1
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Solem N, Romanzin C, Alcaraz C, Thissen R. An innovative method to identify structural change through ion-molecule collision, making use of Time-Of-Flight measurements and SIMION simulations. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2024; 59:e5066. [PMID: 38888354 DOI: 10.1002/jms.5066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Structural change of ions induced by collision with a neutral has been studied in a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer, using Time-Of-Flight measurements and SIMION simulation. The exothermic catalytic isomerization of HOC+ to HCO+ is used to explore the new methodology. Isomerization is catalyzed via a proton transport mechanism through the interplay of a neutral molecule, the catalyst. Four different potential catalysts, Ne, D2, CH4, and C18O, were studied at different collision energies. SIMION simulation of the ion path and collision in the instrument leads to the highlight of a specific signature related to the catalytic isomerization in the time-of-flight spectra. This signature is used to identify the experimental conditions where isomerization takes place. Only C18O, at low collision energies, gives a clear signature of catalytic isomerization, and a quantitative estimate of the catalyzed isomerization cross-section and rate constant is derived. This new methodology is sensitive to clear presence of catalyzed isomerization and can be used in instruments designed for cross-section measurements, provided low collision energy is used and ion bunching is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Solem
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Claire Romanzin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Christian Alcaraz
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Roland Thissen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Orsay, 91405, France
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2
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Richardson V, Valença Ferreira de Aragão E, He X, Pirani F, Mancini L, Faginas-Lago N, Rosi M, Martini LM, Ascenzi D. Fragmentation of interstellar methanol by collisions with He˙ +: an experimental and computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:22437-22452. [PMID: 36102850 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02458f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Methanol is a key species in astrochemistry as its presence and reactivity provides a primary route to the synthesis of more complex interstellar organic molecules (iCOMs) that may eventually be incorporated in newly formed planetary systems. In the interstellar medium, methanol is formed by hydrogenation of CO ices on grains, and its fate upon collisions with interstellar ions should be accounted for to correctly model iCOM abundances in objects at various stages of stellar evolution. The absolute cross sections (CSs) and branching ratios (BRs) for the collisions of He˙+ ions with CH3OH are measured, as a function of the collision energy, using a Guided Ion Beam Mass Spectrometer (GIB-MS). Insights into the dissociative electron (charge) exchange mechanism have been obtained by computing the entrance and exit multidimensional Potential Energy Surfaces (PESs) and by modelling the non-adiabatic transitions using an improved Landau-Zener-Stückelberg approach. Notably, the dynamical treatment reproducing the experimental findings includes a strong orientation effect of the system formed by the small He˙+ ion and the highly polar CH3OH molecule, in the electric field gradient associated to the strongly anisotropic intermolecular interaction. This is a stereodynamical effect that plays a fundamental role in collision events occurring under a variety of conditions, with kinetic energy confined within intervals ranging from the sub-thermal to the hyper-thermal regime.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emília Valença Ferreira de Aragão
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Università degli studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Master-Tec s.r.l., Via Sicilia 41, Perugia, Italy
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
| | - Fernando Pirani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Università degli studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Università degli studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Mancini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Università degli studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Noelia Faginas-Lago
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Università degli studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Master-Tec s.r.l., Via Sicilia 41, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marzio Rosi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Università degli studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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3
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Perspectives of Gas Phase Ion Chemistry: Spectroscopy and Modeling. CONDENSED MATTER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/condmat7030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study of ions in the gas phase has a long history and has involved both chemists and physicists. The interplay of their competences with the use of very sophisticated commercial and/or homemade instrumentations and theoretical models has improved the knowledge of thermodynamics and kinetics of many chemical reactions, even if still many stages of these processes need to be fully understood. The new technologies and the novel free-electron laser facilities based on plasma acceleration open new opportunities to investigate the chemical reactions in some unrevealed fundamental aspects. The synchrotron light source can be put beside the FELs, and by mass spectrometric techniques and spectroscopies coupled with versatile ion sources it is possible to really change the state of the art of the ion chemistry in different areas such as atmospheric and astro chemistry, plasma chemistry, biophysics, and interstellar medium (ISM). In this manuscript we review the works performed by a joint combination of the experimental studies of ion–molecule reactions with synchrotron radiation and theoretical models adapted and developed to the experimental evidence. The review concludes with the perspectives of ion–molecule reactions by using FEL instrumentations as well as pump probe measurements and the initial attempt in the development of more realistic theoretical models for the prospective improvement of our predictive capability.
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4
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Giustini A, Winfough M, Czekner J, Sztáray B, Meloni G, Bodi A. Photoionization of Two Potential Biofuel Additives: γ-Valerolactone and Methyl Butyrate. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:10711-10724. [PMID: 34918933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The photoionization of two potential biofuel additives, γ-valerolactone (GVL, C5H8O2) and methyl butyrate (MB, C5H10O2) has been studied by imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy (iPEPICO) at the VUV beamline of the Swiss Light Source (SLS). The vibrational fine structure in the photoelectron spectrum is compared with a Franck-Condon simulation for the electronic ground-state band of the GVL cation. In the lowest energy dissociative photoionization channel of GVL, CO2 is lost, resulting in a 1-butene fragment ion with a 0 K appearance energy of E0 = 10.35 ± 0.01 eV. A newly calculated 1-butene ionization energy of 9.595 ± 0.015 eV establishes the reverse barrier height to CO2 loss as 66.6 ± 4.3 kJ mol-1. Methyl butyrate cations undergo McLafferty rearrangement, which explains the missing ion signal at the computed adiabatic ionization energy of 9.25 eV. After H transfer, ethylene is lost in the lowest energy dissociation channel to yield the methyl acetate enol ion at E0 = 10.24 ± 0.04 eV. This value connects the energetics of methyl butyrate with that of methyl acetate enol ion, which is established at ΔfHo0K[CH2C(OH)OCH3+] = 502 ± 6 kJ mol-1. Parallel to ethylene loss, methyl loss is also observed from the enol tautomer of the parent ion. Both samples exhibit low-energy nonstatistical dissociative ionization channels. In GVL, the methyl-loss abundance rises quickly but levels off suddenly in the energy range of the first electronically excited states, indicating nonstatistical competition between CH3 and CO2 loss. In MB, the major parallel dissociation channel is the loss of a methoxy radical. Calculations indicate that McLafferty rearrangement is inhibited on the excited-state surface. Indeed, breakdown curve modeling of this and a sequential CO-loss channel confirms a second statistical regime in dissociative photoionization, decoupled from ethylene loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giustini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Matthew Winfough
- Department of Chemistry, University of San Francisco, 2130 Fulton Street, San Francisco, California 94117-1080, United States
| | - Joseph Czekner
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bálint Sztáray
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Giovanni Meloni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, University of San Francisco, 2130 Fulton Street, San Francisco, California 94117-1080, United States
| | - Andras Bodi
- Laboratory for Femtochemistry and Synchrotron Radiation, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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5
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Catone D, Satta M, Castrovilli MC, Bolognesi P, Avaldi L, Cartoni A. Photoionization of methanol: a molecular source for the prebiotic chemistry. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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6
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Wu X, Zhou X, Bjelić S, Hemberger P, Bodi A. Valence Photoionization and Energetics of Vanillin, a Sustainable Feedstock Candidate. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3327-3340. [PMID: 33872037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the valence photoionization of vanillin by photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy in the 8.20-19.80 eV photon energy range. Vertical ionization energies by EOM-IP-CCSD calculations reproduce the photoelectron spectral features. Composite method calculations and Franck-Condon simulation of the weak, ground-state band yield the adiabatic ionization energy of the most stable vanillin conformer as 8.306(20) eV. The lowest energy dissociative photoionization channels correspond to hydrogen atom, carbon monoxide, and methyl losses, which form the dominant C8H7O3+ (m/z 151) and the less intense C7H8O2+ (m/z 124) and C7H5O3+ (m/z 137) fragment ions in parallel dissociation channels at modeled 0 K appearance energies of 10.13(1), 10.40(3), and 10.58(10) eV, respectively. On the basis of the breakdown diagram, we explore the energetics of sequential methyl and carbon monoxide loss channels, which dominate the fragmentation mechanism at higher photon energies. The 0 K appearance energy for sequential CO loss from the m/z 151 fragment to C7H7O2+ (m/z 123) is 12.99(10) eV, and for sequential CH3 loss from the m/z 123 fragment to C6H4O2+ (m/z 108), it is 15.40(20) eV based on the model. Finally, we review the thermochemistry of the bi- and trifunctionalized benzene derivatives guaiacol, hydroxybenzaldehyde, anisaldehyde, and vanillin. On the basis of isodesmic functional group exchange reactions, we propose new enthalpies of formations, among them ΔfH°298K(vanillin, g) = -383.5 ± 2.9 kJ mol-1. These mechanistic insights and ab initio thermochemistry results will support analytical works to study lignin conversion involving vanillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Wu
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaoguo Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Saša Bjelić
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Andras Bodi
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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7
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Bodi A, Hemberger P, Tuckett RP. From Energetics to Intracluster Chemistry: Valence Photoionization of Trifluoromethylsulfur Pentafluoride (CF 3SF 5) by Double Velocity Map Imaging. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:2601-2611. [PMID: 33729793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trifluoromethylsulfur pentafluoride (CF3SF5) was valence threshold photoionized in a double imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectrometer using vacuum ultraviolet synchrotron radiation. In the 12.5-16.4 eV photon energy range, CF3+, SF5+, and SF3+ cations were observed in both room temperature (RT) and molecular beam (MB) experiments. Their fractional abundances exhibited differences beyond the sample temperature. Kinetic energy analysis of the fragment ions confirmed the difference in the dissociative photoionization mechanism. In the RT experiment, the CF3+ kinetic energies were extrapolated to a 11.84 ± 0.15 eV threshold, which was used in an ion cycle to determine the enthalpy of formation of CF3SF5 as ΔfH°298K(CF3SF5) = -1593 ± 16 kJ mol-1. We also updated the enthalpy of formation of the sulfur pentafluoride radical as ΔfH°298K(SF5) = -854 ± 7 kJ mol-1 and discuss the discrepancy between the CF3 ionization energy based on the Active Thermochemical Tables and the value anchored to the CF ionization energy. A computed reaction enthalpy network optimization resulted in ΔfH°298K(CF3SF5) = -1608 ± 20 kJ mol-1. Both values for ΔfH°298K(CF3SF5) agree with previous ab initio ones in contrast to the original, experimental determination. SF3+ is formed by F-transfer processes both in the RT and MB experiments. Although the same peaks were observed in both experiments, the lower SF3+ onset energy and the more slowly rising CF3+ kinetic energy release in the MB experiment revealed clustering and intracluster F-transfer reactions upon ionization. The monomer and dimer cation potential energy surfaces were explored to rationalize the observations. In the dimer cation, the observer CF3SF5 catalyzes fluorine transfer and promotes CF4 formation, which ultimately leads to the SF3+ fragment ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Bodi
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Richard P Tuckett
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
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8
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Gope K, Livshits E, Bittner DM, Baer R, Strasser D. Absence of Triplets in Single-Photon Double Ionization of Methanol. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8108-8113. [PMID: 32897727 PMCID: PMC7595352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite the abundance of data concerning single-photon double ionization of methanol, the spin state of the emitted electron pair has never been determined. Here we present the first evidence that identifies the emitted electron pair spin as overwhelmingly singlet when the dication forms in low-energy configurations. The experimental data show that while the yield of the CH2O+ + H3+ Coulomb explosion channel is abundant, the metastable methanol dication is largely absent. According to high-level ab initio simulations, these facts indicate that photoionization promptly forms singlet dication states, where they quickly decompose through various channels, with significant H3+ yields on the low-lying states. In contrast, if we assume that the initial dication is formed in one of the low-lying triplet states, the ab initio simulations exhibit a metastable dication, contradicting the experimental findings. Comparing the average simulated branching ratios with the experimental data suggests a >3 order of magnitude enhancement of the singlet:triplet ratio compared with their respective 1:3 multiplicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Gope
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ester Livshits
- Fritz
Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Dror M. Bittner
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Roi Baer
- Fritz
Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Daniel Strasser
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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9
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Weidner P, Voronova K, Bodi A, Sztáray B. Dissociative photoionization of 1,3-dioxolane: We need six channels to fit the elephant. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4522. [PMID: 32510769 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The dissociative photoionization of 1,3-dioxolane was studied by photoelectron photoion coincidence (PEPICO) spectroscopy in the photon energy range of 9.5-13.5 eV. Our statistical thermodynamics model shows that a total of six dissociation channels are involved in the formation of three fragment ions, namely, C3 H5 O2 + (m/z 73), C2 H5 O+ (m/z 45), and C2 H4 O+ (m/z 44), with two channels contributing to the formation of each. By comparing the results of ab initio quantum chemical calculations to the experimentally derived appearance energies of the fragment ions, the most likely mechanisms for these unimolecular dissociation reactions are proposed, including a description of the relevant parts of the potential energy surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Weidner
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, 95211, USA
| | - Krisztina Voronova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, 89557, USA
| | - Andras Bodi
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Bálint Sztáray
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, 95211, USA
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10
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Ando T, Iwasaki A, Yamanouchi K. Strong-field Fourier transform vibrational spectroscopy of methanol cation and its isotopologues using few-cycle near-infrared laser pulses. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1572244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Ando
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamanouchi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Bodi A, Hemberger P. Low-Energy Photoelectron Spectrum and Dissociative Photoionization of the Smallest Amides: Formamide and Acetamide. J Phys Chem A 2018; 123:272-283. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b10373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andras Bodi
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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12
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Coherent vibrations in methanol cation probed by periodic H3+ ejection after double ionization. Commun Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-017-0006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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13
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Voronova K, Ervin KM, Torma KG, Hemberger P, Bodi A, Gerber T, Osborn DL, Sztáray B. Radical Thermometers, Thermochemistry, and Photoelectron Spectra: A Photoelectron Photoion Coincidence Spectroscopy Study of the Methyl Peroxy Radical. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:534-539. [PMID: 29290108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the simplest alkylperoxy radical, CH3OO, formed by reacting photolytically generated CH3 radicals with O2, using the new combustion reactions followed by photoelectron photoion coincidence (CRF-PEPICO) apparatus at the Swiss Light Source. Modeling the experimental photoion mass-selected threshold photoelectron spectrum using Franck-Condon simulations including transitions to triplet and singlet cationic states yielded the adiabatic ionization energy of 10.265 ± 0.025 eV. Dissociative photoionization of CH3OO generates the CH3+ fragment ion at the appearance energy of 11.164 ± 0.010 eV. Combining these two values with ΔfH0K°(CH3) yields ΔfH0K°(CH3OO) = 22.06 ± 0.97 kJ mol-1, reducing the uncertainty of the previously determined value by a factor of 5. Statistical simulation of the CH3OO breakdown diagram provides a molecular thermometer of the free radical's internal temperature, which we measured to be 330 ± 30 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Voronova
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific , Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Kent M Ervin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno , Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Krisztián G Torma
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific , Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | | | - Andras Bodi
- Paul Scherrer Institute , CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gerber
- Paul Scherrer Institute , CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - David L Osborn
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Bálint Sztáray
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific , Stockton, California 95211, United States
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14
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Spezia R, Martínez-Nuñez E, Vazquez S, Hase WL. Theoretical and computational studies of non-equilibrium and non-statistical dynamics in the gas phase, in the condensed phase and at interfaces. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2017; 375:20170035. [PMID: 28320909 PMCID: PMC5360905 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this Introduction, we show the basic problems of non-statistical and non-equilibrium phenomena related to the papers collected in this themed issue. Over the past few years, significant advances in both computing power and development of theories have allowed the study of larger systems, increasing the time length of simulations and improving the quality of potential energy surfaces. In particular, the possibility of using quantum chemistry to calculate energies and forces 'on the fly' has paved the way to directly study chemical reactions. This has provided a valuable tool to explore molecular mechanisms at given temperatures and energies and to see whether these reactive trajectories follow statistical laws and/or minimum energy pathways. This themed issue collects different aspects of the problem and gives an overview of recent works and developments in different contexts, from the gas phase to the condensed phase to excited states.This article is part of the themed issue 'Theoretical and computational studies of non-equilibrium and non-statistical dynamics in the gas phase, in the condensed phase and at interfaces'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Spezia
- Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, CEA CNRS Université Paris Saclay, 91025 Evry, France
- LAMBE, Université d'Evry, 91025 Evry, France
| | - Emilio Martínez-Nuñez
- Departamento de Química Física and Centro Singular de Investigación en Química, Biológica y Materiales Moleculares (CIQUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Saulo Vazquez
- Departamento de Química Física and Centro Singular de Investigación en Química, Biológica y Materiales Moleculares (CIQUS), Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - William L Hase
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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15
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Wu X, Zhou X, Hemberger P, Bodi A. Dissociative Photoionization of Dimethyl Carbonate: The More It Is Cut, the Bigger the Fragment Ion. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2748-2759. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Wu
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department
of Chemical Physics, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaoguo Zhou
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department
of Chemical Physics, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory
for Femtochemistry and Synchrotron Radiation, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Andras Bodi
- Laboratory
for Femtochemistry and Synchrotron Radiation, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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16
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Bodi A, Sigurdardottir KL, Kvaran Á, Bjornsson R, Arnason I. Dissociative Photoionization of 1-Halogenated Silacyclohexanes: Silicon Traps the Halogen. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:9188-9197. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andras Bodi
- Laboratory
for Femtochemistry and Synchrotron Radiation, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Ágúst Kvaran
- Science
Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Ragnar Bjornsson
- Science
Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Ingvar Arnason
- Science
Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
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17
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Holzmeier F, Wagner I, Fischer I, Bodi A, Hemberger P. Pyrolysis of 3-Methoxypyridine. Detection and Characterization of the Pyrrolyl Radical by Threshold Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:4702-10. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b10743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Holzmeier
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland D-97074, Germany
| | - Isabella Wagner
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland D-97074, Germany
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland D-97074, Germany
| | - Andras Bodi
- Molecular
Dynamics Group, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen
PSI, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Molecular
Dynamics Group, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen
PSI, Switzerland
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18
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Voronova K, Mozaffari Easter CM, Torma KG, Bodi A, Hemberger P, Sztáray B. Bifurcated dissociative photoionization mechanism of acetic acid anhydride revealed by imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:25161-25168. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05370j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PEPICO allows us a peek beyond the transition state to identify bifurcated reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andras Bodi
- Laboratory for Femtochemistry and Synchrotron Radiation
- Paul Scherrer Institute
- Villigen 5232
- Switzerland
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Femtochemistry and Synchrotron Radiation
- Paul Scherrer Institute
- Villigen 5232
- Switzerland
| | - Bálint Sztáray
- Department of Chemistry
- University of the Pacific
- Stockton
- USA
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19
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Voronova K, Mozaffari Easter CM, Covert KJ, Bodi A, Hemberger P, Sztáray B. Dissociative Photoionization of Diethyl Ether. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:10654-63. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b08091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Voronova
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | | | - Kyle J. Covert
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Andras Bodi
- Molecular
Dynamics Group, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Molecular
Dynamics Group, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Bálint Sztáray
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
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20
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Pei L, Farrar JM. Ion-molecule reaction dynamics: Velocity map imaging studies of N(+) and O(+) with CD3OD. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:084304. [PMID: 26328840 DOI: 10.1063/1.4929389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a study of the charge transfer reactions of the atomic ions N(+)and O(+) with methanol in the collision energy range from ∼2 to 4 eV. Charge transfer is driven primarily by energy resonance, although the widths of the product kinetic energy distributions suggest that significant interchange between relative translation and product vibration occurs. Charge transfer with CD3OD is more exoergic for N(+), and the nascent parent ion products appear to be formed in excited B̃ and C̃ electronic states, and fragment to CD2OD(+) by internal conversion and vibrational relaxation to the ground electronic state. The internal excitation imparted to the parent ion is sufficient to result in loss of one or two D atoms from the carbon atom. The less exoergic charge transfer reaction of O(+) forms nascent parent ions in the excited à state, and internal conversion to the ground state only results in ejection of single D atom. Selected isotopomers of methanol were employed to identify reaction products, demonstrating that deuterium atom loss from nascent parent ions occurs by C-D bond cleavage. Comparison of the kinetic energy distributions for charge transfer to form CD3OD(+) and CD2OD(+) by D atom loss with the known dynamics for hydride abstraction from a carbon atom provides strong evidence that the D loss products are formed by dissociative charge transfer rather than hydride (deuteride) transfer. Isotopic labeling also demonstrates that chemical reaction in the N(+) + CD3OD system to form NO(+) + CD4 does not occur in the energy range of these experiments, contrary to earlier speculation in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsen Pei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - James M Farrar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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21
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Ruscic B. Active Thermochemical Tables: Sequential Bond Dissociation Enthalpies of Methane, Ethane, and Methanol and the Related Thermochemistry. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:7810-37. [PMID: 25760799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b01346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT) thermochemistry for the sequential bond dissociations of methane, ethane, and methanol systems were obtained by analyzing and solving a very large thermochemical network (TN). Values for all possible C-H, C-C, C-O, and O-H bond dissociation enthalpies at 298.15 K (BDE298) and bond dissociation energies at 0 K (D0) are presented. The corresponding ATcT standard gas-phase enthalpies of formation of the resulting CHn, n = 4-0 species (methane, methyl, methylene, methylidyne, and carbon atom), C2Hn, n = 6-0 species (ethane, ethyl, ethylene, ethylidene, vinyl, ethylidyne, acetylene, vinylidene, ethynyl, and ethynylene), and COHn, n = 4-0 species (methanol, hydroxymethyl, methoxy, formaldehyde, hydroxymethylene, formyl, isoformyl, and carbon monoxide) are also presented. The ATcT thermochemistry of carbon dioxide, water, hydroxyl, and carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms is also included, together with the sequential BDEs of CO2 and H2O. The provenances of the ATcT enthalpies of formation, which are quite distributed and involve a large number of relevant determinations, are analyzed by variance decomposition and discussed in terms of principal contributions. The underlying reasons for periodic appearances of remarkably low and/or unusually high BDEs, alternating along the dissociation sequences, are analyzed and quantitatively rationalized. The present ATcT results are the most accurate thermochemical values currently available for these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branko Ruscic
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.,Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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22
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Ando T, Shimamoto A, Miura S, Nakai K, Xu H, Iwasaki A, Yamanouchi K. Wave packet bifurcation in ultrafast hydrogen migration in CH3OH+ by pump-probe coincidence momentum imaging with few-cycle laser pulses. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Bodi A, Baer T, Wells NK, Fakhoury D, Klecyngier D, Kercher JP. Controlling tunnelling in methane loss from acetone ions by deuteration. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:28505-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02944a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Methane loss is predominantly a result of quantum tunnelling in acetone cations, and it can be suppressed quantitatively by deuteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Bodi
- Molecular Dynamics Group
- Paul Scherrer Institute
- Villigen 5232
- Switzerland
| | - Tomas Baer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina
- Chapel Hill
- USA
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24
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Liang S, Hemberger P, Neisius NM, Bodi A, Grützmacher H, Levalois-Grützmacher J, Gaan S. Elucidating the Thermal Decomposition of Dimethyl Methylphosphonate by Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Photoionization: Pathways to the PO Radical, a Key Species in Flame-Retardant Mechanisms. Chemistry 2014; 21:1073-80. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Bodi A, Hemberger P. Imaging breakdown diagrams for bromobutyne isomers with photoelectron–photoion coincidence. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:505-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53212g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Harvey J, Tuckett RP, Bodi A. Shining new light on the multifaceted dissociative photoionisation dynamics of CCl4. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:20492-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Statisticality restored: high internal energy CCl4+ dissociates mostly according to statistical theory, and an intersystem crossing path precludes fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonelle Harvey
- School of Chemistry
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Andras Bodi
- Molecular Dynamics Group
- Swiss Light Source
- Paul Scherrer Institut
- Villigen 5232, Switzerland
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27
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Bodi A. Internal energy selection in vacuum ultraviolet photoionization of ethanol and ethanol dimers. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:144306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4824135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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28
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Russell EM, Cudjoe E, Mastromatteo ME, Kercher JP, Sztáray B, Bodi A. From Iron Pentacarbonyl to the Iron Ion by Imaging Photoelectron Photoion Coincidence. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:4556-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jp402443e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M. Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio 44234, United States
| | - Elvis Cudjoe
- Department of Chemistry, Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio 44234, United States
| | | | - James P. Kercher
- Department of Chemistry, Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio 44234, United States
| | - Bálint Sztáray
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Andras Bodi
- Paul Scherrer Institut,
Villigen 5232, Switzerland
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29
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Harvey J, Hemberger P, Bodi A, Tuckett RP. Vibrational and electronic excitations in fluorinated ethene cations from the ground up. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:124301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4795428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Tang X, Zhou X, Wu M, Cai Y, Liu S, Sheng L. Direct Experimental Evidence for Dissociative Photoionization of Oxygen Molecule via 2Σu– Ionic “Optical Dark” State. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:9459-65. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3034038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Tang
- Hefei National Laboratory for
Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,
Anhui 230026, China
- National
Synchrotron Radiation
Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Xiaoguo Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for
Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,
Anhui 230026, China
| | - Manman Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for
Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,
Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Hefei National Laboratory for
Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,
Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shilin Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for
Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,
Anhui 230026, China
| | - Liusi Sheng
- National
Synchrotron Radiation
Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
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31
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Bodi A, Hemberger P, Gerber T, Sztáray B. A new double imaging velocity focusing coincidence experiment: i2PEPICO. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:083105. [PMID: 22938272 DOI: 10.1063/1.4742769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) beamline of the Swiss Light Source has been upgraded after two years of operation. A new, turntable-type monochromator was constructed at the Paul Scherrer Institut, which allows for fast yaw-alignment as well as quick grating change and exchange. In addition to the original imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence endstation (iPEPICO), a second, complementary double imaging setup (i(2)PEPICO) has been built. Volatile samples can be introduced at room temperature or in a molecular beam, a pyrolysis source allows for radical production, and non-volatile solids can be evaporated in a heated cell. Monochromatic VUV radiation ionizes the sample and both photoelectrons and photoions are velocity map imaged onto two fast position sensitive detectors and detected in delayed coincidence. High intensity synchrotron radiation leads to ionization rates above 10(5) s(-1). New data acquisition and processing approaches are discussed for recording coincidence processes at high rates. The setup is capable of resolving pulsed molecular beam profiles and the synchrotron time structure temporally. The latter is shown by photoelectron autocorrelation, which displays both the 1.04 MHz ring clock frequency as well as resolving the micro-pulses with a separation of 2 ns. Kinetic energy release analysis on the dissociative photoionization of CF(4) indicates a dissociation mechanism change in the Franck-Condon allowed energy range of the first ion state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Bodi
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen 5232, Switzerland.
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32
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Harvey J, Bodi A, Tuckett RP, Sztáray B. Dissociation dynamics of fluorinated ethene cations: from time bombs on a molecular level to double-regime dissociators. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:3935-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23878k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Bodi A, Daniel Brannock M, Sztáray B, Baer T. Tunneling in H loss from energy selected ethanol ions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:16047-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43255b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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34
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Hemberger P, Bodi A, Schon C, Steinbauer M, Fischer KH, Kaiser C, Fischer I. A pass too far: dissociation of internal energy selected paracyclophane cations, theory and experiment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:11920-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40905d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Dang Z, Song LX, Yang J, Chen J, Teng Y. The physical properties and unusual pyrolysis behaviour of a supramolecular complex of β-cyclodextrin and potassium ferrioxalate. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:3006-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt11794k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Baer T, Guerrero A, Davalos JZ, Bodi A. Dissociation of energy selected Sn(CH3)4+, Sn(CH3)3Cl+, and Sn(CH3)3Br+ ions: evidence for isolated excited state dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:17791-801. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21926j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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