1
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Wright SC, Doppelbauer M, Hofsäss S, Christian Schewe H, Sartakov B, Meijer G, Truppe S. Cryogenic buffer gas beams of AlF, CaF, MgF, YbF, Al, Ca, Yb and NO – a comparison. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2146541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidney C. Wright
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Koller M, Jung F, Phrompao J, Zeppenfeld M, Rabey IM, Rempe G. Electric-Field-Controlled Cold Dipolar Collisions between Trapped CH_{3}F Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:203401. [PMID: 35657871 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.203401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reaching high densities is a key step toward cold-collision experiments with polyatomic molecules. We use a cryofuge to load up to 2×10^{7} CH_{3}F molecules into a boxlike electric trap, achieving densities up to 10^{7}/cm^{3} at temperatures around 350 mK where the elastic dipolar cross section exceeds 7×10^{-12} cm^{2}. We measure inelastic rate constants below 4×10^{-8} cm^{3}/s and control these by tuning a homogeneous electric field that covers a large fraction of the trap volume. Comparison to ab initio calculations gives excellent agreement with dipolar relaxation. Our techniques and findings are generic and immediately relevant for other cold-molecule collision experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Koller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F Jung
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Phrompao
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Zeppenfeld
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - I M Rabey
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Rempe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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3
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Heazlewood BR. Quantum-State Control and Manipulation of Paramagnetic Molecules with Magnetic Fields. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2021; 72:353-373. [PMID: 33492979 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090419-053842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since external magnetic fields were first employed to deflect paramagnetic atoms in 1921, a range of magnetic field-based methods have been introduced to state-selectively manipulate paramagnetic species. These methods include magnetic guides, which selectively filter paramagnetic species from all other components of a beam, and magnetic traps, where paramagnetic species can be spatially confined for extended periods of time. However, many of these techniques were developed for atomic-rather than molecular-paramagnetic species. It has proven challenging to apply some of these experimental methods developed for atoms to paramagnetic molecules. Thanks to the emergence of new experimental approaches and new combinations of existing techniques, the past decade has seen significant progress toward the manipulation and control of paramagnetic molecules. This review identifies the key methods that have been implemented for the state-selective manipulation of paramagnetic molecules-discussing the motivation, state of the art, and future prospects of the field. Key applications include the ability to control chemical interactions, undertake precise spectroscopic measurements, and challenge our understanding of chemical reactivity at a fundamental level.
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4
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Matsuda K, De Marco L, Li JR, Tobias WG, Valtolina G, Quéméner G, Ye J. Resonant collisional shielding of reactive molecules using electric fields. Science 2021; 370:1324-1327. [PMID: 33303614 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe7370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Full control of molecular interactions, including reactive losses, would open new frontiers in quantum science. We demonstrate extreme tunability of ultracold chemical reaction rates by inducing resonant dipolar interactions by means of an external electric field. We prepared fermionic potassium-rubidium molecules in their first excited rotational state and observed a modulation of the chemical reaction rate by three orders of magnitude as we tuned the electric field strength by a few percent across resonance. In a quasi-two-dimensional geometry, we accurately determined the contributions from the three dominant angular momentum projections of the collisions. Using the resonant features, we shielded the molecules from loss and suppressed the reaction rate by an order of magnitude below the background value, thereby realizing a long-lived sample of polar molecules in large electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Matsuda
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Luigi De Marco
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jun-Ru Li
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - William G Tobias
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Giacomo Valtolina
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Goulven Quéméner
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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5
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Toscano J, Lewandowski HJ, Heazlewood BR. Cold and controlled chemical reaction dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:9180-9194. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00931h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
State-to-state chemical reaction dynamics, with complete control over the reaction parameters, offers unparalleled insight into fundamental reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Toscano
- JILA and the Department of Physics
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
| | | | - Brianna R. Heazlewood
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory (PTCL)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
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6
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Cremers T, Chefdeville S, Bakker JM, Leo Meerts W, van de Meerakker SYT. Direct excitation of the spin-orbit forbidden X2π 3/2 ← X2π 1/2 transition in NO using the intra-cavity free electron laser FELICE. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1589008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theo Cremers
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Simon Chefdeville
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Joost M. Bakker
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - W. Leo Meerts
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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7
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Toscano J, Wu LY, Hejduk M, Heazlewood BR. Evolutionary Algorithm Optimization of Zeeman Deceleration: Is It Worthwhile for Longer Decelerators? J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5388-5394. [PMID: 31002514 PMCID: PMC6601004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In Zeeman deceleration, only a small subset of low-field-seeking particles in the incoming beam possess initial velocities and positions that place them within the phase-space acceptance of the device. In order to maximize the number of particles that are successfully decelerated to a selected final velocity, we seek to optimize the phase-space acceptance of the decelerator. Three-dimensional particle trajectory simulations are employed to investigate the potential benefits of using a covariance matrix adaptation evolutionary strategy (CMA-ES) optimization method for decelerators longer than 12 stages and for decelerating species other than H atoms. In all scenarios considered, the evolutionary algorithm-optimized sequences yield vastly more particles within the target velocity range. This is particularly evident in scenarios where standard sequences are known to perform poorly; simulations show that CMA-ES optimization of a standard sequence decelerating H atoms from an initial velocity of 500 ms-1 down to a final velocity of 200 ms-1 in a 24-stage decelerator produces a considerable 5921% (or 60-fold) increase in the number of successfully decelerated particles. Particle losses that occur with standard pulse sequences-for example, arising from the coupling of longitudinal and transverse motion-are overcome in the CMA-ES optimization process as the passage of all particles through the decelerator is explicitly considered and focusing effects are accounted for in the optimization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Toscano
- Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lok Yiu Wu
- Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Hejduk
- Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Brianna R. Heazlewood
- Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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8
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Grzesiak J, Momose T, Stienkemeier F, Mudrich M, Dulitz K. Penning collisions between supersonically expanded metastable He atoms and laser-cooled Li atoms. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:034201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5063709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Grzesiak
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Takamasa Momose
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Frank Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Mudrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Katrin Dulitz
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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9
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Brand C, Stickler BA, Knobloch C, Shayeghi A, Hornberger K, Arndt M. Conformer Selection by Matter-Wave Interference. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:173002. [PMID: 30411911 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.173002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We establish that matter-wave diffraction at near-resonant ultraviolet optical gratings can be used to spatially separate individual conformers of complex molecules. Our calculations show that the conformational purity of the prepared beam can be close to 100% and that all molecules remain in their electronic ground state. The proposed technique is independent of the dipole moment and the spin of the molecule and thus paves the way for structure-sensitive experiments with hydrocarbons and biomolecules, such as neurotransmitters and hormones, which have evaded conformer-pure isolation so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brand
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin A Stickler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Christian Knobloch
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Shayeghi
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Hornberger
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Markus Arndt
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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10
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P. van der Poel AP, Bethlem HL. A detailed account of the measurements of cold collisions in a molecular synchrotron. EPJ TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2018; 5:6. [PMID: 30997320 PMCID: PMC6434929 DOI: 10.1140/epjti/s40485-018-0048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated a general and sensitive method to study low energy collisions that exploits the unique properties of a molecular synchrotron (Van der Poel et al., Phys Rev Lett 120:033402, 2018). In that work, the total cross section for ND3 + Ar collisions was determined from the rate at which ammonia molecules were lost from the synchrotron due to collisions with argon atoms in supersonic beams. This paper provides further details on the experiment. In particular, we derive the model that was used to extract the relative cross section from the loss rate, and present measurements to characterize the spatial and velocity distributions of the stored ammonia molecules and the supersonic argon beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aernout P. P. van der Poel
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrick L. Bethlem
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Wu H, Reens D, Langen T, Shagam Y, Fontecha D, Ye J. Enhancing radical molecular beams by skimmer cooling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:11615-11621. [PMID: 29658040 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00962g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A high-intensity supersonic beam source has been a key component in studies of molecular collisions, molecule-surface interaction, chemical reactions, and precision spectroscopy. However, the molecular density available for experiments in a downstream science chamber is limited by skimmer clogging, which constrains the separation between a valve and a skimmer to at least several hundred nozzle diameters. A recent experiment (Sci. Adv., 2017, 3, e1602258) has introduced a new strategy to address this challenge: when a skimmer is cooled to a temperature below the freezing point of the carrier gas, skimmer clogging can be effectively suppressed. We go beyond this proof-of-principle work in several key ways. Firstly, we apply the skimmer cooling approach to discharge-produced radical and metastable beams entrained in a carrier gas. We also identify two different processes for skimmer clogging mitigation-shockwave suppression at temperatures around the carrier gas freezing point and diffusive clogging at even lower temperatures. With the carrier clogging removed, we now fully optimize the production of entrained species such as hydroxyl radicals, resulting in a gain of 30 in density over the best commercial devices. The gain arises from both clogging mitigation and favorable geometry with a much shorter valve-skimmer distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA.
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12
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van der Poel APP, Zieger PC, van de Meerakker SYT, Loreau J, van der Avoird A, Bethlem HL. Cold Collisions in a Molecular Synchrotron. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:033402. [PMID: 29400542 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.033402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We study collisions between neutral, deuterated ammonia molecules (ND_{3}) stored in a 50 cm diameter synchrotron and argon atoms in copropagating supersonic beams. The advantages of using a synchrotron in collision studies are twofold: (i) By storing ammonia molecules many round-trips, the sensitivity to collisions is greatly enhanced; (ii) the collision partners move in the same direction as the stored molecules, resulting in low collision energies. We tune the collision energy in three different ways: by varying the velocity of the stored ammonia packets, by varying the temperature of the pulsed valve that releases the argon atoms, and by varying the timing between the supersonic argon beam and the stored ammonia packets. These give consistent results. We determine the relative, total, integrated cross section for ND_{3}+Ar collisions in the energy range of 40-140 cm^{-1}, with a resolution of 5-10 cm^{-1} and an uncertainty of 7%-15%. Our measurements are in good agreement with theoretical scattering calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aernout P P van der Poel
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C Zieger
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jérôme Loreau
- Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) CP 160/09, 50 avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ad van der Avoird
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrick L Bethlem
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Bohn JL, Rey AM, Ye J. Cold molecules: Progress in quantum engineering of chemistry and quantum matter. Science 2017; 357:1002-1010. [PMID: 28883071 DOI: 10.1126/science.aam6299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cooling atoms to ultralow temperatures has produced a wealth of opportunities in fundamental physics, precision metrology, and quantum science. The more recent application of sophisticated cooling techniques to molecules, which has been more challenging to implement owing to the complexity of molecular structures, has now opened the door to the longstanding goal of precisely controlling molecular internal and external degrees of freedom and the resulting interaction processes. This line of research can leverage fundamental insights into how molecules interact and evolve to enable the control of reaction chemistry and the design and realization of a range of advanced quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Bohn
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0440, USA.
| | - Ana Maria Rey
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0440, USA.
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0440, USA.
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14
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Vieira D, Krems RV, Tscherbul TV. Molecular collisions and reactive scattering in external fields: Are field-induced couplings important at short range? J Chem Phys 2017; 146:024102. [PMID: 28088162 DOI: 10.1063/1.4973431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We use accurate quantum scattering calculations to elucidate the role of short-range molecule-field interactions in atom-molecule inelastic collisions and abstraction chemical reactions at low temperatures. We consider two examples: elastic and inelastic scattering of NH(Σ3) molecules with Mg(S1) atoms in a magnetic field; reactive scattering LiF + H → Li + HF in an electric field. Our calculations suggest that, for non-reactive collision systems and abstraction chemical reactions, the molecule-field interactions cannot generally be neglected at short range because the atom-molecule potential passes through zero at short range. An important exception occurs for Zeeman transitions in atom-molecule collisions at magnetic fields ≲1000 G, for which the molecule-field couplings need only be included at large ρ outside the range of the atom-molecule interaction. Our results highlight the importance of an accurate description of ρ-dependent molecule-field interactions in quantum scattering calculations on molecular collisions and chemical reactions at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vieira
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - R V Krems
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - T V Tscherbul
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
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15
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Onvlee J, Vogels SN, van de Meerakker SYT. Unraveling Cold Molecular Collisions: Stark Decelerators in Crossed-Beam Experiments. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3583-3595. [PMID: 27471830 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, enormous progress has been made in the manipulation of molecular beams. In particular, molecular decelerators have been developed with which advanced control over neutral molecules in a beam can be achieved. By using arrays of inhomogeneous and time-varying electric (or magnetic) fields, bunches of molecules can be produced with a tunable velocity, narrow velocity spreads, and almost perfect quantum-state purity. These monochromatic or "tamed" molecular beams are ideally suited to be used in crossed-molecular-beam scattering experiments. Here, we review the first generation of these "cold and controlled" scattering experiments that have been conducted in the last decade and discuss the prospects for this emerging field of research in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolijn Onvlee
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd N Vogels
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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16
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Balakrishnan N. Perspective: Ultracold molecules and the dawn of cold controlled chemistry. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:150901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4964096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N. Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
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17
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A novel molecular synchrotron for cold collision and EDM experiments. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32663. [PMID: 27600539 PMCID: PMC5013392 DOI: 10.1038/srep32663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited by the construction demands, the state-of-the-art molecular synchrotrons consist of only 40 segments that hardly make a good circle. Imperfections in the circular structure will lead to the appearance of unstable velocity regions (i.e. stopbands), where molecules of certain forward velocity will be lost from the structure. In this paper, we propose a stopband-free molecular synchrotron. It contains 1570 ring electrodes, which nearly make a perfect circle, capable of confining both light and heavy polar molecules in the low-field-seeking states. Molecular packets can be conveniently manipulated with this synchrotron by various means, like acceleration, deceleration or even trapping. Trajectory calculations are carried out using a pulsed 88SrF molecular beam with a forward velocity of 50 m/s. The results show that the molecular beam can make more than 500 round trips inside the synchrotron with a 1/e lifetime of 6.2 s. The synchrotron can find potential applications in low-energy collision and reaction experiments or in the field of precision measurements, such as the searches for electric dipole moment of elementary particles.
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18
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Simbotin I, Côté R. Jost function description of near threshold resonances for coupled-channel scattering. Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Abstract
The field of cold molecules has become an important source of new insight in fundamental chemistry and molecular physics. High-resolution spectroscopy benefits from translationally and internally cold molecules by increased interaction times and reduced spectral congestion. Completely new effects in scattering dynamics become accessible with cold and controlled molecules. Many of these experiments use molecular beams as a starting point for the generation of molecular samples. This review gives an overview of methods to produce beams of cold molecules, starting from supersonic expansions or effusive sources, and provides examples of applications in spectroscopy and molecular dynamics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Jankunas
- Institute for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Osterwalder
- Institute for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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20
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Piskorski J, Patterson D, Eibenberger S, Doyle JM. Cooling, Spectroscopy and Non-Sticking oftrans-Stilbene and Nile Red. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:3800-4. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Wang J, Byrd JN, Simbotin I, Côté R. Tuning ultracold chemical reactions via Rydberg-dressed interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:025302. [PMID: 25062202 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.025302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We show that ultracold chemical reactions with an activation barrier can be tuned using Rydberg-dressed interactions. Scattering in the ultracold regime is sensitive to long-range interactions, especially when weakly bound (or quasibound) states exist near the collision threshold. We investigate how, by Rydberg dressing a reactant, one enhances its polarizability and modifies the long-range van der Waals collision complex, which can alter chemical reaction rates by shifting the position of near-threshold bound states. We carry out a full quantum mechanical scattering calculation for the benchmark system H(2)+D, and show that resonances can be moved substantially and that rate coefficients at cold and ultracold temperatures can be increased by several orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, 2152 Hillside Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Jason N Byrd
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, 2152 Hillside Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA and Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Ion Simbotin
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, 2152 Hillside Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - R Côté
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, 2152 Hillside Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA and Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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22
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Jankunas J, Bertsche B, Jachymski K, Hapka M, Osterwalder A. Dynamics of gas phase Ne* + NH3 and Ne* + ND3 Penning ionisation at low temperatures. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:244302. [PMID: 24985633 DOI: 10.1063/1.4883517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Jankunas
- Institute for Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Bertsche
- Institute for Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Michał Hapka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andreas Osterwalder
- Institute for Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Lu HI, Kozyryev I, Hemmerling B, Piskorski J, Doyle JM. Magnetic trapping of molecules via optical loading and magnetic slowing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:113006. [PMID: 24702363 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.113006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Calcium monofluoride (CaF) is magnetically slowed and trapped using optical pumping. Starting from a collisionally cooled slow beam, CaF with an initial velocity of ∼ 30 m/s is slowed via magnetic forces as it enters a 800 mK deep magnetic trap. Employing two-stage optical pumping, CaF is irreversibly loaded into the trap via two scattered photons. We observe a trap lifetime exceeding 500 ms limited by background collisions. This method paves the way for cooling and magnetic trapping of chemically diverse molecules without closed cycling transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-I Lu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Ivan Kozyryev
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Boerge Hemmerling
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Julia Piskorski
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - John M Doyle
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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24
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Abstract
Over the past decade, and particularly the past five years, a quiet revolution has been building at the border between atomic physics and experimental quantum chemistry. The rapid development of techniques for producing cold and even ultracold molecules without a perturbing rare-gas cluster shell is now enabling the study of chemical reactions and scattering at the quantum scattering limit with only a few partial waves contributing to the incident channel. Moreover, the ability to perform these experiments with nonthermal distributions comprising one or a few specific states enables the observation and even full control of state-to-state collision rates in this computation-friendly regime: This is perhaps the most elementary study possible of scattering and reaction dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K Stuhl
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
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25
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Brouard M, Parker DH, van de Meerakker SYT. Taming molecular collisions using electric and magnetic fields. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:7279-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00150h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In molecular collision experiments, studying the collision process in high detail requires controlling molecular degrees of freedom before the collision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Brouard
- The Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - David H. Parker
- Radboud University Nijmegen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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26
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Pradhan GB, Juanes-Marcos JC, Balakrishnan N, Kendrick BK. Chemical reaction versus vibrational quenching in low energy collisions of vibrationally excited OH with O. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:194305. [PMID: 24320324 DOI: 10.1063/1.4830398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum scattering calculations are reported for state-to-state vibrational relaxation and reactive scattering in O + OH(v = 2 - 3, j = 0) collisions on the electronically adiabatic ground state (2)A'' potential energy surface of the HO2 molecule. The time-independent Schrödinger equation in hyperspherical coordinates is solved to determine energy dependent probabilities and cross sections over collision energies ranging from ultracold to 0.35 eV and for total angular momentum quantum number J = 0. A J-shifting approximation is then used to compute initial state selected reactive rate coefficients in the temperature range T = 1 - 400 K. Results are found to be in reasonable agreement with available quasiclassical trajectory calculations. Results indicate that rate coefficients for O2 formation increase with increasing the OH vibrational level except at low and ultralow temperatures where OH(v = 0) exhibits a slightly different trend. It is found that vibrational relaxation of OH in v = 2 and v = 3 vibrational levels is dominated by a multi-quantum process.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
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27
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González-Martínez ML, Hutson JM. Ultracold hydrogen atoms: a versatile coolant to produce ultracold molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:203004. [PMID: 24289682 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.203004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We show theoretically that ultracold hydrogen atoms have very favorable properties for sympathetic cooling of molecules to microkelvin temperatures. We calculate the potential energy surfaces for spin-polarized interactions of H atoms with the prototype molecules NH(3Σ-) and OH(2Π) and show that they are shallow (50 to 80 cm(-1)) and only weakly anisotropic. We carry out quantum collision calculations on H+NH and H+OH and show that the ratio of elastic to inelastic cross sections is high enough to allow sympathetic cooling from temperatures well over 1 K for NH and around 250 mK for OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maykel L González-Martínez
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham/Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Lemeshko
- a ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
- b Physics Department , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
- c Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 , USA
| | - Roman V. Krems
- c Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 , USA
- d Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , BC V6T 1Z1, Vancouver , Canada
| | - John M. Doyle
- b Physics Department , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
| | - Sabre Kais
- e Departments of Chemistry and Physics , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , 47907 , USA
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29
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Stuhl BK, Yeo M, Hummon MT, Ye J. Electric-field-induced inelastic collisions between magnetically trapped hydroxyl radicals. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.793838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K. Stuhl
- a JILA , National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado , Boulder , CO , USA
- b Department of Physics , University of Colorado , Boulder , CO , USA
| | - Mark Yeo
- a JILA , National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado , Boulder , CO , USA
- b Department of Physics , University of Colorado , Boulder , CO , USA
| | - Matthew T. Hummon
- a JILA , National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado , Boulder , CO , USA
- b Department of Physics , University of Colorado , Boulder , CO , USA
| | - Jun Ye
- a JILA , National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado , Boulder , CO , USA
- b Department of Physics , University of Colorado , Boulder , CO , USA
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30
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Hapka M, Żuchowski PS, Szczęśniak MM, Chałasiński G. Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory based on unrestricted Kohn-Sham orbitals for high-spin open-shell van der Waals complexes. J Chem Phys 2013; 137:164104. [PMID: 23126692 DOI: 10.1063/1.4758455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two open-shell formulations of the symmetry-adapted perturbation theory are presented. They are based on the spin-unrestricted Kohn-Sham (SAPT(UKS)) and unrestricted Hartree-Fock (SAPT(UHF)) descriptions of the monomers, respectively. The key reason behind development of SAPT(UKS) is that it is more compatible with density functional theory (DFT) compared to the previous formulation of open-shell SAPT based on spin-restricted Kohn-Sham method of Żuchowski et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 129, 084101 (2008)]. The performance of SAPT(UKS) and SAPT(UHF) is tested for the following open-shell van der Waals complexes: He···NH, H(2)O···HO(2), He···OH, Ar···OH, Ar···NO. The results show an excellent agreement between SAPT(UKS) and SAPT(ROKS). Furthermore, for the first time SAPT based on DFT is shown to be suitable for the treatment of interactions involving Π-state radicals (He···OH, Ar···OH, Ar···NO). In the interactions of transition metal dimers ((3)Σ(u)(+))Au(2) and ((13)Σ(g)(+))Cr(2) we show that SAPT is incompatible with the use of effective core potentials. The interaction energies of both systems expressed instead as supermolecular UHF interaction plus dispersion from SAPT(UKS) result in reasonably accurate potential curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Hapka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Poland.
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31
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32
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Kirste M, Wang X, Schewe HC, Meijer G, Liu K, van der Avoird A, Janssen LMC, Gubbels KB, Groenenboom GC, van de Meerakker SYT. Quantum-State Resolved Bimolecular Collisions of Velocity-Controlled OH with NO Radicals. Science 2012. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1229549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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33
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Henson AB, Gersten S, Shagam Y, Narevicius J, Narevicius E. Observation of Resonances in Penning Ionization Reactions at Sub-Kelvin Temperatures in Merged Beams. Science 2012; 338:234-8. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1229141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Henson
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - S. Gersten
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Y. Shagam
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - J. Narevicius
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - E. Narevicius
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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34
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Tscherbul TV, Grinev TA, Yu HG, Dalgarno A, Kłos J, Alexander MH. Cold collisions of polyatomic molecular radicals with S-state atoms in a magnetic field: An ab initio study of He + CH 2(X̃) collisions. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:104302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4748258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Ulmanis J, Deiglmayr J, Repp M, Wester R, Weidemüller M. Ultracold Molecules Formed by Photoassociation: Heteronuclear Dimers, Inelastic Collisions, and Interactions with Ultrashort Laser Pulses. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4890-927. [PMID: 22931226 DOI: 10.1021/cr300215h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juris Ulmanis
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg
12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Deiglmayr
- Laboratorium für Physikalische
Chemie, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse
10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Repp
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg
12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Wester
- Institut für Ionenphysik
und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25/3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Weidemüller
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg
12, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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36
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Narevicius E, Raizen MG. Toward cold chemistry with magnetically decelerated supersonic beams. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4879-89. [PMID: 22827566 DOI: 10.1021/cr2004597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edvardas Narevicius
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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37
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Suleimanov YV, Tscherbul TV, Krems RV. Efficient method for quantum calculations of molecule-molecule scattering properties in a magnetic field. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:024103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4733288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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38
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Singh V, Hardman KS, Tariq N, Lu MJ, Ellis A, Morrison MJ, Weinstein JD. Chemical reactions of atomic lithium and molecular calcium monohydride at 1 K. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:203201. [PMID: 23003146 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.203201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Using cryogenic helium buffer-gas cooling, we have prepared dense samples of atomic lithium and molecular calcium monohydride at temperatures as low as 1 K. We have measured the Li+CaH→LiH+Ca chemical reaction, observed in both the accelerated disappearance of CaH in the presence of high densities of lithium and in the appearance of the LiH molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Singh
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
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39
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Hutzler NR, Lu HI, Doyle JM. The Buffer Gas Beam: An Intense, Cold, and Slow Source for Atoms and Molecules. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4803-27. [PMID: 22571401 DOI: 10.1021/cr200362u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Hutzler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
| | - Hsin-I Lu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
| | - John M. Doyle
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
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40
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van de Meerakker SYT, Bethlem HL, Vanhaecke N, Meijer G. Manipulation and Control of Molecular Beams. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4828-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200349r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hendrick L. Bethlem
- Institute for Lasers, Life and
Biophotonics, VU University Amsterdam,
De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Vanhaecke
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Bâtiment 505, Université Paris-Sud,
91405 Orsay, France
| | - Gerard Meijer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin,
Germany
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41
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Wiederkehr AW, Motsch M, Hogan SD, Andrist M, Schmutz H, Lambillotte B, Agner JA, Merkt F. Multistage Zeeman deceleration of metastable neon. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:214202. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3662141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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