1
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Lynch P, Das A, Alam S, Rich CC, Frontiera RR. Mastering Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy: A Practical Guide. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2024; 4:1-18. [PMID: 38283786 PMCID: PMC10811773 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.3c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) is a powerful nonlinear spectroscopic technique that probes changes in molecular and material structure with high temporal and spectral resolution. With proper spectral interpretation, this is equivalent to mapping out reactive pathways on highly anharmonic excited-state potential energy surfaces with femtosecond to picosecond time resolution. FSRS has been used to examine structural dynamics in a wide range of samples, including photoactive proteins, photovoltaic materials, plasmonic nanostructures, polymers, and a range of others, with experiments performed in multiple groups around the world. As the FSRS technique grows in popularity and is increasingly implemented in user facilities, there is a need for a widespread understanding of the methodology and best practices. In this review, we present a practical guide to FSRS, including discussions of instrumentation, as well as data acquisition and analysis. First, we describe common methods of generating the three pulses required for FSRS: the probe, Raman pump, and actinic pump, including a discussion of the parameters to consider when selecting a beam generation method. We then outline approaches for effective and efficient FSRS data acquisition. We discuss common data analysis techniques for FSRS, as well as more advanced analyses aimed at extracting small signals on a large background. We conclude with a discussion of some of the new directions for FSRS research, including spectromicroscopy. Overall, this review provides researchers with a practical handbook for FSRS as a technique with the aim of encouraging many scientists and engineers to use it in their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline
G. Lynch
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Aritra Das
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Shahzad Alam
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher C. Rich
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Renee R. Frontiera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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2
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Liu X, Li BH, Liang Y, Zeng W, Li H, Zhou C, Ren Z, Yang X. Efficient generation of narrowband picosecond pulses from a femtosecond laser. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:083001. [PMID: 34470371 DOI: 10.1063/5.0056050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In some applications of broadband ultrafast spectroscopy, such as surface sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy, femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (SRS), and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy, a narrowband picosecond pulse is required to obtain a high spectral resolution. Here, we present a method to generate narrowband picosecond second harmonic (SH) and fundamental frequency (FF) pulses with high-conversion efficiency from a Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser amplifier. The narrowband picosecond SH pulse was generated based on the group velocity mismatch between the SH and FF pulses in a nonlinear crystal of β-barium borate (BBO). The small SH nonlinear optical coefficient was optimized by changing the azimuth angle of a thick BBO crystal, successfully avoiding the saturation effect in the SH generation process. The SH pulse was then used to pump an optical parametric amplifier to efficiently amplify the narrowband FF seed pulse, which was obtained with an etalon by spectrally filtering the output from the femtosecond laser amplifier. Dual-wavelength output, which could be very useful in femtosecond SRS, was also realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinting Liu
- School of Dayu Zhang, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bo-Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Huang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chuanyao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zefeng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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3
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Kuramochi H, Tahara T. Tracking Ultrafast Structural Dynamics by Time-Domain Raman Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9699-9717. [PMID: 34096295 PMCID: PMC9344463 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In traditional Raman spectroscopy,
narrow-band light is irradiated
on a sample, and its inelastic scattering, i.e., Raman scattering,
is detected. The energy difference between the Raman scattering and
the incident light corresponds to the vibrational energy of the molecule,
providing the Raman spectrum that contains rich information about
the molecular-level properties of the materials. On the other hand,
by using ultrashort optical pulses, it is possible to induce Raman-active
coherent nuclear motion of the molecule and to observe the molecular
vibration in real time. Moreover, this time-domain Raman measurement
can be combined with femtosecond photoexcitation, triggering chemical
changes, which enables tracking ultrafast structural dynamics in a
form of “time-resolved” time-domain Raman spectroscopy,
also known as time-resolved impulsive stimulated Raman spectroscopy.
With the advent of stable, ultrashort laser pulse sources, time-resolved
impulsive stimulated Raman spectroscopy now realizes high sensitivity
and a wide detection frequency window from THz to 3000 cm–1, and has seen success in unveiling the molecular mechanisms underlying
the efficient functions of complex molecular systems. In this Perspective,
we overview the present status of time-domain Raman spectroscopy,
particularly focusing on its application to the study of femtosecond
structural dynamics. We first explain the principle and a brief history
of time-domain Raman spectroscopy and then describe the apparatus
and recent applications to the femtosecond dynamics of complex molecular
systems, including proteins, molecular assemblies, and functional
materials. We also discuss future directions for time-domain Raman
spectroscopy, which has reached a status allowing a wide range of
applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Kuramochi
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems (CIMoS), Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tahei Tahara
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
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4
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Cassabaum AA, Bera K, Rich CC, Nebgen BR, Kwang SY, Clapham ML, Frontiera RR. Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectro-microscopy for probing chemical reaction dynamics in solid-state materials. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:030901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0009976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A. Cassabaum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Kajari Bera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Christopher C. Rich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Bailey R. Nebgen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Siu Yi Kwang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Margaret L. Clapham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Renee R. Frontiera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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5
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Pižl M, Picchiotti A, Rebarz M, Lenngren N, Yingliang L, Záliš S, Kloz M, Vlček A. Time-Resolved Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectra and DFT Anharmonic Vibrational Analysis of an Electronically Excited Rhenium Photosensitizer. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1253-1265. [PMID: 31971382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved femtosecond stimulated Raman spectra (FSRS) of a prototypical organometallic photosensitizer/photocatalyst ReCl(CO)3(2,2'-bipyridine) were measured in a broad spectral range ∼40-2000 (4000) cm-1 at time delays from 40 fs to 4 ns after 400 nm excitation of the lowest allowed electronic transition. Theoretical ground- and excited-state Raman spectra were obtained by anharmonic vibrational analysis using second-order vibrational perturbation theory on vibrations calculated by harmonic approximation at density functional theory-optimized structures. A good match with anharmonically calculated vibrational frequencies allowed for assigning experimental Raman features to particular vibrations. Observed frequency shifts upon excitation (ν(ReCl) and ν(CC inter-ring) vibrations upward; ν(CC, CN) and ν(Re-C) downward) are consistent with the bonding/antibonding characters of the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital involved in excitation and support the delocalized formulation of the lowest triplet state as ReCl(CO)3 → bpy charge transfer. FSRS spectra show a mode-specific temporal evolution, providing insights into the intersystem crossing (ISC) mechanism and subsequent relaxation. Most of the Raman features are present at ∼40 fs and exhibit small shifts and intensity changes with time. The 1450-1600 cm-1 group of bands due to CC, CN, and CC(inter-ring) stretching vibrations undergoes extensive restructuring between 40 and ∼150 fs, followed by frequency upshifts and a biexponential (0.38, 21 ps) area growth, indicating progressing charge separation in the course of the formation and relaxation of the lowest triplet state. Early (40-150 fs) restructuring was also observed in the low-frequency range for ν(Re-Cl) and δ(Re-C-O) vibrations that are presumably activated by ISC. FSRS experimental innovations employed to measure low- and high-energy Raman features simultaneously are described and discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pižl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 182 23 Prague , Czech Republic.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague , Technická 5 , CZ-166 28 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Alessandra Picchiotti
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics , Czech Academy of Sciences , Na Slovance 1999/2 , 182 00 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Mateusz Rebarz
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics , Czech Academy of Sciences , Na Slovance 1999/2 , 182 00 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Nils Lenngren
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics , Czech Academy of Sciences , Na Slovance 1999/2 , 182 00 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Liu Yingliang
- Institute of Biotechnology , Czech Academy of Sciences , Průmyslová 595 , 252 50 Vestec , Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Záliš
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 182 23 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kloz
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics , Czech Academy of Sciences , Na Slovance 1999/2 , 182 00 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Vlček
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 182 23 Prague , Czech Republic.,School of Biological and Chemical Sciences , Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road , London E1 4NS , U.K
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6
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Andrikopoulos PC, Liu Y, Picchiotti A, Lenngren N, Kloz M, Chaudhari AS, Precek M, Rebarz M, Andreasson J, Hajdu J, Schneider B, Fuertes G. Femtosecond-to-nanosecond dynamics of flavin mononucleotide monitored by stimulated Raman spectroscopy and simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:6538-6552. [PMID: 31994556 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04918e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) belongs to the large family of flavins, ubiquitous yellow-coloured biological chromophores that contain an isoalloxazine ring system. As a cofactor in flavoproteins, it is found in various enzymes and photosensory receptors, like those featuring the light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) domain. The photocycle of FMN is triggered by blue light and proceeds via a cascade of intermediate states. In this work, we have studied isolated FMN in an aqueous solution in order to elucidate the intrinsic electronic and vibrational changes of the chromophore upon excitation. The ultrafast transitions of excited FMN were monitored through the joint use of femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) and transient absorption spectroscopy encompassing a time window between 0 ps and 6 ns with 50 fs time resolution. Global analysis of the obtained transient visible absorption and transient Raman spectra in combination with extensive quantum chemistry calculations identified unambiguously the singlet and triplet FMN populations and addressed solvent dynamics effects. The good agreement between the experimental and theoretical spectra facilitated the assignment of electronic transitions and vibrations. Our results represent the first steps towards more complex experiments aimed at tracking structural changes of FMN embedded in light-inducible proteins upon photoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prokopis C Andrikopoulos
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, CZ-252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.
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7
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Bera K, Kwang SY, Cassabaum AA, Rich CC, Frontiera RR. Facile Background Discrimination in Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy Using a Dual-Frequency Raman Pump Technique. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7932-7939. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b02473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kajari Bera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Siu Yi Kwang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Alyssa A. Cassabaum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher C. Rich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Renee R. Frontiera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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8
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Hontani Y, Kloz M, Polívka T, Shukla MK, Sobotka R, Kennis JTM. Molecular Origin of Photoprotection in Cyanobacteria Probed by Watermarked Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1788-1792. [PMID: 29569927 PMCID: PMC5942868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoprotection is fundamental in photosynthesis to avoid oxidative photodamage upon excess light exposure. Excited chlorophylls (Chl) are quenched by carotenoids, but the precise molecular origin remains controversial. The cyanobacterial HliC protein belongs to the Hlip family ancestral to plant light-harvesting complexes, and binds Chl a and β-carotene in 2:1 ratio. We analyzed HliC by watermarked femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy to follow the time evolution of its vibrational modes. We observed a 2 ps rise of the C═C stretch band of the 2Ag- (S1) state of β-carotene upon Chl a excitation, demonstrating energy transfer quenching and fast excess-energy dissipation. We detected two distinct β-carotene conformers by the C═C stretch frequency of the 2Ag- (S1) state, but only the β-carotene whose 2Ag- energy level is significantly lowered and has a lower C═C stretch frequency is involved in quenching. It implies that the low carotenoid S1 energy that results from specific pigment-protein or pigment-pigment interactions is the key property for creating a dissipative energy channel. We conclude that watermarked femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy constitutes a promising experimental method to assess energy transfer and quenching mechanisms in oxygenic photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Hontani
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miroslav Kloz
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- ELI-Beamlines, Institute of Physics, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- Institute
of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Mahendra K. Shukla
- Centre
Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Academy
of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Centre
Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Academy
of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic
| | - John T. M. Kennis
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
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9
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Kuramochi H, Fujisawa T, Takeuchi S, Tahara T. Broadband stimulated Raman spectroscopy in the deep ultraviolet region. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Jen M, Lee S, Jeon K, Hussain S, Pang Y. Ultrafast Intramolecular Proton Transfer of Alizarin Investigated by Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:4129-4136. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myungsam Jen
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sebok Lee
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kooknam Jeon
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Shafqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsoo Pang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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11
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Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) describes a family of techniques first discovered and developed in the 1960s. Whereas the nascent history of the technique is parallel to that of laser light sources, recent advances have spurred a resurgence in its use and development that has spanned across scientific fields and spatial scales. SRS is a nonlinear technique that probes the same vibrational modes of molecules that are seen in spontaneous Raman scattering. While spontaneous Raman scattering is an incoherent technique, SRS is a coherent process, and this fact provides several advantages over conventional Raman techniques, among which are much stronger signals and the ability to time-resolve the vibrational motions. Technological improvements in pulse generation and detection strategies have allowed SRS to probe increasingly smaller volumes and shorter time scales. This has enabled SRS research to move from its original domain, of probing bulk media, to imaging biological tissues and single cells at the micro scale, and, ultimately, to characterizing samples with subdiffraction resolution at the nanoscale. In this Review, we give an overview of the history of the technique, outline its basic properties, and present historical and current uses at multiple length scales to underline the utility of SRS to the molecular sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Prince
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine , 1436 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Renee R Frontiera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis , B-18, 139 Smith Hall, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Eric O Potma
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , 1107 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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12
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Hontani Y, Inoue K, Kloz M, Kato Y, Kandori H, Kennis JTM. The photochemistry of sodium ion pump rhodopsin observed by watermarked femto- to submillisecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:24729-36. [PMID: 27550793 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05240a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Krokinobacter rhodopsin 2 (KR2) is a recently discovered light-driven Na(+) pump that holds significant promise for application as a neural silencer in optogenetics. KR2 transports Na(+) (in NaCl solution) or H(+) (in larger cation solution, e.g. in CsCl) during its photocycle. Here, we investigate the photochemistry of KR2 with the recently developed watermarked, baseline-free femto- to submillisecond transient stimulated Raman spectroscopy (TSRS), which enables us to investigate retinal chromophore dynamics in real time with high spectral resolution over a large time range. We propose a new photocycle from femtoseconds to submilliseconds: J (formed in ∼200 fs) → K (∼3 ps) → K/L1 (∼20 ps) → K/L2 (∼30 ns) → L/M (∼20 μs). KR2 binds a Na(+) ion that is not transported on the extracellular side, of which the function is unclear. We demonstrate with TSRS that for the D102N mutant in NaCl (with Na(+) unbound, Na(+) transport) and for WT KR2 in CsCl (with Na(+) unbound, H(+) transport), the extracellular Na(+) binding significantly influences the intermediate K/L/M state equilibrium on the photocycle, while the identity of the transported ion, Na(+) or H(+), does not affect the photocycle. Our findings will contribute to further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of KR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Hontani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Redeckas K, Toliautas S, Steponavičiūtė R, Šačkus A, Sulskus J, Vengris M. A femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopic study on the oxazine ring opening dynamics of structurally-modified indolobenzoxazines. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Redeckas K, Voiciuk V, Vengris M. Investigation of the S1/ICT equilibrium in fucoxanthin by ultrafast pump-dump-probe and femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopy. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 128:169-181. [PMID: 26742754 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved multi-pulse spectroscopic methods-pump-dump-probe (PDP) and femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy-were used to investigate the excited state photodynamics of the carbonyl group containing carotenoid fucoxanthin (FX). PDP experiments show that S1 and ICT states in FX are strongly coupled and that the interstate equilibrium is rapidly (<5 ps) reestablished after one of the interacting states is deliberately depopulated. Femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering experiments indicate that S1 and ICT are vibrationally distinct species. Identification of the FSRS modes on the S1 and ICT potential energy surfaces allows us to predict a possible coupling channel for the state interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kipras Redeckas
- Department of Quantum Electronics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio AV. 10, 10223, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Vladislava Voiciuk
- Department of Quantum Electronics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio AV. 10, 10223, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mikas Vengris
- Department of Quantum Electronics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio AV. 10, 10223, Vilnius, Lithuania
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15
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Batignani G, Fumero G, Mukamel S, Scopigno T. Energy flow between spectral components in 2D broadband stimulated Raman spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:10454-61. [PMID: 25802897 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05361c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a general theoretical description of non resonant impulsive femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy in a multimode harmonic model. In this technique an ultrashort actinic pulse creates coherences of low frequency modes and is followed by a paired narrowband Raman pulse and a broadband probe pulse. Using closed-time-path-loop (CTPL) diagrams, the response on both the red and the blue sides of the broadband pulse with respect to the narrowband Raman pulse is calculated, the process couples high and low frequency modes, which share the same ground state. The transmitted intensity oscillates between the red and the blue side, while the total number of photons is conserved. The total energy of the probe signal is periodically modulated in time by the coherence created in the low frequency modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Batignani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Roma "Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy
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16
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Dietze DR, Mathies RA. Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1224-51. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Dietze
- Department of Chemistry; University of California in Berkeley; CA Berkeley 94720 USA
| | - Richard A. Mathies
- Department of Chemistry; University of California in Berkeley; CA Berkeley 94720 USA
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17
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Takaya T, Iwata K. Development of a femtosecond time-resolved near-IR multiplex stimulated Raman spectrometer in resonance with transitions in the 900–1550 nm region. Analyst 2016; 141:4283-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an01051b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A femtosecond time-resolved near-IR multiplex stimulated Raman spectrometer has been developed for investigating the structural dynamics in charge-transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Takaya
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Gakushuin University
- Toshima-ku
- Japan
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Gakushuin University
- Toshima-ku
- Japan
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Kloz M, Weißenborn J, Polívka T, Frank HA, Kennis JTM. Spectral watermarking in femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy: resolving the nature of the carotenoid S* state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:14619-28. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01464j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A new method for recording femtosecond stimulated Raman spectra was developed that dramatically improves and automatizes baseline problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Kloz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
- ELI-Beamlines
| | - Jörn Weißenborn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- University of South Bohemia
- 370 05 České Budějovice
- Czech Republic
| | - Harry A. Frank
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Connecticut
- Storrs
- USA
| | - John T. M. Kennis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
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19
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Kardaś TM, Ratajska-Gadomska B, Lapini A, Ragnoni E, Righini R, Di Donato M, Foggi P, Gadomski W. Dynamics of the time-resolved stimulated Raman scattering spectrum in presence of transient vibronic inversion of population on the example of optically excited trans-β-apo-8'-carotenal. J Chem Phys 2015; 140:204312. [PMID: 24880285 DOI: 10.1063/1.4879060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the effect of transient vibrational inversion of population in trans-β-apo-8(')-carotenal on the time-resolved femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering (TR-FSRS) signal. The experimental data are interpreted by applying a quantum mechanical approach, using the formalism of projection operators for constructing the theoretical model of TR-FSRS. Within this theoretical frame we explain the presence of transient Raman losses on the Stokes side of the TR-FSRS spectrum as the effect of vibrational inversion of population. In view of the obtained experimental and theoretical results, we conclude that the excited S2 electronic level of trans-β-apo-8(')-carotenal relaxes towards the S0 ground state through a set of four vibrational sublevels of S1 state.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Kardaś
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Zwirki Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Ratajska-Gadomska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Zwirki Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Lapini
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Universit`a di Firenze, Via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - E Ragnoni
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Universit`a di Firenze, Via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - R Righini
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Universit`a di Firenze, Via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - M Di Donato
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Universit`a di Firenze, Via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - P Foggi
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Universit`a di Firenze, Via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - W Gadomski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Zwirki Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Quick M, Dobryakov AL, Kovalenko SA, Ernsting NP. Resonance Femtosecond-Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy without Actinic Excitation Showing Low-Frequency Vibrational Activity in the S2 State of All-Trans β-Carotene. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:1216-1220. [PMID: 26262974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Raman scattering with stimulating femtosecond probe pulses (FSR) was used to observe vibrational activity of all-trans β-carotene in n-hexane. The short-lived excited electronic state S2 was accessed in two ways: (i) by transient FSR after an actinic pulse to populate the S2 state, exploiting resonance from an Sx ← S2 transition, and (ii) by FSR without actinic excitation, using S2 ↔ S0 resonance exclusively and narrow-band Raman/broad-band femtosecond probe pulses only. The two approaches have nonlinear optical susceptibilities χ((5)) and χ((3)), respectively. Both methods show low-frequency bands of the S2 state at 200, 400, and ∼600 cm(-1), which are reported for the first time. With (ii) the intensities of low-frequency vibrational resonances in S2 are larger compared to those in S0, implying strong anharmonicities/mode mixing in the excited state. In principle, for short-lived electronic states, the χ((3)) method should allow the best characterization of low-frequency modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Quick
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander L Dobryakov
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergey A Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus P Ernsting
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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21
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Grumstrup EM, Chen Z, Vary RP, Moran AM, Schanze KS, Papanikolas JM. Frequency Modulated Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy of Ultrafast Energy Transfer in a Donor–Acceptor Copolymer. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:8245-55. [DOI: 10.1021/jp404498u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik M. Grumstrup
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ryan P. Vary
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - Andrew M. Moran
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - Kirk S. Schanze
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - John M. Papanikolas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
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22
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Kraack JP, Wand A, Buckup T, Motzkus M, Ruhman S. Mapping multidimensional excited state dynamics using pump-impulsive-vibrational-spectroscopy and pump-degenerate-four-wave-mixing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:14487-501. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50871d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Durchan M, Fuciman M, Šlouf V, Keşan G, Polívka T. Excited-State Dynamics of Monomeric and Aggregated Carotenoid 8′-Apo-β-carotenal. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:12330-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp310140k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Durchan
- Institute
of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská
31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Fuciman
- Institute
of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská
31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Šlouf
- Institute
of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská
31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Gürkan Keşan
- Institute
of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská
31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- Institute
of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská
31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Kloz M, Grondelle RV, Kennis JT. Correction for the time dependent inner filter effect caused by transient absorption in femtosecond stimulated Raman experiment. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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