1
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Bressan G, Penty SE, Green D, Heisler IA, Jones GA, Barendt TA, Meech SR. Ultrafast and Coherent Dynamics in a Solvent Switchable "Pink Box" Perylene Diimide Dimer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202407242. [PMID: 39092492 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Perylene diimide (PDI) dimers and higher aggregates are key components in organic molecular photonics and photovoltaic devices, supporting singlet fission and symmetry breaking charge separation. Detailed understanding of their excited states is thus important. This has proven challenging because interchromophoric coupling is a strong function of dimer architecture. Recently, a macrocyclic PDI dimer was reported in which excitonic coupling could be turned on and off simply by changing the solvent. This presents a useful case where coupling is modified without synthetic changes to tune supramolecular structure. Here we present a detailed study of solvent dependent excited state dynamics in this dimer by means of coherent multidimensional spectroscopy. Spectral analysis resolves the different coupling strengths, which are consistent with solvent dependent changes in dimer conformation. The strongly coupled conformer forms an excimer within 300 fs. The low-frequency Raman active modes recovered from two-dimensional electronic spectra reveal frequencies characteristic of exciton coupling. These are assigned to modes modulating the coupling from the corresponding DFT calculations. Further analysis reveals a time dependent frequency during excimer formation. Analysis of two-dimensional "beatmaps" reveals features in the coupled dimer which are not predicted by the displaced harmonic oscillator model and are assigned to vibronic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bressan
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Samuel E Penty
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Dale Green
- Physics, Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Ismael A Heisler
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 9500, Brazil
| | - Garth A Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Timothy A Barendt
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stephen R Meech
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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2
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Heitmüller J, Eckstein K, Renner R, Stolte M, Hertel T, Würthner F, Brixner T. Coherent two-dimensional electronic spectroelectrochemistry. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 253:119567. [PMID: 33607447 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a new spectroscopic scheme, coherent two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectroelectrochemistry. Conventional 2D electronic spectroscopy has become well established to investigate molecular energy transfer, charge transfer, or structural dynamics with femtosecond time resolution following electronic excitation, providing frequency resolution for both the excitation and the detection step. Here we combine this method with electrochemistry in a flow cell. Thus we have established access to the dynamics of various oxidized and reduced molecular species in solution. We investigate the photophysics of a tetraphenoxy-substituted perylene bisimide dye and its reduced species as a proof of principle and find substantially different dynamics for the neutral and the twofold reduced compound. The electrochemical flow cell is furthermore applied in conventional transient absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopies as an application in different setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Heitmüller
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Eckstein
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Renner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Hertel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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3
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Kundu S, Makri N. Efficient matrix factorisation of the modular path integral for extended systems. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1797200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sohang Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Nancy Makri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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4
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Kundu S, Makri N. Modular path integral for finite-temperature dynamics of extended systems with intramolecular vibrations. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:044124. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0014838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sohang Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Nancy Makri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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5
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Schwermann C, Doltsinis NL. Exciton transfer free energy from Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10526-10535. [PMID: 31974540 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06419b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A computational approach is presented which allows the calculation of free energies profiles for exciton transfer processes within the framework of ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, sampling both the electronic and the nuclear degrees of freedom. To achieve this, restraining potentials are imposed on the centres of maximally localized Wannier orbitals. The resulting quantum-mechanical orbital forces are derived analytically and implemented in an AIMD program. In analogy to classical umbrella sampling techniques, these restraints are used to control an exciton transfer by incrementally moving the Wannier centres corresponding to the electron-hole pair along a suitable reaction coordinate. The new method is applied to study exciton transfer between two stacked penta(3-methylthiophene) molecules as a function of intermolecular distance. From the resulting free energy profiles, exciton transfer rates and diffusion constants are estimated, which prove to be in line with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schwermann
- Institute of Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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6
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Alloa E, Grande V, Dilmurat R, Beljonne D, Würthner F, Hayes SC. Resonance Raman study of the J-type aggregation process of a water soluble perylene bisimide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:18300-18309. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01874c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resonance Raman spectroscopy offers a detailed molecular picture of the conformation of a water-soluble PBI in a supramolecular J aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Alloa
- University of Cyprus
- Department of Chemistry
- Nicosia
- Cyprus
| | - Vincenzo Grande
- Universität Würzburg
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Rishat Dilmurat
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- University of Mons
- B-7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- University of Mons
- B-7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- Würzburg
- Germany
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7
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Schröter M, Pullerits T, Kühn O. Using fluorescence detected two-dimensional spectroscopy to investigate initial exciton delocalization between coupled chromophores. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:114107. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5046645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Schröter
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert Einstein Straße 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Tõnu Pullerits
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Oliver Kühn
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert Einstein Straße 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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8
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Dostál J, Fennel F, Koch F, Herbst S, Würthner F, Brixner T. Direct observation of exciton-exciton interactions. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2466. [PMID: 29941915 PMCID: PMC6018121 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04884-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural light harvesting as well as optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices depend on efficient transport of energy following photoexcitation. Using common spectroscopic methods, however, it is challenging to discriminate one-exciton dynamics from multi-exciton interactions that arise when more than one excitation is present in the system. Here we introduce a coherent two-dimensional spectroscopic method that provides a signal only in case that the presence of one exciton influences the behavior of another one. Exemplarily, we monitor exciton diffusion by annihilation in a perylene bisimide-based J-aggregate. We determine quantitatively the exciton diffusion constant from exciton–exciton-interaction 2D spectra and reconstruct the annihilation-free dynamics for large pump powers. The latter enables for ultrafast spectroscopy at much higher intensities than conventionally possible and thus improves signal-to-noise ratios for multichromophore systems; the former recovers spatio–temporal dynamics for a broad range of phenomena in which exciton interactions are present. Some photo-physical processes in multichromophore systems might get triggered only if two excitations are present. Here, the authors introduce exciton–exciton-interaction 2D spectroscopy, which is a non-linear optical method that can selectively track the time evolution of such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Dostál
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Fennel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Federico Koch
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Herbst
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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9
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10
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Kudisch B, Maiuri M, Blas-Ferrando VM, Ortiz J, Sastre-Santos Á, Scholes GD. Solvent-dependent photo-induced dynamics in a non-rigidly linked zinc phthalocyanine–perylenediimide dyad probed using ultrafast spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:21078-21089. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02143g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A solvent dependent pump–probe study on an artificial light harvesting dyad reveals static and dynamic system-bath interactions observed in ultrafast photoinduced energy and electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Kudisch
- Department of Chemistry
- Princeton University
- Princeton
- USA
| | | | | | - Javier Ortiz
- Área de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Bioingeniería
- Universidad Miguel Hernández
- Elche 03202
- Spain
| | - Ángela Sastre-Santos
- Área de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Bioingeniería
- Universidad Miguel Hernández
- Elche 03202
- Spain
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11
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Chen Y, Li A, Yue X, Wang LN, Huang ZH, Kang F, Volinsky AA. Facile fabrication of organic/inorganic nanotube heterojunction arrays for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:13228-13235. [PMID: 26926569 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07893h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organic/inorganic heterojunction photoanodes are appealing for making concurrent use of the highly photoactive organic semiconductors, and the efficient dielectric screening provided by their inorganic counterparts. In the present work, organic/inorganic nanotube heterojunction arrays composed of TiO2 nanotube arrays and a semiconducting N,N-(dicyclohexyl) perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (PDi) layer were fabricated for photoelectrochemical water splitting. In this arrayed architecture, a PDi layer with a tunable thickness was coated on anodic TiO2 nanotube arrays by physical vapor deposition, which is advantageous for the formation of a uniform layer and an adequate interface contact between PDi and TiO2. The obtained PDi/TiO2 junction exhibited broadened visible light absorption, and an effective interface for enhanced photogenerated electron-hole separation, which is supported by the reduced charge transfer resistance and prolonged excitation lifetime via impedance spectroscopy analysis and fluorescence emission decay investigations. Consequently, such a heterojunction photoanode was photoresponsive to a wide visible light region of 400-600 nm, and thus demonstrated a highly enhanced photocurrent density at 1.23 V vs. a reversible hydrogen electrode. Additionally, the durability of such a photoanode can be guaranteed after long-time illumination because of the geometrical restraint imposed by the PDi aggregates. These results pave the way to discover new organic/inorganic assemblies for high-performance photoelectric applications and device integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Aoxiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqi Yue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Lu-Ning Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Zheng-Hong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Alex A Volinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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12
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Plötz PA, Polyutov SP, Ivanov SD, Fennel F, Wolter S, Niehaus T, Xie Z, Lochbrunner S, Würthner F, Kühn O. Biphasic aggregation of a perylene bisimide dye identified by exciton-vibrational spectra. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:25110-25119. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04898f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The quantum efficiency of light emission supramolecular aggregates strongly depends on the intermolecular coupling. We present a molecule which demonstrates two different aggregated structures with high and low quantum efficiency. The spectral signatures can be understood by simulating the aggregated structures and the corresponding exciton-vibrational spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.-A. Plötz
- Institut für Physik
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - S. P. Polyutov
- Institut für Physik
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
- Laboratory for Nonlinear Optics and Spectroscopy
| | - S. D. Ivanov
- Institut für Physik
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - F. Fennel
- Institut für Physik
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - S. Wolter
- Institut für Physik
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - T. Niehaus
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- CNRS
- Institut Lumière Matière
- F-69622
- France
| | - Z. Xie
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - S. Lochbrunner
- Institut für Physik
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - F. Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - O. Kühn
- Institut für Physik
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
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13
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Pagoaga B, Mongin O, Caselli M, Vanossi D, Momicchioli F, Blanchard-Desce M, Lemercier G, Hoffmann N, Ponterini G. Optical and photophysical properties of anisole- and cyanobenzene-substituted perylene diimides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:4924-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07758c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Substituent and solvent effects on the one- and two-photon absorption and the photophysical properties of eight bay-substituted perylene-diimides are reported and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Pagoaga
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- ICMR UMR no. 7312
- 51687 Reims Cedex 2
- France
| | - Olivier Mongin
- Université Rennes 1
- UMR CNRS 6510
- Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires
- 35042 Rennes cedex
- France
| | - Monica Caselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia
- 41125 Modena
- Italy
| | - Davide Vanossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia
- 41125 Modena
- Italy
| | - Fabio Momicchioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia
- 41125 Modena
- Italy
| | | | - Gilles Lemercier
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- ICMR UMR no. 7312
- 51687 Reims Cedex 2
- France
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- ICMR UMR no. 7312
- 51687 Reims Cedex 2
- France
| | - Glauco Ponterini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita
- Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia
- 41125 Modena
- Italy
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14
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Würthner F, Saha-Möller CR, Fimmel B, Ogi S, Leowanawat P, Schmidt D. Perylene Bisimide Dye Assemblies as Archetype Functional Supramolecular Materials. Chem Rev 2015; 116:962-1052. [PMID: 26270260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 963] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chantu R Saha-Möller
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Fimmel
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Soichiro Ogi
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pawaret Leowanawat
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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15
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Long S, Wang Y, Vdović S, Zhou M, Yan L, Niu Y, Guo Q, Xia A. Energy transfer and spectroscopic characterization of a perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PDI) hexamer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:18567-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01514f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two different interactions in a PDI-hexamer, a strong interaction in face-to-face dimers and a weak interaction between the separated dimers, are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saran Long
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Silvije Vdović
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Linyin Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yingli Niu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qianjin Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Andong Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
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16
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Lindquist RJ, Lefler KM, Brown KE, Dyar SM, Margulies EA, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Energy flow dynamics within cofacial and slip-stacked perylene-3,4-dicarboximide dimer models of π-aggregates. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14912-23. [PMID: 25245598 DOI: 10.1021/ja507653p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Robust perylene-3,4-dicarboximide (PMI) π-aggregates provide important light-harvesting and electron-hole pair generation advantages in organic photovoltaics and related applications, but relatively few studies have focused on the electronic interactions between PMI chromophores. In contrast, structure-function relationships based on π-π stacking in the related perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximides) (PDIs) have been widely investigated. The performance of both PMI and PDI derivatives in organic devices may be limited by the formation of low-energy excimer trap states in morphologies where interchromophore coupling is strong. Here, five covalently bound PMI dimers with varying degrees of electronic interaction were studied to probe the relative chromophore orientations that lead to excimer energy trap states. Femtosecond near-infrared transient absorption spectroscopy was used to observe the growth of a low-energy transition at ~1450-1520 nm characteristic of the excimer state in these covalent dimers. The excimer-state absorption appears in ~1 ps, followed by conformational relaxation over 8-17 ps. The excimer state then decays in 6.9-12.8 ns, as measured by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The excimer lifetimes reach a maximum for a slip-stacked geometry in which the two PMI molecules are displaced along their long axes by one phenyl group (~4.3 Å). Additional displacement of the PMIs by a biphenyl spacer along the long axis prevents excimer formation. Symmetry-breaking charge transfer is not observed in any of the PMI dimers, and only a small triplet yield (<5%) is observed for the cofacial PMI dimers. These data provide structural insights for minimizing excimer trap states in organic devices based on PMI derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Lindquist
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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17
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Margulies EA, Shoer LE, Eaton SW, Wasielewski MR. Excimer formation in cofacial and slip-stacked perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) dimers on a redox-inactive triptycene scaffold. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:23735-42. [PMID: 25272158 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Excitation energy transfer in perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PDI) aggregates is of interest for light-harvesting applications of this strongly absorbing and π-π stacking chromophore. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of two PDI dimers in which the chromophores are covalently linked by a redox-inactive triptycene bridge in orientations that are cofacial (1) and slip-stacked along their N-N axes (2). Femtosecond transient absorption experiments on 1 and 2 reveal rapid exciton delocalization resulting excimer formation. Cofacial π-π stacked dimer 1 forms a low-energy excimer state absorption (λmax = 1666 nm) in τ = ∼2 ps after photoexcitation. Inserting a phenyl spacer on the bridge to generate a slip-stacked PDI-PDI geometry in 2 results in a less stable excimer state (λmax = 1430 nm), which forms in τ = ∼12 ps due to decreased electronic coupling. The near-infrared (NIR) excimer absorption of cofacial dimer 1 is ∼120 meV lower in energy than that of slip-stacked dimer 2, further highlighting electronic differences between these states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Margulies
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
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Plötz PA, Niehaus T, Kühn O. A new efficient method for calculation of Frenkel exciton parameters in molecular aggregates. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:174101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4871658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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19
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Fennel F, Wolter S, Xie Z, Plötz PA, Kühn O, Würthner F, Lochbrunner S. Biphasic Self-Assembly Pathways and Size-Dependent Photophysical Properties of Perylene Bisimide Dye Aggregates. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:18722-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja409597x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Fennel
- Institut
für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolter
- Institut
für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Zengqi Xie
- Institut
für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Per-Arno Plötz
- Institut
für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Oliver Kühn
- Institut
für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut
für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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20
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Lefler KM, Brown KE, Salamant WA, Dyar SM, Knowles KE, Wasielewski MR. Triplet State Formation in Photoexcited Slip-Stacked Perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) Dimers on a Xanthene Scaffold. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:10333-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4083008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Lefler
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Kristen E. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Walter A. Salamant
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Scott M. Dyar
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Kathryn E. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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21
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Eaton SW, Shoer LE, Karlen SD, Dyar SM, Margulies EA, Veldkamp BS, Ramanan C, Hartzler DA, Savikhin S, Marks TJ, Wasielewski MR. Singlet exciton fission in polycrystalline thin films of a slip-stacked perylenediimide. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14701-12. [PMID: 24011336 DOI: 10.1021/ja4053174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of N,N-bis(n-octyl)-2,5,8,11-tetraphenylperylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide), 1, obtained by X-ray diffraction reveals that 1 has a nearly planar perylene core and π-π stacks at a 3.5 Å interplanar distance in well-separated slip-stacked columns. Theory predicts that slip-stacked, π-π-stacked structures should enhance interchromophore electronic coupling and thus favor singlet exciton fission. Photoexcitation of vapor-deposited polycrystalline 188 nm thick films of 1 results in a 140 ± 20% yield of triplet excitons ((3*)1) in τ(SF) = 180 ± 10 ps. These results illustrate a design strategy for producing perylenediimide and related rylene derivatives that have the optimized interchromophore electronic interactions which promote high-yield singlet exciton fission for potentially enhancing organic solar cell performance and charge separation in systems for artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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22
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Schröter M, Kühn O. Interplay Between Nonadiabatic Dynamics and Frenkel Exciton Transfer in Molecular Aggregates: Formulation and Application to a Perylene Bismide Model. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:7580-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp402587p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Schröter
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O. Kühn
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
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23
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Zhong L, Xing F, Shi W, Yan L, Xie L, Zhu S. Synthesis, spectra, and electron-transfer reaction of aspartic acid-functionalized water-soluble perylene bisimide in aqueous solution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:3401-3407. [PMID: 23506346 DOI: 10.1021/am4004446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An aspartic acid-functionalized water-soluble perylene bisimide, N,N'-di(2-succinic acid)-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic bisimide (PASP) was synthesized and characterized. It has absorbance maximum A(0-0) and A(0-1) at 527 and 498 nm (ε ≈ 1.7 × 10(4) L cm(-1) mol(-1)) respectively in pH 7.20 HEPES buffer. Two quasi-reversible redox processes with E1/2 at -0.17 and -0.71 V (vs Ag/AgCl) respectively in pH 7-12.5 aqueous solutions. PASP can react with Na2S in pure aqueous solution to form monoanion radical and dianion species consecutively. PASP(-•) has EPR signal with g = 1.998 in aqueous solution, whereas PASP(2-) is EPR silent. The monoanion radical formation is a first-order reaction with k = 8.9 × 10(-2) s(-1). Dianion species formation is a zero-order reaction and the rate constant is 4.3 × 10(-8) mol L(-1) s(-1). The presence of H2O2 greatly increases the radical formation rate constant. PASP as a two-electron transfer reagent is expected to be used in the water photolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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24
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Mickley Conron SM, Shoer LE, Smeigh AL, Ricks AB, Wasielewski MR. Photoinitiated Electron Transfer in Zinc Porphyrin–Perylenediimide Cruciforms and Their Self-Assembled Oligomers. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:2195-204. [DOI: 10.1021/jp311067q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Mickley Conron
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne—Northwestern
Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Leah E. Shoer
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne—Northwestern
Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Amanda L. Smeigh
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne—Northwestern
Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Annie Butler Ricks
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne—Northwestern
Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne—Northwestern
Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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25
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Wenzel J, Dreuw A, Burghardt I. Charge and energy transfer in a bithiophene perylenediimide based donor–acceptor–donor system for use in organic photovoltaics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:11704-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51402a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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26
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Ambrosek D, Köhn A, Schulze J, Kühn O. Quantum Chemical Parametrization and Spectroscopic Characterization of the Frenkel Exciton Hamiltonian for a J-Aggregate Forming Perylene Bisimide Dye. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:11451-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3069706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Ambrosek
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - A. Köhn
- Institut für Physikalische
Chemie, Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Schulze
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O. Kühn
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
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Dinçalp H, Kızılok Ş, Birel ÖH, İçli S. Synthesis and G-quadruplex binding study of a novel full visible absorbing perylene diimide dye. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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29
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Polyutov S, Kühn O, Pullerits T. Exciton-vibrational coupling in molecular aggregates: Electronic versus vibronic dimer. Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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