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Walsh MP, Barclay JA, Begg CS, Xuan J, Johnson NT, Cole JC, Kitching MO. Identifying a Hidden Conglomerate Chiral Pool in the CSD. JACS AU 2022; 2:2235-2250. [PMID: 36311827 PMCID: PMC9597607 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Conglomerate crystallization is the spontaneous generation of individually enantioenriched crystals from a nonenantioenriched material. This behavior is responsible for spontaneous resolution and the discovery of molecular chirality by Pasteur. The phenomenon of conglomerate crystallization of chiral organic molecules has been left largely undocumented, with no actively curated list available in the literature. While other crystallographic behaviors can be interrogated by automated searching, conglomerate crystallizations are not identified within the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) and are therefore not accessible by conventional automated searching. By conducting a manual search of the CSD and literature, a list of over 1800 chiral species capable of conglomerate crystallization was curated by inspection of the racemic synthetic routes described in each publication. The majority of chiral conglomerate crystals are produced and published by synthetic chemists who seldom note and rarely exploit the implications this phenomenon can have on the enantiopurity of their crystalline materials. With their structures revealed, we propose that this list of compounds represents a new chiral pool which is not tied to biological sources of chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Walsh
- Department
of Chemistry Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Rd, DurhamDH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
| | - James A. Barclay
- Department
of Chemistry Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Rd, DurhamDH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
| | - Callum S. Begg
- Department
of Chemistry Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Rd, DurhamDH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
| | - Jinyi Xuan
- Department
of Chemistry Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Rd, DurhamDH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
| | - Natalie T. Johnson
- Cambridge
Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, CambridgeCB2 1EZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jason C. Cole
- Cambridge
Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, CambridgeCB2 1EZ, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew O. Kitching
- Department
of Chemistry Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Rd, DurhamDH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
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Samigullina AI, Fayzullin RR, Voronina JK, Murtazina AM, Mamedov VA, Gubaidullin AT. Polymorphism in a benzo[b][1,4]diazepine derivative: Crystal structure, phase behavior and selective influence of solvents. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chirality, Gelation Ability and Crystal Structure: Together or Apart? Alkyl Phenyl Ethers of Glycerol as Simple LMWGs. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13040732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral recognition plays an important role in the self-assembly of soft materials, in particular supramolecular organogels formed by low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs). Out of 14 pairs of the studied racemic and enantiopure samples of alkyl-substituted phenyl ethers of glycerol, only eight enantiopure diols form the stable gels in nonane. The formation of gels from solutions was studied by polarimetry, and their degradation with the formation of xerogels was studied by the PXRD method. The revealed crystalline characteristics of all studied xerogels corresponded to those for crystalline samples of the parent gelators. In addition to those previously investigated, crystalline samples of enantiopure para-n-alkylphenyl glycerol ethers [alkyl = pentyl (5), hexyl (6), heptyl (7), octyl (8), nonyl (9)] and racemic 3-(3,5-dimethylphenoxy)propane-1,2-diol (rac-14) have been examined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Among 22 samples of compounds 1–14 studied by SC-XRD, seven different types of supramolecular motifs are identified, of which only two are realized in crystals of supramolecular gelators. An attempt was made to relate the ability to gel formation with the characteristics of the supramolecular motif of a potential gelling agent, and the frequency of formation of the motif, required for gelation, with the chiral characteristics of the sample.
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Gerasimova DP, Saifina AF, Zakharychev DV, Vandyukova II, Fayzullin RR, Kurbangalieva AR, Lodochnikova OA. Packing Polymorphism on the Example of 5-Hydroxy-1-(4-Methylbenzyl)-3-Chloro-4-[(4-Chlorophenyl)Sulfanyl]-1,5-Dihydro-2H-Pyrrol-2-One: A Crystallographic, Thermochemical, and Spectroscopic Study. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476620030142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bredikhina ZA, Kurenkov AV, Zakharychev DV, Krivolapov DB, Bredikhin AA. New example of spontaneous resolution among aryl glycerol ethers: 3-(2,6-dichlorophenoxy)propane-1,2-diol. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Skoblin AA, Stovbun SV. Supercoiling as a Physical Process Providing Formation of Macroscopic Anisometric Supramolecular Structures. Bull Exp Biol Med 2015; 159:607-9. [PMID: 26459482 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-015-3025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Solutions of chiral and achiral trifluoroacetyl amino alcohols (TFAAA) contain anisometric structures with a diameter <1 nm and length ~7 nm. In homochiral solutions and xerogels, chiral TFAAA form strings with a diameter of ~30-100 nm and length more than ~1 μ, and achiral TFAAA condensate into isometric granule with diameter of ~1 μ. We conclude that molecular chirality determines helicity of strings within tens of nanometers or more. Stabilization of supramolecular structure of strings is presumably achieved via their supercoiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Skoblin
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - S V Stovbun
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Bredikhin AA, Zakharychev DV, Fayzullin RR, Bredikhina ZA, Gubaidullin AT. Conglomerate formative precursor of chiral drug timolol: 3-(4-Morpholino-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yloxy)-propane-1,2-diol. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Bredikhina ZA, Kurenkov AV, Krivolapov DB, Bredikhin AA. Stereoselective crystallization of 3-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propane-1,2-diol: preparation of the single-enantiomer drug mexiletine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Coquerel G. Solubility of chiral species as function of the enantiomeric excess. J Pharm Pharmacol 2015; 67:869-78. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The solubility of racemizable and nonracemizable chiral species is discussed in terms of: enantiomeric excess, nature of solvent and the solid phases, which are in equilibrium with a saturated solution. Stable and metastable equilibria are contemplated by an extensive used of phase diagrams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Coquerel
- Normandie Université, Crystal Genesis Unit SMS EA3233 IMR 4114, 1 Rue Tresniere Université de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan CEDEX, France
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Fayzullin RR, Antonovich OA, Zakharychev DV, Bredikhina ZA, Kurenkov AV, Bredikhin AA. Synthesis and some features of phase behavior of chiral p-alkoxyphenyl glycerol ethers. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428015020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gubaidullin AT, Samigullina AI, Bredikhina ZA, Bredikhin AA. Crystal structure of chiral ortho-alkyl phenyl ethers of glycerol: true racemic compound, normal, false and anomalous conglomerates within the single five-membered family. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00519h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kumar DK, Steed JW. Supramolecular gel phase crystallization: orthogonal self-assembly under non-equilibrium conditions. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2080-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60224a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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13
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Bredikhin AA, Gubaidullin AT, Bredikhina ZA, Fayzullin RR, Samigullina AI, Zakharychev DV. Phase behavior and crystal structure of 3-(1-naphthyloxy)- and 3-(4-indolyloxy)-propane-1,2-diol, synthetic precursors of chiral drugs propranolol and pindolol. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Bredikhin AA, Zakharychev DV, Fayzullin RR, Antonovich OA, Pashagin AV, Bredikhina ZA. Chiral para-alkyl phenyl ethers of glycerol: synthesis and testing of chirality driven crystallization, liquid crystal, and gelating properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Crystallization of chiral compounds: thermodynamical, structural and practical aspects. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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