1
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Dembitsky VM. Steroids Bearing Heteroatom as Potential Drugs for Medicine. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2698. [PMID: 37893072 PMCID: PMC10604304 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heteroatom steroids, a diverse class of organic compounds, have attracted significant attention in the field of medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. The biological profiles of heteroatom steroids are of considerable interest to chemists, biologists, pharmacologists, and the pharmaceutical industry. These compounds have shown promise as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of various diseases, such as cancer, infectious diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. Moreover, the incorporation of heteroatoms has led to the development of targeted drug delivery systems, prodrugs, and other innovative pharmaceutical approaches. Heteroatom steroids represent a fascinating area of research, bridging the fields of organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and pharmacology. The exploration of their chemical diversity and biological activities holds promise for the discovery of novel drug candidates and the development of more effective and targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
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2
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Flores-Rivera MM, Carmona-Negrón JA, Rheingold AL, Meléndez E. 3-Ferrocenyl-estra-1,3,5 (10)-triene-17-one: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, DFT Studies, and Its Binding to Human Serum Albumin Studied through Fluorescence Quenching and In Silico Docking Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:6147. [PMID: 37630399 PMCID: PMC10458889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
3-ferrocenyl-estra-1,3,5 (10)-triene-17-one (2), [Fe(C5H5)(C24H25O3)], crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2. The cyclopentadienyl (Cp) rings adopt a nearly eclipsed conformation, and the Cp plane is tilted by 87.66° with respect to the substituted phenyl plane. An average Fe-C(Cp) bond length of 2.040(13) Å was determined, similar to the one reported for ferrocene. Hirshfeld surfaces and two-dimensional fingerprint plots were generated to analyze weak intermolecular C-H···π and C-H···O interactions. Density functional theory studies revealed a 1.15 kcal/mol rotational barrier for the C3-O1 single bound. Fluorescence quenching studies and in silico docking studies suggest that human serum albumin forms a complex with 2 via a static mechanism dominated by van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola M. Flores-Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 9019, Mayaguez, PR 00681, USA; (M.M.F.-R.); (J.A.C.-N.)
| | - José A. Carmona-Negrón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 9019, Mayaguez, PR 00681, USA; (M.M.F.-R.); (J.A.C.-N.)
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California–San Diego, Urey Hall 5128, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Enrique Meléndez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 9019, Mayaguez, PR 00681, USA; (M.M.F.-R.); (J.A.C.-N.)
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3
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Novel ferrocene-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine hybrids: A facile environment-friendly regioselective synthesis, structure elucidation, and their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-biofilm activities. J CHEM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-022-02064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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4
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Raičević V, Radulović N, Sakač M. Toward Selective Anticancer Agents: Ferrocene‐Steroid Conjugates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vidak Raičević
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3 21000 Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Niko Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics University of Niš Višegradska 33 18000 Niš Serbia
| | - Marija Sakač
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3 21000 Novi Sad Serbia
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5
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Sharma B, Kumar V. Has Ferrocene Really Delivered Its Role in Accentuating the Bioactivity of Organic Scaffolds? J Med Chem 2021; 64:16865-16921. [PMID: 34792350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ferrocene is an important structural core in bioorganometallic chemistry because of its inherent stability, excellent redox properties, and low toxicity. Ferroquine and ferrocifen are two of the most notable contributions of ferrocene to medicinal chemistry with remarkable antimalarial and anticancer properties. The improved medicinal properties of these drug candidates highlight the impact that ferrocene can have on the molecular and biological properties of the bioactive compounds. In this Perspective, we investigate the scope and limitations of ferrocene incorporation into organic compounds/natural products on their mode of action and biological activities. We have also discussed the detailed role of ferrocene modifications in influencing the anticancer, antimalarial, and antimicrobial properties of various bioactive moieties to design safer and promising ferrocene-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharvi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
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6
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Narváez‐Pita X, Meléndez E. Binding studies of ferrocene‐steroid conjugates with human serum albumin as potential drug carrier using fluorescence spectroscopy and in silico docking approach. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrique Meléndez
- Department of Chemistry University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez Puerto Rico
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7
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Herman BE, Gardi J, Julesz J, Tömböly C, Szánti-Pintér E, Fehér K, Skoda-Földes R, Szécsi M. Steroidal ferrocenes as potential enzyme inhibitors of the estrogen biosynthesis. Biol Futur 2021; 71:249-264. [PMID: 34554507 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-020-00023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The potential inhibitory effect of diverse triazolyl-ferrocene steroids on key enzymes of the estrogen biosynthesis was investigated. Test compounds were synthesized via copper-catalyzed cycloaddition of steroidal azides and ferrocenyl-alkynes using our efficient methodology published previously. Inhibition of human aromatase, steroid sulfatase (STS) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1) activities was investigated with in vitro radiosubstrate incubations. Some of the test compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of the STS. A compound bearing ferrocenyl side chain on the C-2 displayed a reversible inhibition, whereas C-16 and C-17 derivatives displayed competitive irreversible binding mechanism toward the enzyme. 17α-Triazolyl-ferrocene derivatives of 17β-estradiol exerted outstanding inhibitory effect and experiments demonstrated a key role of the ferrocenyl moiety in the enhanced binding affinity. Submicromolar IC50 and Ki parameters enroll these compounds to the group of the most effective STS inhibitors published so far. STS inhibitory potential of the steroidal ferrocenes may lead to the development of novel compounds able to suppress in situ biosynthesis of 17β-estradiol in target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Edina Herman
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 8-10, P. O. Box 427, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - János Gardi
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 8-10, P. O. Box 427, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - János Julesz
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 8-10, P. O. Box 427, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Csaba Tömböly
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári körút 62, P. O. Box 521, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Eszter Szánti-Pintér
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Pannonia, Egyetem utca 10, P. O. Box 158, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| | - Klaudia Fehér
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Pannonia, Egyetem utca 10, P. O. Box 158, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| | - Rita Skoda-Földes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Pannonia, Egyetem utca 10, P. O. Box 158, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary.
| | - Mihály Szécsi
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 8-10, P. O. Box 427, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
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Raičević V, Radulović N, Jovanović L, Rodić M, Kuzminac I, Jakimov D, Wrodnigg T, Knedel T, Janiak C, Sakač M. Ferrocenylmethylation of estrone and estradiol: Structure, electrochemistry, and antiproliferative activity of new ferrocene–steroid conjugates. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vidak Raičević
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3 Novi Sad 21000 Serbia
| | - Niko Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics University of Niš Višegradska 33 Niš 18000 Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Jovanović
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3 Novi Sad 21000 Serbia
| | - Marko Rodić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3 Novi Sad 21000 Serbia
| | - Ivana Kuzminac
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3 Novi Sad 21000 Serbia
| | - Dimitar Jakimov
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina Put doktora Goldmana 4 Sremska Kamenica 21204 Serbia
| | - Tanja Wrodnigg
- Glycogroup Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9 Graz A‐8010 Austria
| | - Tim‐Oliver Knedel
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Structural Chemistry Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1 Düsseldorf D‐40225 Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Structural Chemistry Heinrich‐Heine‐Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1 Düsseldorf D‐40225 Germany
| | - Marija Sakač
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3 Novi Sad 21000 Serbia
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9
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Carmona‐Negrón JA, Liboy‐Lugo JM, Santana A, Meléndez E. Synthesis and structural studies of 16‐ferrocenemethyl‐estra‐1,3,5(10)‐triene‐3,17β‐diol and its interaction with human serum albumin by fluorescence spectroscopy and
in silico
docking approaches. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - José M. Liboy‐Lugo
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez Puerto Rico USA
| | - Alberto Santana
- Department of Chemistry University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez Puerto Rico USA
| | - Enrique Meléndez
- Department of Chemistry University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez Puerto Rico USA
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10
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Costa NCS, Piccoli JP, Santos-Filho NA, Clementino LC, Fusco-Almeida AM, De Annunzio SR, Fontana CR, Verga JBM, Eto SF, Pizauro-Junior JM, Graminha MAS, Cilli EM. Antimicrobial activity of RP-1 peptide conjugate with ferrocene group. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228740. [PMID: 32214347 PMCID: PMC7098557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases are a neglected and serious problem, especially in underdeveloped countries. Among the major parasitic diseases, Leishmaniasis figures as an urgent challenge due to its high incidence and severity. At the same time, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics by the population is increasing together with resistance to medicines. To address this problem, new antibiotic-like molecules that directly kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms are necessary, where antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can be of great help. In this work, the ferrocene molecule, one active compound with low levels of in vivo toxicity, was coupled to the N-terminus of the RP1 peptide (derived from the human chemokine CXCL4), aiming to evaluate how this change modifies the structure, biological activity, and toxicity of the peptide. The peptide and the conjugate were synthesized using the solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Circular dichroism assays in PBS showed that the RP1 peptide and its conjugate had a typical spectrum for disordered structures. The Fc-RP1 presented anti-amastigote activity against Leishmania amazonensis (IC50 = 0.25 μmol L–1). In comparison with amphotericin B, a second-line drug approved for leishmaniasis treatment, (IC50 = 0.63 μmol L-1), Fc-RP1 was more active and showed a 2.5-fold higher selectivity index. The RP1 peptide presented a MIC of 4.3 μmol L-1 against S. agalactiae, whilst Fc-RP1 was four times more active (MIC = 0.96 μmol L-1), indicating that ferrocene improved the antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The Fc-RP1 peptide also decreased the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the assays against E. faecalis (MIC = 7.9 μmol L-1), E. coli (MIC = 3.9 μmol L-1) and S. aureus (MIC = 3.9 μmol L-1). The cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested against HaCaT cells, and no significant activity at the highest concentration tested (500 μg. mL-1) was observed, showing the high potential of this new compound as a possible new drug. The coupling of ferrocene also increased the vesicle permeabilization of the peptide, showing a direct relation between high peptide concentration and high carboxyfluorescein release, which indicates the action mechanism by pore formation on the vesicles. Several studies have shown that ferrocene destabilizes cell membranes through lipid peroxidation, leading to cell lysis. It is noteworthy that the Fc-RP1 peptide synthesized here is a prototype of a bioconjugation strategy, but it still is a compound with great biological activity against neglected and fish diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia C. S. Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Julia P. Piccoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Norival A. Santos-Filho
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Leandro C. Clementino
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana M. Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Sarah R. De Annunzio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Carla R. Fontana
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Juliane B. M. Verga
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Silas F. Eto
- Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - João M. Pizauro-Junior
- Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Marcia A. S. Graminha
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- * E-mail: (EMC); (MASG)
| | - Eduardo M. Cilli
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- * E-mail: (EMC); (MASG)
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11
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Wang R, Chen H, Yan W, Zheng M, Zhang T, Zhang Y. Ferrocene-containing hybrids as potential anticancer agents: Current developments, mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 190:112109. [PMID: 32032851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most fatal threatens to human health throughout the world. The major challenges in the control and eradication of cancers are the continuous emergency of drug-resistant cancer and the low specificity of anticancer agents, creating an urgent need to develop novel anticancer agents. Organometallic compounds especially ferrocene derivatives possess remarkable structural and mechanistic diversity, inherent stability towards air, heat and light, low toxicity, low cost, reversible redox, ligand exchange, and catalytic properties, making them promising drug candidates for cancer therapy. Ferrocifen, a ferrocene-phenol hybrid, has demonstrated promising anticancer properties on drug-resistant cancers. Currently, Ferrocifen is in pre-clinical trial against cancers. Obviously, ferrocene moiety is a useful template for the development of novel anticancer agents. This review will provide an overview of ferrocene-containing hybrids with potential application in the treatment of cancers covering articles published between 2010 and 2020. The mechanisms of action, the critical aspects of design and structure-activity relationships are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Wang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China.
| | - Huahong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Weitao Yan
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Mingwen Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Tesen Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Yaohuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
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12
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Carmona-Negrón JA, Flores-Rivera MM, Santana A, Rheingold AL, Meléndez E. Synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld Surface analysis, and DFT studies of 16-ferrocenylidene-17β-estra-1,3,5-triene-3,17-diol: Towards the application of ferrocene-hormone conjugates to target hormone dependent breast cancer. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Carmona-Negrón JA, Santana A, Rheingold AL, Meléndez E. Synthesis, structure, docking and cytotoxic studies of ferrocene–hormone conjugates for hormone-dependent breast cancer application. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:5952-5964. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01856a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ferrocene–estrogen conjugates can be recognized by ERα, suggesting that estrogens could serve as vectors to target specifically breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Santana
- University of Puerto Rico
- Department of Chemistry
- Mayagüez
- Puerto Rico
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- University of California–San Diego
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Enrique Meléndez
- University of Puerto Rico
- Department of Chemistry
- Mayagüez
- Puerto Rico
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Basu Baul TS, Dutta D, Duthie A, Rocha BGM, Guedes da Silva MFC, Saurav S, Manna SK. Syntheses, Structural Snapshots, Solution Redox Properties, and Cytotoxic Performances of Designated Ferrocene Scaffolds Appended with Organostannyl(IV) benzoates en Route for Human Hepatic Carcinoma. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar S. Basu Baul
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, NEHU Permanent
Campus, Umshing, Shillong 793 022, India
| | - Dhrubajyoti Dutta
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, NEHU Permanent
Campus, Umshing, Shillong 793 022, India
| | - Andrew Duthie
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Bruno G. M. Rocha
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M. Fátima C. Guedes da Silva
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Shashank Saurav
- Graduate Studies, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka India
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics, Nampally, Hyderabad 500 001, India
| | - Sunil K. Manna
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics, Nampally, Hyderabad 500 001, India
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15
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Dembitsky VM, Gloriozova TA, Imbs AB. Ferrocene and titanocene steroid conjugates: Structures and activities - a brief review. VIETNAM JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/vjch.201800001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew B. Imbs
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology; Vladivostok Russia 690041
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16
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17
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Shin HJ, Moon S, Kim JC. Structure and Properties of Macrocyclic Nickel(II) Coordination Polymer Bearing 1,1'-Ferrocenedicarboxylate Bridging Ligand. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2016. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2016.60.6.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Carmona-Negrón JA, Flores-Rivera MM, Díaz-Reyes Z, Moore CE, Rheigold AL, Meléndez E. Crystal structure of 16-ferrocenylmethyl-3β-hydroxy-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one: a potential chemotherapeutic drug. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2016; 72:868-71. [PMID: 27308062 PMCID: PMC4908549 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989016008446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new ferrocene complex, 16-ferrocenylmethyl-3β-hy-droxy-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one dimethyl sulfoxide monosolvate, [Fe(C5H5)(C24H27O2)]·C2H6OS, has been synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The mol-ecule crystallizes in the space group P21 with one mol-ecule of dimethyl sulfoxide. A hydrogen bond links the phenol group and the dimethyl sulfoxide O atom, with an O⋯O distance of 2.655 (5) Å. The ferrocene group is positioned in the β face of the estrone moiety, with an O-C-C-C torsion angle of 44.1 (5)°, and the carbonyl bond length of the hormone moiety is 1.216 (5) Å, typical of a C=O double bond. The average Fe-C bond length of the substituted Cp ring [Fe-C(Cp*)] is similar to that of the unsubstituted one [Fe-C(Cp)], i.e. 2.048 (3) versus 2.040 (12) Å. The structure of the complex is compared with those of estrone and eth-oxy-methyl-estrone.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Carmona-Negrón
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 9019, Mayaguez, PR 00681, Puerto Rico
| | - Mariola M. Flores-Rivera
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemical Engineering, PO Box 9000, Mayaguez, PR 00681, Puerto Rico
| | - Zaibeth Díaz-Reyes
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemical Engineering, PO Box 9000, Mayaguez, PR 00681, Puerto Rico
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- University of California–San Diego, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Urey Hall 5128, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | - Arnold L. Rheigold
- University of California–San Diego, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Urey Hall 5128, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | - Enrique Meléndez
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 9019, Mayaguez, PR 00681, Puerto Rico
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Pérez WI, Rheingold AL, Meléndez E. Crystal structure of bis-[4-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phen-yl] ferrocene-1,1'-di-carboxyl-ate: a potential chemotherapeutic drug. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:536-9. [PMID: 25995874 PMCID: PMC4420060 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015007446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title iron(II) complex, [Fe(C16H12NO2)2], crystallizes in the ortho-rhom-bic space group Pbca with the Fe(2+) cation positioned on an inversion center. The cyclo-penta-dienyl (Cp) rings adopt an anti conformation in contrast with other substituted ferrocenes in which the Cp rings appear in a nearly eclipsed conformation. The Cp and the aromatic rings are positioned out of the plane, with a twist angle of 70.20 (12)°, and the C(Cp)-C(CO) bond length is shorter than a typical C-C single bond, which suggests a partial double-bond character and delocalization with the Cp π system. The structure of the complex is compared to other functionalized ferrocenes synthesized in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda I. Pérez
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 9019, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico 00681, USA
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- University of California-San Diego, Department of Chemistry, Urey Hall 5128, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | - Enrique Meléndez
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 9019, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico 00681, USA
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Balaji B, Balakrishnan B, Perumalla S, Karande AA, Chakravarty AR. Mitochondria-Targeting Photocytotoxic Ferrocenyl Conjugates ofN-Alkylpyridinium Salts. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201403118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pérez WI, Soto Y, Ortíz C, Matta J, Meléndez E. Ferrocenes as potential chemotherapeutic drugs: synthesis, cytotoxic activity, reactive oxygen species production and micronucleus assay. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:471-9. [PMID: 25555734 PMCID: PMC4330091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three new ferrocene complexes were synthesized with 4-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenol group appended to one of the Cp ring. These are: 1,1'-4-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl ferrocenedicarboxylate, ('Fc-(CO2-Ph-4-Py)2'), 1,4-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl, 1'-carboxyl ferrocenecarboxylate ('Fc-(CO2-Ph-4-Py)CO2H') and 4-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl ferroceneacetylate ('Fc-CH2CO2-Ph-4-Py'). The new species were characterized by standard analytical methods. Cyclic voltammetry experiments showed that Fc-CH2CO2-Ph-4-Py has redox potential very similar to the Fc/Fc(+) redox couple whereas Fc-(CO2-Ph-4-Py)2 and Fc-(CO2-Ph-4-Py)CO2H have redox potentials of over 400 mV higher than Fc/Fc(+) redox couple. The in vitro studies on Fc-(CO2-Ph-4-Py)2 and Fc-(CO2-Ph-4-Py)CO2H revealed that these two compounds have moderate anti-proliferative activity on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. In contrast Fc-CH2CO2-Ph-4-Py which displayed low anti-proliferative activity. In the HT-29 colon cancer cell line, the new species showed low anti-proliferative activity. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN) was performed on these ferrocenes and it was determined they induce micronucleus formation on binucleated cells and moderate genotoxic effects on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. There is a correlation between the IC50 values of the ferrocenes and the amount of micronucleus formation activity on binucleated cells and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production on MCF-7 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda I Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 9019, Mayagüez, PR 00681, United States
| | - Yarelys Soto
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 9019, Mayagüez, PR 00681, United States
| | - Carmen Ortíz
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Physiology, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ponce, PR 00732-7004, United States
| | - Jaime Matta
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Physiology, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ponce, PR 00732-7004, United States
| | - Enrique Meléndez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 9019, Mayagüez, PR 00681, United States.
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Vera JL, Rullán J, Santos N, Jiménez J, Rivera J, Santana A, Briggs J, Rheingold AL, Matta J, Meléndez E. Functionalized ferrocenes: The role of the para substituent on the phenoxy pendant group. J Organomet Chem 2014; 749:204-214. [PMID: 27453588 PMCID: PMC4957819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Six ferrocenecarboxylates with phenyl, 4-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4-bromophenyl, 4-iodophenyl as pendant groups were synthesized and fully characterized by spectroscopic, electrochemical and X-ray diffraction methods. The anti-proliferative activity of these complexes were investigated in hormone dependent MCF-7 breast cancer and MCF-10A normal breast cell lines, to determine the role of the para substituent on the phenoxy pendant group. The 4-fluorophenyl ferrocenecarboxylate is inactive in both cell lines while 4-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl ferrocenecarboxylate is highly cytotoxic in both cell lines. 4-chlorophenyl and 4-bromophenyl ferrocenecarboxylates have moderate to good anti-proliferative activity in MCF-7 and low anti-proliferative activity on normal breast cell line, MCF-10A whereas the 4-iodophenyl analog is highly toxic on normal breast cell line. The phenyl ferrocenecarboxylate has proliferative effects on MCF-7 and is inactive in MCF-10A. Docking studies between the complexes and the alpha-estrogen receptor (ERα) were performed to search for key interactions which may explain the anti-proliferative activity of 4-bromophenyl ferrocenecarboxylate. Docking studies suggest the anti-proliferative activity of these ferrocenecarboxylates is attributed to the cytotoxic effects of the ferrocene group and not to anti-estrogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L. Vera
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 9019, Mayagüez 00681, Puerto Rico
| | - Jorge Rullán
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 9019, Mayagüez 00681, Puerto Rico
| | - Natasha Santos
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 9019, Mayagüez 00681, Puerto Rico
| | - Jesús Jiménez
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 9019, Mayagüez 00681, Puerto Rico
| | - Joshua Rivera
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 9019, Mayagüez 00681, Puerto Rico
| | - Alberto Santana
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 9019, Mayagüez 00681, Puerto Rico
| | - Jon Briggs
- University of California-San Diego, Department of Chemistry, Urey Hall 5128, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- University of California-San Diego, Department of Chemistry, Urey Hall 5128, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | - Jaime Matta
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Physiology, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ponce 00732-7004, Puerto Rico
| | - Enrique Meléndez
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 9019, Mayagüez 00681, Puerto Rico
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Le Bideau
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg (UMR 7177), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg 67000, France
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Domínguez-García M, Ortega-Zúñiga C, Meléndez E. New tungstenocenes containing 3-hydroxy-4-pyrone ligands: antiproliferative activity on HT-29 and MCF-7 cell lines and binding to human serum albumin studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular modeling methods. J Biol Inorg Chem 2013; 18:195-209. [PMID: 23212785 PMCID: PMC3565000 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-012-0964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Three new water-soluble tungstenocene derivatives were synthesized and characterized using 3-hydroxy-4-pyrone ligands, which provide aqueous stability to the complexes. The antiproliferative activities of the complexes on HT-29 colon cancer and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and showed the new tungstenocene derivatives have higher antiproliferative action than tungstenocene dichloride (Cp(2)WCl(2), where Cp is cyclopentadienyl). The binding interactions of the tungstenocenes with human serum albumin (HSA) were investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular modeling methods. Analysis of the fluorescence quenching spectra indicates that the tungstenocene complexes bind HSA by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding at fatty acid binding site 6 and drug binding site II. Docking studies provided a description of the hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding by which the tungstenocenes become engaged with HSA. It was determined that the binding affinity of the tungstenoecenes for HSA is in the order Cp(2)WCl(2) < [Cp(2)W(ethyl maltolato)]Cl < [Cp(2)W(maltolato)]Cl < [Cp(2)W(kojato)]Cl, consistent with the hydrophobic interactions and the number of hydrogen bonds involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Ortega-Zúñiga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 9019, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA
| | - Enrique Meléndez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 9019, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA
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Plażuk D, Rychlik B, Błauż A, Domagała S. Synthesis, electrochemistry and anticancer activity of novel ferrocenyl phenols prepared via azide-alkyne 1,3-cycloaddition reaction. J Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
The application use of organometallic compounds into the cancer research was established in the late 1970s by Köpf-Maeir and Köpf. This new research area has been developed for the past thirty years. In the early 1980s, Jaouen and coworkers recognized the potential application of organometallic compounds vectorized with pendant groups that can deliver the drug to certain specific receptors. This is what is called nowdays Target Specific Drugs. This review will focus on metallocenes vectorized with steroids derivatives of hormones, nonsteroidal and selective endrocrine modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Meléndez
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 9019 Mayagüez, PR 00681
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Plażuk D, Wieczorek A, Błauż A, Rychlik B. Synthesis and biological activities of ferrocenyl derivatives of paclitaxel. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md00315e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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