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Vivancos Á, Segarra C, Albrecht M. Mesoionic and Related Less Heteroatom-Stabilized N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis, Catalysis, and Other Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9493-9586. [PMID: 30014699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mesoionic carbenes are a subclass of the family of N-heterocyclic carbenes that generally feature less heteroatom stabilization of the carbenic carbon and hence impart specific donor properties and reactivity schemes when coordinated to a transition metal. Therefore, mesoionic carbenes and their complexes have attracted considerable attention both from a fundamental point of view as well as for application in catalysis and beyond. As a follow-up of an earlier Chemical Reviews overview from 2009, the organometallic chemistry of N-heterocyclic carbenes with reduced heteroatom stabilization is compiled for the 2008-2017 period, including specifically the chemistry of complexes containing 1,2,3-triazolylidenes, 4-imidazolylidenes, and related 5-membered N-heterocyclic carbenes with reduced heteratom stabilization such as (is)oxazolylidenes, pyrrazolylidenes, and thiazolylidenes, as well as pyridylidenes as 6-membered N-heterocyclic carbenes with reduced heteroatom stabilization. For each ligand subclass, metalation strategies, electronic and steric properties, and applications, in particular, in metal-mediated catalysis, are compiled. Mesoionic carbenes demonstrate particularly high activity in (water) oxidation, hydrogen transfer reactions, and cyclization reactions. Unique features of these ligands are identified such as their dipolar structure, their specific donor properties, as well as stability aspects of the ligand and the complexes, which provides opportunities for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Vivancos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland.,Departamento de Química Inorgánica , Universidad de Murcia , Apartado 4021 , 30071 Murcia , Spain
| | - Candela Segarra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland.,Instituto de Tecnología Química , Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Avenida de los Naranjos s/n , 46022 Valencia , Spain
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland
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2
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Schmid J, Frey W, Peters R. Polynuclear Enantiopure Salen–Mesoionic Carbene Hybrid Complexes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Schmid
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - René Peters
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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3
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Expanding the Scope of Cu(I) Catalyzed “Click Chemistry” with Abnormal NHCs: Three-Fold Click to Tris-Triazoles. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7090262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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4
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Davies DL, Macgregor SA, McMullin CL. Computational Studies of Carboxylate-Assisted C-H Activation and Functionalization at Group 8-10 Transition Metal Centers. Chem Rev 2017; 117:8649-8709. [PMID: 28530807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Computational studies on carboxylate-assisted C-H activation and functionalization at group 8-10 transition metal centers are reviewed. This Review is organized by metal and will cover work published from late 2009 until mid-2016. A brief overview of computational work prior to 2010 is also provided, and this outlines the understanding of carboxylate-assisted C-H activation in terms of the "ambiphilic metal-ligand assistance" (AMLA) and "concerted metalation deprotonation" (CMD) concepts. Computational studies are then surveyed in terms of the nature of the C-H bond being activated (C(sp2)-H or C(sp3)-H), the nature of the process involved (intramolecular with a directing group or intermolecular), and the context (stoichiometric C-H activation or within a variety of catalytic processes). This Review aims to emphasize the connection between computation and experiment and to highlight the contribution of computational chemistry to our understanding of catalytic C-H functionalization based on carboxylate-assisted C-H activation. Some opportunities where the interplay between computation and experiment may contribute further to the areas of catalytic C-H functionalization and applied computational chemistry are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester , Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart A Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L McMullin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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5
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Vivancos Á, Albrecht M. Influence of the Linker Length and Coordination Mode of (Di)Triazolylidene Ligands on the Structure and Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation Activity of Iridium(III) Centers. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Vivancos
- Departement für Chemie
und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Departement für Chemie
und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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6
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Reaction of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) with different HF sources and ratios – A free fluoride reagent based on imidazolium fluoride. J Fluor Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Farrell K, Melle P, Gossage RA, Müller-Bunz H, Albrecht M. Transfer hydrogenation with abnormal dicarbene rhodium(iii) complexes containing ancillary and modular poly-pyridine ligands. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:4570-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04656d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rhodium(iii) complexes with abnormal dicarbene and diimine ligands are transfer hydrogenation catalysts with visually distinct active and dormant states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Farrell
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Belfield
- Ireland
| | - Philipp Melle
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Belfield
- Ireland
| | - Robert A. Gossage
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie
- Universität Bern
- CH-3012 Bern
- Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry & Biology
| | | | - Martin Albrecht
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Belfield
- Ireland
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie
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8
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Farrell K, Müller-Bunz H, Albrecht M. Versatile bonding and coordination modes of ditriazolylidene ligands in rhodium(iii) and iridium(iii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:15859-15871. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01760f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Metalation of novel ditriazolium salts containing a trimethylene (–CH2CH2CH2–) or dimethylether linker (–CH2OCH2–) was probed with different rhodium(iii) and iridium(iii) precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Farrell
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- University College Dublin
- Belfield
- Ireland
| | - Helge Müller-Bunz
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- University College Dublin
- Belfield
- Ireland
| | - Martin Albrecht
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- University College Dublin
- Belfield
- Ireland
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
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9
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Farrell K, Müller-Bunz H, Albrecht M. Synthesis, Isomerization, and Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation Activity of Rhodium(III) Complexes Containing Both Chelating Dicarbenes and Diphosphine Ligands. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Farrell
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Helge Müller-Bunz
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Martin Albrecht
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Departement
für Chemie und Biochemie, University of Bern, Freiestrasse
3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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10
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Krüger A, Michaud G, Dowling A, Müller-Bunz H, Albrecht M. Ligand Exchange Processes in Abnormal N-heterocyclic Carbene Rhodium Complexes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201500611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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11
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Lee JY, Lee JY, Chang YY, Hu CH, Wang NM, Lee HM. Palladium Complexes with Tridentate N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Selective “Normal” and “Abnormal” Bindings and Their Anticancer Activities. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Graduate Institute of
Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jhen-Yi Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Graduate Institute of
Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yu Chang
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Graduate Institute of
Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Han Hu
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Graduate Institute of
Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Nancy M. Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Graduate Institute of
Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hon Man Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Graduate Institute of
Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan, Republic of China
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12
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Late Transition Metal Complexes with Pincer Ligands that Comprise N-Heterocyclic Carbene Donor Sites. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2015_127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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13
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Petronilho A, Mueller-Bunz H, Albrecht M. Iridium, ruthenium, and palladium complexes containing a mesoionic fused imidazolylidene ligand. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Computational Studies on Heteroatom-Assisted C–H Activation and Functionalisation at Group 8 and 9 Metal Centres. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2015_125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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15
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Leigh V, Ghattas W, Mueller-Bunz H, Albrecht M. Synthesis of pincer-type N-heterocyclic carbene palladium complexes with a hemilabile ligand and their application in cross-coupling catalysis. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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16
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Bezuidenhout DI, Kleinhans G, Guisado-Barrios G, Liles DC, Ung G, Bertrand G. Isolation of a potassium bis(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene)carbazolide: a stabilizing pincer ligand for reactive late transition metal complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2431-3. [PMID: 24448261 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49385g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of a potassium adduct of a monoanionic CNC-pincer ligand featuring two mesoionic carbenes is reported. Owing to the peculiar electronic and steric properties of this ligand, the first neutral stable Ni(II)-hydride, and an unusual Cu(II) complex displaying a seesaw geometry, have been isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela I Bezuidenhout
- Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa.
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17
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Albrecht M. Normal and Abnormal N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800976-5.00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Schulze B, Schubert US. Beyond click chemistry – supramolecular interactions of 1,2,3-triazoles. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2522-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60386e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 583] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Ke CH, Kuo BC, Nandi D, Lee HM. Monodentate Palladium Complexes Bearing Abnormal and Normal Carbene Ligands with a Formally Identical Steric Environment. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4004219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hung Ke
- Department
of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan, Republic
of China
| | - Bing-Chiuan Kuo
- Department
of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan, Republic
of China
| | - Debkumar Nandi
- Department
of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan, Republic
of China
| | - Hon Man Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan, Republic
of China
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Donnelly KF, Petronilho A, Albrecht M. Application of 1,2,3-triazolylidenes as versatile NHC-type ligands: synthesis, properties, and application in catalysis and beyond. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:1145-59. [PMID: 23235474 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37881g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Triazolylidenes have rapidly emerged as a powerful subclass of N-heterocyclic carbene ligands for transition metals. They are readily available through regioselective [2 + 3] cycloaddition of alkynes and azides and subsequent metallation according to procedures established for related carbenes. Due to their mesoionic character, triazolylidenes are stronger donors than Arduengo-type imidazol-2-ylidenes. Spurred by these attractive attributes and despite their only recent emergence, triazolylidenes have shown major implications in catalysis. This feature article summarises the synthetic accessibility of triazolylidene metal complexes and their electronic and structural characteristics, and it compiles their applications, in particular, as catalyst precursors for various bond forming and redox reactions, as well as first approaches into photophysical and biochemical domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate F Donnelly
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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21
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Tan KV, Dutton JL, Skelton BW, Wilson DJD, Barnard PJ. Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes with Chelating N-Heterocyclic Carbene Amidate Ligands: Interplay between Normal and Abnormal Coordination Modes. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kel Vin Tan
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular
Science, La Trobe University, Victoria
3086, Australia
| | - Jason L. Dutton
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular
Science, La Trobe University, Victoria
3086, Australia
| | - Brian W. Skelton
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterization and
Analysis, The University of Western Australia,
35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - David J. D. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular
Science, La Trobe University, Victoria
3086, Australia
| | - Peter J. Barnard
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular
Science, La Trobe University, Victoria
3086, Australia
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Khlebnikov V, Heckenroth M, Müller-Bunz H, Albrecht M. Platinum(ii) and platinum(iv) complexes stabilized by abnormal/mesoionic C4-bound dicarbenes. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:4197-207. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32423g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Labande A, Debono N, Sournia-Saquet A, Daran JC, Poli R. Oxidation-promoted activation of a ferrocene C–H bond by a rhodium complex. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:6531-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50240f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Saha S, Ghatak T, Saha B, Doucet H, Bera JK. Steric Control at the Wingtip of a Bis-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand: Coordination Behavior and Catalytic Responses of Its Ruthenium Compounds. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300469n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Tapas Ghatak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Biswajit Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Henri Doucet
- “Catalyse et Organometalliques”,
Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Jitendra K. Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
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Khlebnikov V, Meduri A, Mueller-Bunz H, Milani B, Albrecht M. Synthesis of a sterically modulated pyridine–NHC palladium complex and its reactivity towards ethylene. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj40287d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Petronilho A, Rahman M, Woods JA, Al-Sayyed H, Müller-Bunz H, Don MacElroy JM, Bernhard S, Albrecht M. Photolytic water oxidation catalyzed by a molecular carbene iridium complex. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:13074-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30403a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Krüger A, Albrecht M. Rhodium carbene complexes as versatile catalyst precursors for Si-H bond activation. Chemistry 2011; 18:652-8. [PMID: 22162081 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rhodium(III) complexes comprising monoanionic C,C,C-tridentate dicarbene ligands activate Si-H bonds and catalyse the hydrolysis of hydrosilanes to form silanols and siloxanes with concomitant release of H(2). In dry MeNO(2), selective formation of siloxanes takes place, while changing conditions to wet THF produces silanols exclusively. Silyl ethers are formed when ROH is used as substrate, thus providing a mild route towards the protection of alcohols with H(2) as the only by-product. With alkynes, comparably fast hydrosilylation takes place, while carbonyl groups are unaffected. Further expansion of the Si-H bond activation to dihydrosilanes afforded silicones and polysilyl ethers. Mechanistic investigations using deuterated silane revealed deuterium incorporation into the abnormal carbene ligand and thus suggests a ligand-assisted mechanism involving heterolytic Si-H bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Krüger
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Krüger A, Kluser E, Müller-Bunz H, Neels A, Albrecht M. Chelating C4-Bound Imidazolylidene Complexes through Oxidative Addition of Imidazolium Salts to Palladium(0). Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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