Wu C, Zhang G, Wu Z, Tang S, Lin Y, Li X, Jiang Y, Lin H, Wang Y, Ming S, Lu B. Toward High-Performance Electrochromic Conjugated Polymers: Influence of Local Chemical Environment and Side-Chain Engineering. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238424. [PMID: 36500516 PMCID: PMC9741092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Three homologous electrochromic conjugated polymers, each containing an asymmetric building block but decorated with distinct alkyl chains, were designed and synthesized using electrochemical polymerization in this study. The corresponding monomers, namely T610FBTT810, DT6FBT, and DT48FBT, comprise the same backbone structure, i.e., an asymmetric 5-fluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole unit substituted by two thiophene terminals, but were decorated with different types of alkyl chain (hexyl, 2-butyloctyl, 2-hexyldecyl, or 2-octyldecyl). The effects of the side-chain structure and asymmetric repeating unit on the optical absorption, electrochemistry, morphology, and electrochromic properties were investigated comparatively. It was found that the electrochromism conjugated polymer, originating from DT6FBT with the shortest and linear alkyl chain, exhibits the best electrochromic performance with a 25% optical contrast ratio and a 0.3 s response time. The flexible electrochromic device of PDT6FBT achieved reversible colors of navy and cyan between the neutral and oxidized states, consistent with the non-device phenomenon. These results demonstrate that subtle modification of the side chain is able to change the electrochromic properties of conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Lin
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (Y.W.); (S.M.); Tel.: +86-0760-8832-5742 (K.L.); Fax: +86-791-8382-3320 (K.L.)
| | - Changjun Wu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Guangyao Zhang
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Zhixin Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Shiting Tang
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Yingxin Lin
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Xinye Li
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Hengjia Lin
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- Department of Materials and Food, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (Y.W.); (S.M.); Tel.: +86-0760-8832-5742 (K.L.); Fax: +86-791-8382-3320 (K.L.)
| | - Shouli Ming
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (Y.W.); (S.M.); Tel.: +86-0760-8832-5742 (K.L.); Fax: +86-791-8382-3320 (K.L.)
| | - Baoyang Lu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
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7
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Abstract
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With the rapid development of optoelectronic fields,
electrochromic
(EC) materials and devices have received remarkable attention and
have shown attractive potential for use in emerging wearable and portable
electronics, electronic papers/billboards, see-through displays, and
other new-generation displays, due to the advantages of low power
consumption, easy viewing, flexibility, stretchability, etc. Despite
continuous progress in related fields, determining how to make electrochromics
truly meet the requirements of mature displays (e.g., ideal overall
performance) has been a long-term problem. Therefore, the commercialization
of relevant high-quality products is still in its infancy. In this
review, we will focus on the progress in emerging EC materials and
devices for potential displays, including two mainstream EC display
prototypes (segmented displays and pixel displays) and their commercial
applications. Among these topics, the related materials/devices, EC
performance, construction approaches, and processing techniques are
comprehensively disscussed and reviewed. We also outline the current
barriers with possible solutions and discuss the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gu
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Bo Jia
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Mo Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Sean Xiao-An Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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Ayalew H, Ali SA, She JW, Yu HH. Biguanide- and Oligo(Ethylene Glycol)-Functionalized Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene): Electroactive, Antimicrobial, and Antifouling Surface Coatings. Front Chem 2022; 10:955260. [PMID: 35991598 PMCID: PMC9389217 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.955260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenge of infectious diseases remains a critical concern to the global public health. Recently, it is common to encounter touch-screen electronic devices everywhere to access services. The surface of such devices may easily get contaminated by an infected person, which leads to transmission of infectious diseases between individuals. Moreover, the challenge is complicated by surgical infections from implantable biomedical devices. Such problems can be minimized by the use of long-term active antimicrobial surface coatings. We present herein the preparation of novel electroactive antimicrobial surface coatings through the covalent attachment of the biguanide moiety onto 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT). The biguanide-functionalized EDOT (EDOT-BG) was thus electropolymerized on different substrates to give the corresponding poly(EDOT-BG) polymer. The poly(EDOT-BG) polymer showed an excellent bactericidal efficiency (∼92% bacterial death) and excellent biocompatibility with mammalian cells. Furthermore, the antimicrobial EDOT-BG was electro-copolymerized with antifouling tetra ethylene glycol functionalized-EDOT (EDOT-EG4) to give a multifunctional poly(EDOT-EG4-co-EDOT-BG) copolymer. The poly(EDOT-EG4-co-EDOT-BG) copolymer showed excellent resistance to protein adsorption and mammalian/bacterial cell binding without losing its bactericidal efficiency. These novel materials can be applied to domestic and bioelectronic devices to minimize infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailemichael Ayalew
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Syed Atif Ali
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei She
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-hua Yu
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Hsiao-hua Yu,
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9
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Fully organic electroactive monomers for electrochromic behaviors having high coloration efficiency and long cycle stability towards flexible Solid-State electrochromic device. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Österholm AM, Nhon L, Shen DE, Dejneka AM, Tomlinson AL, Reynolds JR. Conquering residual light absorption in the transmissive states of organic electrochromic materials. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:252-260. [PMID: 34635899 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01136g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this short review, we provide an overview of our efforts in developing a family of anodically coloring electrochromic (EC) molecules that are fully transparent and colorless in the charge neutral state, and that can rapidly switch to a vibrantly colored state upon oxidation. We employ molecules with reduced conjugation lengths to center the neutral state absorption of the electrochrome in the ultraviolet, as desired for highly transparent and colorless materials. Oxidation creates radical cations that absorb light in the visible and near infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, thus providing a host of accessible colors. Combining a density functional theory (DFT) computational approach fed back to the synthetic effort, target molecules are proposed, synthesized and studied, directing us to develop a complete color palette based on these high contrast ACE molecules. Utilizing pendant phosphonic acid binding substituents in concert with high surface area mesoporous indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, the electrochromes can be distributed throughout the oxide film, bringing high extent of light absorption and color density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Österholm
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Linda Nhon
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - D Eric Shen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Abigail M Dejneka
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Aimée L Tomlinson
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, Georgia 30597, USA
| | - John R Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
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11
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Ming S, Zhen S, Zhang H, Han X, Zhang Y, Xu J, Zhao J. Electrochromic polymer with asymmetric substituents – Inhibit aggregation and modify respond speed. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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12
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Chua MH, Toh SHG, Ong PJ, Png ZM, Zhu Q, Xiong S, Xu J. Towards modulating the colour hues of isoindigo-based electrochromic polymers through variation of thiophene-based donor groups. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01531a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This paper demonstrated that the hues of both neutral and oxidised colours of isoindigo-based donor–acceptor polymers could be tuned subtly by means of variation of the number and type of donor groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hui Chua
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Singapore
| | - Sheng Heng Gerald Toh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Singapore
| | - Pin Jin Ong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Singapore
| | - Zhuang Mao Png
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Singapore
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Singapore
| | - Shanxin Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
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13
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Hu B. Neutral Black Color Showing Electrochromic Copolymer based on Dithienopyrroles and Benzothiadiazole Derivatives. ECS JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 10:076003. [DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ac10b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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14
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Macher S, Sassi M, Beverina L, Posset U, Schott M, Giffin GA, Löbmann P. Electrochromic Polymer Ink Derived from a Sidechain‐Modified EDOT for Electrochromic Devices with Colorless Bright State. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Macher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC Neunerplatz 2 D-97082 Würzburg Germany
| | - Mauro Sassi
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano-Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 I-20125 Milano Italy
| | - Luca Beverina
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano-Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 I-20125 Milano Italy
| | - Uwe Posset
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC Neunerplatz 2 D-97082 Würzburg Germany
| | - Marco Schott
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC Neunerplatz 2 D-97082 Würzburg Germany
| | - Guinevere A. Giffin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC Neunerplatz 2 D-97082 Würzburg Germany
| | - Peer Löbmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC Neunerplatz 2 D-97082 Würzburg Germany
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15
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Wang Y, Nie H, Han J, An Y, Zhang YM, Zhang SXA. Green revolution in electronic displays expected to ease energy and health crises. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:33. [PMID: 33550329 PMCID: PMC7867656 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The technological revolution of long-awaited energy-saving and vision-friendly displays represented by bistable display technology is coming. Here we discuss methods, challenges, and opportunities for implementing bistable displays in terms of molecular design, device structure, further expansion, and required criteria, hopefully benefiting the light-related community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Hui Nie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | - Jinsong Han
- State Grid Heilongjiang Electric Power Co., Ltd, Heihe Power Supply Company, Heihe, 164300, China
| | - Yaxun An
- Jiaxing IrS Display Technology Co., Ltd, Jiashan, 314113, China
| | - Yu-Mo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Sean Xiao-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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16
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Murto P, Elmas S, Méndez-Romero UA, Yin Y, Genene Z, Mone M, Andersson GG, Andersson MR, Wang E. Highly Stable Indacenodithieno[3,2- b]thiophene-Based Donor-Acceptor Copolymers for Hybrid Electrochromic and Energy Storage Applications. Macromolecules 2020; 53:11106-11119. [PMID: 33583955 PMCID: PMC7872426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Stable doping of indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene (IDTT) structures enables easy color tuning and significant improvement in the charge storage capacity of electrochromic polymers, making use of their full potential as electrochromic supercapacitors and in other emerging hybrid applications. Here, the IDTT structure is copolymerized with four different donor-acceptor-donor (DAD) units, with subtle changes in their electron-donating and electron-withdrawing characters, so as to obtain four different donor-acceptor copolymers. The polymers attain important form factor requirements for electrochromic supercapacitors: desired switching between achromatic black and transparent states (L*a*b* 45.9, -3.1, -4.2/86.7, -2.2, and -2.7 for PIDTT-TBT), high optical contrast (72% for PIDTT-TBzT), and excellent electrochemical redox stability (Ired/Iox ca. 1.0 for PIDTT-EBE). Poly[indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,8-diyl-alt-4,7-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-2-(2-hexyldecyl)-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole-7,7'-diyl] (PIDTT-EBzE) stands out as delivering simultaneously a high contrast (69%) and doping level (>100%) and specific capacitance (260 F g-1). This work introduces IDTT-based polymers as bifunctional electro-optical materials for potential use in color-tailored, color-indicating, and self-regulating smart energy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Murto
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
- Flinders
Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sait Elmas
- Flinders
Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Ulises A. Méndez-Romero
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
- Centro
de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C. (CIMAV), Unidad Monterrey, Alianza Norte
202, Parque PIIT, Apodaca, Nuevo León 66628, Mexico
| | - Yanting Yin
- Flinders
Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Zewdneh Genene
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Mariza Mone
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
- Flinders
Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Gunther G. Andersson
- Flinders
Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Mats R. Andersson
- Flinders
Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou
University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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17
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Electrosynthesis and Electrochromism of a New Crosslinked Polydithienylpyrrole with Diphenylpyrenylamine Subunits. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122777. [PMID: 33255477 PMCID: PMC7760582 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A new electroactive monomer with two 2,5-di(2-thienyl)pyrrole (SNS) units and one diphenylpyrenylamine (DPPA) subunit, namely N,N-bis(4-(2,5-di(2-thienyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-phenyl)-1-aminopyrene (DPPA-2SNS), was synthesized from 1,4-di-(2-thienyl)butane-1,4-dione with N,N-di(4-aminophenyl)-1-aminopyrene through the Paal–Knorr condensation reaction. Visible and near-infrared (NIR) electrochromic polymer films could be facilely generated on the ITO-glass surface by the electrochemical polymerization of DPPA-2SNS in an electrolyte solution. The electro-synthesized polymer films exhibit multi-staged redox processes and multi-colored anodic electrochromic behavior. A multi-colored electrochromism, with yellowish orange, greyish blue, and purplish black colors, was observed in the polymer film by applying a positive potential. The polymer films exhibit reasonable coloration efficiency, fast response time, and good cycling stability, especially when switched between neutral and the first oxidation states. For comparison, N-(1-pyrenyl)-2,5-di(2-thienyl)pyrrole (Py-SNS) was also prepared and characterized with electrochemical and electro-optical properties.
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18
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Lin K, Jian N, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Ming S, Zhen S, Jiang Q, Wang L, Wang Y, Xu J. Star-shaped trithiophene and hexathiophene functionalized truxenes: synthesis, electropolymerization, and electrochromism. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Fluorinated Oleophilic Electrochromic Copolymer Based on 3‐(N‐Trifluoroacetamido)thiophene and 3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT). ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Singhal S, Patra A. Benzothiadiazole bridged EDOT based donor-acceptor polymers with tunable optical, electrochemical, morphological and electrochromic performance: effects of solvents and electrolytes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14527-14536. [PMID: 32578623 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01884h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers have been widely studied for their tunable electronic properties, however, it is surprising that systematic studies on the effect of different solvents and electrolytes on their opto-electrochemical, morphological and electrochromic performance have drawn only little attention. In the presented work, nine different D-A polymer films, poly(4,7-di(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole) (a-i-P1), were electrosynthesised using different polar solvents (PC, MeCN and DCM) and supporting electrolytes (TBAPF6, TBAClO4 and TBABF4). A thorough study of these D-A polymer films using cyclic voltammetry, UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, FE-SEM, spectroelectrochemistry and electrochromic techniques has been performed. We found a significant effect of both the supporting electrolytes and solvents on the morphology of polymer films which correlates well with their opto-electronic properties. Films prepared using the TBAClO4/PC system show a smooth morphology with a significantly high coloration efficiency of 264 cm2 C-1 and an optical contrast of 65.3%. Such differences in the optical and electrochemical properties of polymer films were explained by the ion pair formation during polymerisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Singhal
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section, Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Asit Patra
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section, Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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21
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Neo WT, Ye Q, Chua MH, Zhu Q, Xu J. Solution-Processable Copolymers Based on Triphenylamine and 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene: Facile Synthesis and Multielectrochromism. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000156. [PMID: 32578302 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In comparison with traditional inorganic electrochromic materials, organic polymers offer advantages such as fast switching speed, flexibility, lightweightness, low cost and nontoxicity, solution-processability, and color tunability. Herein, a series of hyper-branched copolymers are synthesized from triphenylamine and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene with different feed ratios via iron(III) chloride (FeCl3 )-mediated oxidative polymerization. The resultant organic-soluble polymers are easily processable and their corresponding electrochromic devices are found to be stable with limited degradation upon 2500 cycles. In addition to their facile synthesis to achieve solution-processable polymers, studies also show that the polymers exhibit multielectrochromic properties and give rise to five colored states upon oxidative-doping by applying an external voltage between 0 and 2.0 V, providing an interesting example of polymers with unique electrochromic switching among up to five colors, from yellow at the neutral state, to pale green, pale purple, orange, and finally gray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Teng Neo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A:STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Qun Ye
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A:STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Ming Hui Chua
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A:STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A:STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A:STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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22
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Lv X, Bi Q, Tameev A, Zhang Y, Qian L, Ouyang M, Zhang C. A new green‐to‐transmissive polymer with electroactive poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) as an interface layer for achieving high‐performance electrochromic device. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Lv
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Bi
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Alexey Tameev
- The Laboratory for Electronic and Photonic Processes in Polymer NanomaterialsA.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Yujian Zhang
- Department of Materials ChemistryHuzhou University Huzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Qian
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Ouyang
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
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23
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Gupta S, Patra A. Facile polymerization method for poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and related polymers using iodine vapour. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03923f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple polymerization at room temperature using iodine vapour for preparation of PEDOT and PProDOT and their soluble derivatives in neat form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Gupta
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section
- Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg
- India
| | - Asit Patra
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section
- Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg
- India
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24
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Guven N, Sultanova H, Ozer B, Yucel B, Camurlu P. Tuning of electrochromic properties of electrogenerated polythiophenes through Ru(II) complex tethering and backbone derivatization. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Xue Z, Chen S, Gao N, Xue Y, Lu B, Watson OA, Zang L, Xu J. Structural Design and Applications of Stereoregular Fused Thiophenes and Their Oligomers and Polymers. POLYM REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2019.1673404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zexu Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Baoyang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olivia Anielle Watson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ling Zang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jingkun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
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26
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Yan B, Wang Y, Wu Y, Prox JD, Yang H, Guo L. Fast Electrochemical Netting of Composite Chains for Transferable Highly Conductive Polymeric Nanofilms. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8580-8589. [PMID: 31532678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b07120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Broad applications of electropolymerized conducting polymers (CPs) often prefer thinner soft electrodes to comply with downscaling of the fabrication resolution. However, high conductivity of existing CP films vanishes as thickness decreases to the nanoscale (i.e., below 100 nm), with an unclear mechanism so far. In this study, with an unprecedented family of polypyrrole (PPy) nanofilms that can be easily transferred in a fast and contamination-free manner, we are able to trace the initial development of electrical conductance along with chains' arrangement starting from the very early electrochemical deposition. Our results evidence that the classical nodular polymeric aggregation fundamentally accounts for the persistent losses of interchain connectivity and macroscopic conductivity at a limited thickness. Surprisingly, this seemingly disadvantageous structure can be altered into a large conjugated network to robustly restore the conductivity back to over 80 S cm-1 even below 100 nm, while the controllable formation, growth, and collapse of such networks radically vary the conductivity over a range of 3 orders of magnitude (0.8-129 S cm-1). These observations depict the first physical picture detailing how the long-range conductivity builds up in a growing conjugated network, which opens a route to fast synthesis and diverse applications of such highly conductive CP nanofilms.
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27
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Chu T, Yue H, Zhao Y, Du H, Zhang Y, Han X, Zhao J, Zhang J. Synthesis and characterization of D-A type conjugated electrochromic polymers with cross-linked structure employing a novel and multi-functionalized molecular as the acceptor unit. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Zhou C, Zhu C, Huang Z, Zhang W, Tang Q, Gong C. Di(pyridin‐4‐yl)aniline Derivatives with a Push‐Pull Electronic Structure: Synthesis and Electrochromic Properties. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan‐wen Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing MunicipalityCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Beibei Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Chun‐rong Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing MunicipalityCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Beibei Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Zhen‐jie Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing MunicipalityCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Beibei Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Wei‐jing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing MunicipalityCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Beibei Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Qian Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing MunicipalityCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Beibei Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Cheng‐bin Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing MunicipalityCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University, Tiansheng Street, Beibei Chongqing 400715 China
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29
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Chen X, Zhang J. Blue-to-transmissive electrochromic poly(2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine) (PEDOT-Me2) with improved optical contrast. J Solid State Electrochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-019-04343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Hu B, Li C, Liu Z, Zhang X, Luo W, Jin L. Synthesis and multi-electrochromic properties of asymmetric structure polymers based on carbazole-EDOT and 2, 5–dithienylpyrrole derivatives. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Yellow-to-blue switching of indole[3,2-b]carbazole-based electrochromic polymers and the corresponding electrochromic devices with outstanding photopic contrast, fast switching speed, and satisfactory cycling stability. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Singhal S, Yadav P, Naqvi S, Gupta S, Patra A. Donor-Acceptor-Donor Copolymers with 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene Moiety: Electropolymerization and Effect on Optoelectronic and Electrochromic Properties. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:3484-3492. [PMID: 31459563 PMCID: PMC6649091 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three random copolymers PE- co -M1, PE- co -M2, and PE- co -M3 were obtained by electrochemical polymerization of donor-acceptor-donor monomers M1, M2, and M3 with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene moiety, respectively, using a 1:1 molar ratio of the corresponding monomers, to find new properties and a more effective way to control the optoelectronic properties in conjugated system. For comparison purpose, polymers P1, P2, and P3 were prepared from the corresponding monomer units M1-M3, respectively, by electrochemical polymerization. We also present efficient synthesis, characterization, and comparative density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the monomers M1-M3 and polymers P1-P3. Cyclic voltammetry, spectroelectrochemistry, and electrochromic properties of all of the polymers P1-P3 and copolymers PE- co -M1, PE- co -M2, and PE- co -M3 were carried out and a throughout comparison was made. We have shown that electrochemical copolymerization is a powerful strategy to tune the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level, band gap, and color of the copolymer. Thus, this finding clearly indicates that the copolymers show significantly different optoelectronic properties compared to their constituent polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Singhal
- Photovoltaic
Metrology Section, Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Preeti Yadav
- Photovoltaic
Metrology Section, Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sheerin Naqvi
- Photovoltaic
Metrology Section, Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sonal Gupta
- Photovoltaic
Metrology Section, Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Asit Patra
- Photovoltaic
Metrology Section, Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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33
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Electroluminochromic Materials: From Molecules to Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11010098. [PMID: 30960082 PMCID: PMC6402020 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroluminochromism is an interesting property found in certain classes of molecules and polymers whose photoluminescence can be modulated through the application of an external electrical bias. Unlike electrochromic materials, electroluminochromic counterparts and their applications are comparatively fewer in quantity and are less established. Nonetheless, there prevails an increasing interest in this class of electro-active materials due to their potential applications in optoelectronics, such as smart-displays, and chemical and biological sensing. This review seeks to showcase the different classes of electroluminochromic materials with focus on (i) organic molecules, (ii) transition metal complexes, and (iii) organic polymers. The mechanisms and electroluminochromic performance of these classes of materials are summarized. This review should allow scientists to have a better and deeper understanding of materials design strategies and, more importantly, structure-property relationships and, thus, develops electroluminochromic materials with desired performance in the future.
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34
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Electrosynthesized alkyl-modified poly(3,4‑propylenedioxyselenophene) with superior electrochromic performances in an ionic liquid. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Bini K, Murto P, Elmas S, Andersson MR, Wang E. Broad spectrum absorption and low-voltage electrochromic operation from indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene-based copolymers. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01787e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The design and application of IDTT-based conjugated polymers for red-to-transparent and black-to-transparent electrochromic switching at low voltages are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Bini
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Applied Chemistry
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Petri Murto
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Applied Chemistry
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Göteborg
- Sweden
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology
| | - Sait Elmas
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology
- Flinders University
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Mats R. Andersson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology
- Flinders University
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Applied Chemistry
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Göteborg
- Sweden
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36
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Broadly absorbing bluish black-to-transmissive sky blue electrochromic polymer based on 3,4-dioxythiophene. J Solid State Electrochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-018-4106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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37
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Stekovic D, Itkis ME. Phenalenyl based neutral radical as a novel electrochromic material modulating visible to short-wave infrared light. RSC Adv 2018; 8:42068-42072. [PMID: 35558773 PMCID: PMC9092086 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09804b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Applications for energy saving smart windows require materials which can switch from transmissive to black states in both the visible and short-wave IR range. We introduce an electrochromic phenalenyl based neutral radical small molecule and design devices capable of modulating light in both of these ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Stekovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside California 92521 USA .,Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of California Riverside California 92521 USA
| | - Mikhail E Itkis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside California 92521 USA .,Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of California Riverside California 92521 USA.,Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside California 92521 USA
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38
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Qian L, Lv X, Ouyang M, Tameev A, Katin K, Maslov M, Bi Q, Huang C, Zhu R, Zhang C. Fast Switching Properties and Ion Diffusion Behavior of Polytriphenylamine Derivative with Pendent Ionic Liquid Unit. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:32404-32412. [PMID: 30178666 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel triphenylamine derivative-linked ionic liquid unit, 1-(6-((4-(bis(4-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)amino)benzoyl)oxy)hexyl)-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (TTPAC6IL-BF4), was designed and synthesized successfully, and its corresponding polymer PTTPAC6IL-BF4 was obtained by the electropolymerization method. The highest occupied molecular orbital energy band of TTPAC6IL-BF4 is higher and the onset oxidative potential lower compared with that of 6-bromohexyl 4-(bis(4-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)amino) benzoate (TTPAC6Br) without modifying the ionic liquid unit. Both PTTPAC6IL-BF4 and PTTPAC6Br show similar color change and optical contrast under different redox states. However, PTTPAC6IL-BF4 presents a faster electrochromic switching time than PTTPAC6Br owing to the improved ionic conductivity and ion diffusion coefficient with the introduction of a pendent ionic liquid unit. It is more intriguing that PTTPAC6IL-BF4 could show electrochromism under different potentials even without supplying any additional electrolyte. The particular behavior further proves that BF4- ions around imidazole cations at the side chain may participate in balancing the charge of the polymer backbone when redox reaction happens, resulting in faster movement of ions during the doping process. The results imply that introducing an ionic liquid unit to the side chain is an efficient method to improve the switching time of conjugated polymers and would be inspirational for the design and preparation of novel bifunctional electrochromic polymeric electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qian
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Lv
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
| | - Mi Ouyang
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
| | - Alexey Tameev
- The Laboratory for Electronic and Photonic Processes in Polymer Nanocomposites , A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow 119071 , Russia
| | - Konstantin Katin
- Nanoengineering in Electronics, Spintronics and Photonics Institute , National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) , Moscow 115409 , Russia
| | - Mikhail Maslov
- Nanoengineering in Electronics, Spintronics and Photonics Institute , National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) , Moscow 115409 , Russia
| | - Qian Bi
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
| | - Conghui Huang
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhu
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
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39
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Pan BC, Chen WH, Hsiao SH, Liou GS. A facile approach to prepare porous polyamide films with enhanced electrochromic performance. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:16613-16620. [PMID: 30155532 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04823a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Novel electroactive triphenylamine-based polyamide (PA) films with a purposeful porous structure have been designed and prepared by a simple route. Polymer thin films containing well dispersed electrolyte salts were prepared first, then channels of pores could be generated within the polymer film by washing the salts out. With the help of the porous channels, the diffusion rate between electroactive species and the electrolyte during the electrochemical process could be effectively increased. Consequently, the driving potential and electrochromic response time can be efficiently improved through this approach. Novel porous PA films with optimal results both in optical transparency and electrochemical properties could be readily obtained by choosing a commonly used supporting electrolyte TBABF4 as a salt in this study. When the PA films containing un-washed TBABF4 salt were further assembled into electrochromic devices (ECDs), the salt could then be leached out during the electrochemical redox switching process to form a porous film structure and also serves as a supporting electrolyte in ECDs simultaneously. Therefore, EC performance such as the driving potential and response time could be enhanced obviously by this simplified fabrication procedure of ECDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Cheng Pan
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617.
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40
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Santra DC, Nad S, Malik S. Electrochemical polymerization of triphenylamine end-capped dendron: Electrochromic and electrofluorochromic switching behaviors. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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41
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Chen X, Yang M, Qu Q, Zhao Q, Zou W. A regiosymmetric blue-to-transmissive electrochromic polymer based on 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene with bromomethyl pendant groups. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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42
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Cheng X, Ju X, Du H, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Xie Y. Synthesis and characterization of novel donor-acceptor type electrochromic polymers containing diketopyrrolopyrrole as an acceptor and propylenedioxythiophene or indacenodithiophene as a donor. RSC Adv 2018; 8:23119-23129. [PMID: 35540135 PMCID: PMC9081592 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03570a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A range of low band gap donor-acceptor conjugated polymers (P1-P3) with backbones composed of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP), propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT) and indacenodithiophene (IDT) units were designed and synthesized using the Stille coupling reaction. The optical, electrochemical and electrochromic properties of the resultant polymers were thoroughly characterized. These polymers showed exceptional solubility in common organic solvents and displayed thermal stability at a high temperature. The optical and electrochemical measurements revealed slight variations in the maximum absorptions and oxidation peaks depending on the intrinsic D-A ratio in each polymer, and narrow band gaps lower than 1.60 eV were found for these polymers. Upon oxidation, the polymer films exhibit distinct color changes (pale violet-red to dark gray for P1, rosy brown to silver for P2, atrovirens to light grey for P3) in the VIS and NIR regions. Moreover, the electrochromic switching studies indicated that these polymers have favorable switching properties, such as rapid response speed and high optical contrast and coloration efficiency, and are outstanding candidates for electrochromic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University Nanyang 473061 P. R. China
| | - Xiuping Ju
- Dongchang College, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Du
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 P. R. China
| | - Yu Xie
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 P. R. China
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43
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Ibanez JG, Rincón ME, Gutierrez-Granados S, Chahma M, Jaramillo-Quintero OA, Frontana-Uribe BA. Conducting Polymers in the Fields of Energy, Environmental Remediation, and Chemical–Chiral Sensors. Chem Rev 2018; 118:4731-4816. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G. Ibanez
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Iberoamericana, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, 01219 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marina. E. Rincón
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 34, 62580, Temixco, MOR, Mexico
| | - Silvia Gutierrez-Granados
- Departamento de Química, DCNyE, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, Pueblito
de Rocha, 36080 Guanajuato, GTO Mexico
| | - M’hamed Chahma
- Laurentian University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Oscar A. Jaramillo-Quintero
- CONACYT-Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 34, 62580 Temixco, MOR, Mexico
| | - Bernardo A. Frontana-Uribe
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable, UAEM-UNAM, Km 14.5 Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca, Toluca 50200, Estado de México Mexico
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito
exterior Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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44
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Synthesis and electrochromic performances of donor-acceptor-type polymers from chalcogenodiazolo [3,4-c]pyridine and alkyl ProDOTs. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Kurowska A, Zassowski P, Kostyuchenko AS, Zheleznova TY, Andryukhova KV, Fisyuk AS, Pron A, Domagala W. Effect of donor to acceptor ratio on electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of oligoalkylthiophene 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:30261-30276. [PMID: 29110005 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05155g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A structure-property study across a series of donor-acceptor-donor structures composed of mono- and bi-(1,3,4-oxadiazole) units symmetrically substituted with alkyl functionalized bi-, ter- and quaterthiophene segments is presented. Synthetically tailoring the ratio of electron-withdrawing 1,3,4-oxadiazole to electron-releasing thiophene units and their alkyl grafting pattern permitted us to scrutinize the impact of these structural factors on the redox, absorptive and emissive properties of these push-pull molecules. Contrasting trends of redox potentials were observed, with the oxidation potential closely following the donor-to-acceptor ratio, whereas the reduction potential being tuned independently by either the number of acceptor units or the conjugation length of the donor-acceptor system. Increasing the thiophene unit contribution delivered a shift from blue to green luminescence, while the structural rigidity afforded by intramolecular non-covalent interactions between 1,3,4-oxadiazole and the thiophene moieties has been identified as the prime factor determining the emission efficiency of these molecules. All six structures investigated electro-polymerize easily, yielding electroactive and electrochromic polymers. The polymer doping process is largely influenced by the length of the oligothiophene repeating unit and the alkyl chain grafting density. Polymers with relatively short oligothiophene segments are able to support polarons and polaron-pairs, whereas those with segments longer than six thiophene units could also stabilize diamagnetic charge carries - bipolarons. Increasing the alkyl chain grafting density improved the reversibility and broadened the working potential window of the p-doping process. Stable radical anions have also been investigated, bringing detailed information about the conjugation pattern of these electron-surplus species. This study delivers interesting clues towards the conscious structural design of bespoke frontier energy level oligothiophene functional materials and their polymers by incorporating a structurally matching 1,3,4-oxadiazole unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kurowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Marcina Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Pawel Zassowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Marcina Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Anastasia S Kostyuchenko
- Laboratory of New Organic Materials, Omsk State Technical University, Mira ave. 11, Omsk 644050, Russian Federation and RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya st, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana Yu Zheleznova
- Laboratory of New Organic Materials, Omsk State Technical University, Mira ave. 11, Omsk 644050, Russian Federation
| | - Kseniya V Andryukhova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Omsk F. M. Dostoevsky State University, Mira ave. 55A, Omsk 644077, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Fisyuk
- Laboratory of New Organic Materials, Omsk State Technical University, Mira ave. 11, Omsk 644050, Russian Federation and Department of Organic Chemistry, Omsk F. M. Dostoevsky State University, Mira ave. 55A, Omsk 644077, Russian Federation
| | - Adam Pron
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Domagala
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Marcina Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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46
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Hsiao SH, Chen YZ. Electrosynthesis of redox-active and electrochromic polymer films from triphenylamine-cored star-shaped molecules end-capped with arylamine groups. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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47
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Zhang Y, Kong L, Ju X, Du H, Zhao J, Xie Y. Synthesis and characterization of novel donor–acceptor type neutral green electrochromic polymers containing an indolo[3,2-b]carbazole donor and diketopyrrolopyrrole acceptor. RSC Adv 2018; 8:21252-21264. [PMID: 35539948 PMCID: PMC9080953 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03552k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Indolocarbazole bearing donor–acceptor type polymers have rarely been reported in the electrochromic field despite them having considerable development in the applications of organic photoelectric devices. In this paper, two novel soluble electrochromic polymers, namely PDTCZ-1 and PDTCZ-2, were prepared by chemical polymerization including indolo[3,2-b]carbazole (IC) units as the donor, diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) units as the acceptor and bithiophene units as the bridging group. Through diverse characterization techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was found that PDTCZ-1 and PDTCZ-2 exhibited saturated green in the neutral state and pale green in the oxidized state with optical band gaps of 1.44 eV and 1.39 eV, respectively, as well as demonstrating fast switching speed, satisfactory coloration efficiency and favorable thermal stability. In addition, the proportion of donors to acceptors definitely exerted an influence on the electrochromic properties of the polymers. As the thiophene/IC/DPP ratio changed from 4/3/1 (PDTCZ-1) to 5/4/1 (PDTCZ-2), meaning an increase of the donor ratio, the polymer showed a reduced onset oxidation potential, decreased optical band gap and different dynamic parameters. The positive results suggest that PDTCZ-1 and PDTCZ-2 could be promising candidates as neutral green electrochromic materials and deserve more attention and penetrating research. Two novel neutral green D–A type conjugated polymers were synthesized, illustrating satisfactory electrochromic properties, such as low band gaps, desirable color switches, excellent solubility and favorable thermal stability.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Lingqian Kong
- Dongchang College
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Xiuping Ju
- Dongchang College
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Du
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Xie
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang 330063
- PR China
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48
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Shi Y, Zhang Y, Tang K, Song Y, Cui J, Shu X, Wang Y, Liu J, Wu Y. In situ growth of PEDOT/graphene oxide nanostructures with enhanced electrochromic performance. RSC Adv 2018; 8:13679-13685. [PMID: 35539323 PMCID: PMC9079825 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01153b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Designed growth of a novel PEDOT/graphene oxide (GO) hybrid and obtained hybrid demonstrates superior electrochromic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdi Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province
| | - Kai Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province
| | - Yanbin Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province
| | - Jiewu Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province
| | - Xia Shu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province
| | - Jiaqin Liu
- Institute of Industry & Equipment Technology
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Yucheng Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province
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49
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Soganci T, Gumusay O, Soyleyici HC, Ak M. Synthesis of highly branched conducting polymer architecture for electrochromic applications. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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50
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Zhang Q, Tsai CY, Abidin T, Jiang JC, Shie WR, Li LJ, Liaw DJ. Transmissive-to-black fast electrochromic switching from a long conjugated pendant group and a highly dispersed polymer/SWNT. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01863k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Electrochromic polymer (ECPblack) demonstrates an ultrahigh contrast ratio (over 80%) in most of the visible regions, and its electrochemical and electrochromic behaviors remarkably accelerate by doping nanotube/polytriarylamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- 10607 Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Chou-Yi Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- 10607 Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Taufik Abidin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- 10607 Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Chiang Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- 10607 Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ru Shie
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- 10607 Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Lain-Jong Li
- Material Science and Engineering
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Der-Jang Liaw
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- 10607 Taipei
- Taiwan
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