1
|
Mishra S, Kumar S, Bhandari A, Das A, Mondal P, Hundal G, Olmstead MM, Patra AK. Reactivity of Nitric Oxide and Nitrosonium Ion with Copper(II/I) Schiff Base Complexes: Mechanistic Aspects of Imine C═N Bond Cleavage and Oxidation of Pyridine-2-aldehyde to Pyridine-2-carboxylic Acid. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:6421-6437. [PMID: 35451813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c04038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four Schiff base ligands of the general formulas [6-(R)-2-pyridyl-N-(2'-methylthiophenyl)methylenimine] (RL1) and 6-p-chlorophenyl-2-pyridyl-N-(2'-phenylthiophenyl)methylenimine (RL2), where R = H, Me, p-ClPh, and their bis-ligand copper(II) and copper(I) complexes, 1-4 and 1'-4', respectively, were synthesized and characterized. The reactivities of 1-4 with nitric oxide (NO) gas and of 1'-4' with solid NOBF4 (NO+) were examined in dry acetonitrile in the presence and absence of water (H2O). The results revealed that, in the absence of H2O, complexes 1-4 (or 1'-4') reacts with NO (or NOBF4), leading to imine C═N bond cleavage of both (or one) Schiff base(s) that generates 2 (or 1) equiv of 2-(methyl/phenyl)thiobenzenediazonium perchlorates (5/6) and the corresponding picolaldehyde (RPial) via a copper nitrosyl of a {CuNO}10-type intermediate. In the presence of H2O, the in situ formed RPial get oxidized to the corresponding picolinic acid (RPicH) via an in situ formed LCuIOH intermediate (LCuI + HO-NO → LCuIOH + NO+; L = RL1/RL2/RPic- and νO-H of CuIOH = 3650 cm-1) and subsequently produces, with the aid of NO+ oxidant, the picolinate-ligated copper(II) complexes (i) [(HPic)2Cu] (7), [(MePic)4Cu3(NO3)2]n·H2O (8·H2O), or [(ClPhPic)2Cu] (9) when NO reacts with 1-4 or (ii) [(RPic)CuII(RL1/RL2)]+ when NO+ reacts with 1'-4'. The CuII to CuI reduction of [(RPic)CuII(RL1/RL2)]+ is essential for C═N cleavage of the remaining RL1/RL2 Schiff base; excess NO can do it. The X-ray structures (1, 1', 3', 5, 7, and 8) and spectroscopic results revealed the role of CuII/I, NO, NO+, and H2O, shedding light on the mechanism of C═N bond cleavage and the oxidation of pyridine-2-aldehyde to pyridine-2-carboxylic acid. The reaction of 1 with 15NO revealed that the terminal N of the N2+ group of 5 originates from 15NO [ν14N14N- = 2248 cm-1 and ν15N14N- = 2212 cm-1].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Shibaditya Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Anirban Bhandari
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Aniruddha Das
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Pallav Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Geeta Hundal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Marilyn M Olmstead
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Apurba K Patra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nechaev IV, Cherkaev GV, Sheremetev AB. Unique Pseudo-Cross-Conjugated Mesomeric Betaines via an Iodate-Promoted Reaction of 3,3-Difluorocyclopropenes, Pyridines, and Anilines. J Org Chem 2021; 87:652-669. [PMID: 34931829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A simple method for the synthesis of (E)-3-arylimino-3H-indolizin-4-ium-1-olates by an iodate-promoted multicomponent reaction between 3,3-difluorocyclopropenes, pyridines, and anilines was discovered. The reaction products belong to a limited and underexplored class of pseudo-cross-conjugated heterocyclic mesomeric betaines isoconjugated with odd nonalternant hydrocarbon anions, whose properties were studied. Reversible nucleophilic addition at the C5 position was revealed as their main chemical feature, which had an access to novel fully conjugated 1,5-dioxo-3-arylamino-1,5-dihydroindolizine and tetracyclic 4-oxo-4,6-dihydrocyclopenta[4,5]pyrimido[2,1,6-cd]indolizine ring systems in one step. Both the synthesis of betaines and their transformations demonstrate a high level of functional group compatibility, allowing the ready preparation of a number of structurally attractive compounds for materials or medicinal chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Nechaev
- Asinex LTD, 20 Geroev Panfilovtsev Street, 125480 Moscow, Russia.,N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgij V Cherkaev
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70 Profsoyuznaya Street, 117393 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei B Sheremetev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cui Y, Ding Y, Molina SEV, Li Y. A mixed-valence CuII/CuI coordination polymer based on bridged thiocyanate and in situ formed di(N-heterocyclic) sulfide: Synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
4
|
Anwar MU, Al-Harrasi A, Rawson JM. Structures, properties and applications of Cu(II) complexes with tridentate donor ligands. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5099-5108. [PMID: 33881088 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00483b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tridentate ligands offer theree donor atoms to coordinate to metal ions. The remaining vacant coordination sites on the metal ions provided opportunities to implement additional co-ligands to generate complexes with desired properties. Herein we discuss selected examples of Cu(ii) complexes with tridentate ligands utilizing combinations of N, O, S, and Se donors, focusing on effects of ligand flexibility/rigidity on their coordination modes, properties and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Anwar
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Almouz 616, Oman.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Almouz 616, Oman.
| | - Jeremy M Rawson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON N9B3P4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Patil SG, Jadhav JS, Sankpal ST. Mg 3N 2-assisted one-pot synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted imidazo[1,5- a]pyridine. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11808-11815. [PMID: 35496590 PMCID: PMC9050600 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10848c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Mg3N2-assisted one-pot annulation strategy has been developed via cyclo-condensation reaction of 2-pyridyl ketones with alkyl glyoxylates or aldehydes, allowing the formation of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines exclusively with an exellent yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhas G Patil
- Sant Rawool Maharaj Mahavidyalaya Kudal 416520 MS India.,Department of Chemistry, ASP College Devrukh Ratnagiri 415804 MS India +91 2354 260 058
| | | | - Sagar T Sankpal
- Department of Chemistry, ASP College Devrukh Ratnagiri 415804 MS India +91 2354 260 058
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maji RC, Das PP, Bhandari A, Mishra S, Maji M, Ghiassi KB, Olmstead MM, Patra AK. Mixed valence copper-sulfur clusters of highest nuclearity: a Cu 8 wheel and a Cu 16 nanoball. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:3334-3337. [PMID: 27966706 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08301c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fully spin delocalized mixed valence copper-sulfur clusters, 1 and 2, supported by μ4-sulfido and NSthiol donor ligands are synthesized and characterized. Wheel shaped 1 consists of Cu2S2 units. The unprecedented nanoball 2 can be described as S@Cu4(tetrahedron)@O6(octahedron)@Cu12S12(cage) consisting of both Cu2S2 and (μ4-S)Cu4 units. The Cu2S2 and (μ4-S)Cu4 units resemble biological CuA and CuZ sites respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Chandra Maji
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713 209, West Bengal, India.
| | - Partha Pratim Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anirban Bhandari
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713 209, West Bengal, India.
| | - Saikat Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713 209, West Bengal, India.
| | - Milan Maji
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713 209, West Bengal, India.
| | - Kamran B Ghiassi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Apurba K Patra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713 209, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chandra Maji R, Mishra S, Bhandari A, Singh R, Olmstead MM, Patra AK. A Copper(II) Nitrite That Exhibits Change of Nitrite Binding Mode and Formation of Copper(II) Nitrosyl Prior to Nitric Oxide Evolution. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1550-1561. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Chandra Maji
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713 209, India
| | - Saikat Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713 209, India
| | - Anirban Bhandari
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713 209, India
| | - Ravindra Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, India
| | - Marilyn M. Olmstead
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Apurba K. Patra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713 209, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Martin DJ, McCarthy BD, Piro NA, Dempsey JL. Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of a tridentate Schiff-base ligated Fe(II) complex. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
9
|
Maji RC, Das PP, Mishra S, Bhandari A, Maji M, Patra AK. Electron transfer mechanism of catalytic superoxide dismutation via Cu(ii/i) complexes: evidence of cupric-superoxo/-hydroperoxo species. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:11898-910. [PMID: 27383660 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02220k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To understand the electron transfer mechanisms (outer versus inner sphere) of catalytic superoxide dismutation via a Cu(ii/i) redox couple such as occur in the enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, the Cu(ii/i) complexes [(L1)2Cu](ClO4)2·CH3CN, (1·CH3CN) and [(L1)2Cu](ClO4), (2) supported by a bis-N2Sthioether ligand, 2-pyridyl-N-(2'-methylthiophenyl)methyleneimine (L1) have been synthesized and structurally characterised. Both 1 and 2 display the same cyclic voltammogram (CV) featuring a quasireversible response at E1/2 = +0.33 V vs. SCE that falls in the SOD potential window of -0.04 V to +0.99 V. These complexes catalytically dismutate superoxide radicals at 298 K in aqueous medium (the IC50 for 1 is 2.15 μM). Electronic absorption spectra (233 K and 298 K), FTIR, ESI mass spectra, CV (233 K and 298 K) and DFT calculations collectively indicate formation of [(L1)2Cu(O2˙(-))](+), [(L1)2Cu(O2(2-))] and [(L1)2Cu(OOH(-))](+) species and help to elucidate the electron transfer mechanism for the SOD function of 1 and 2. Once O2˙(-) binds to Cu(II) (evident at 233 K), the first step of the catalytic cycle (Cu(II) + O2˙(-)→ Cu(I) + O2) does not follow but the second step (Cu(I) + O2˙(-) + 2H(+)→ H2O2 + Cu(II)) does follow. Therefore, the catalytic disproportionation of superoxide radicals via1 and 2 at 298 K indicates that the first and second steps of the catalytic cycle proceed through outer and inner sphere electron transfer mechanisms, respectively. Feasibility of the first step to occur in pure aprotic solvent (where 18-crown-6-ether is used to solubilise KO2) was tested and also supports the same notion of the electron transfer mechanisms as stated above.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Chandra Maji
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Świtlicka A, Czerwińska K, Machura B, Penkala M, Bieńko A, Bieńko D, Zierkiewicz W. Thiocyanate copper complexes with pyrazole-derived ligands – synthesis, crystal structures, DFT calculations and magnetic properties. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01739h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
11
|
Richards DD, Ang MTC, McDonald R, Bierenstiel M. Structure and spectroscopic properties of N,S-coordinating 2-methyl-sulfanyl-N-[(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl-idene]aniline methanol monosolvate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:1136-9. [PMID: 26594390 PMCID: PMC4647435 DOI: 10.1107/s205698901501590x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde and 2-(methyl-sulfan-yl)aniline in refluxing methanol gave an olive-green residue in which yellow crystals of the title compound, C12H12N2S·CH3OH, were grown from slow evaporation of methanol at 263 K. In the crystal, hydrogen-bonding inter-actions link the aniline mol-ecule and a nearby methanol solvent mol-ecule. These units are linked by a pair of weak C-H⋯Omethanol interactions, forming inversion dimers consisting of two main molecules and two solvent molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Douglas Richards
- Department of Chemistry, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - M. Trisha C. Ang
- Department of Chemistry, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, B1P 6L2, Canada
- University of Alberta, X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Matthias Bierenstiel
- Department of Chemistry, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, B1P 6L2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shibahara F, Kanai T, Yamaguchi E, Kamei A, Yamauchi T, Murai T. Copper-Catalyzed CH Bond Direct Chalcogenation of Aromatic Compounds Leading to Diaryl Sulfides, Selenides, and Diselenides by Using Elemental Sulfur and Selenium as Chalcogen Sources Under Oxidative Conditions. Chem Asian J 2013; 9:237-44. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
13
|
Maji RC, Barman SK, Roy S, Chatterjee SK, Bowles FL, Olmstead MM, Patra AK. Copper Complexes Relevant to the Catalytic Cycle of Copper Nitrite Reductase: Electrochemical Detection of NO(g) Evolution and Flipping of NO2 Binding Mode upon CuII → CuI Reduction. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:11084-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ic401295t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Chandra Maji
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology−Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713 209, India
| | - Suman Kumar Barman
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology−Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, India
| | - Suprakash Roy
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology−Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713 209, India
| | - Sudip K. Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology−Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713 209, India
| | - Faye L. Bowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Marilyn M. Olmstead
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Apurba K. Patra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology−Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713 209, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Prakash O, Sharma KN, Joshi H, Gupta PL, Singh AK. Half sandwich complexes of chalcogenated pyridine based bi-(N, S/Se) and terdentate (N, S/Se, N) ligands with (η6-benzene)ruthenium(ii): synthesis, structure and catalysis of transfer hydrogenation of ketones and oxidation of alcohols. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:8736-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt00126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
Chatterjee SK, Roy S, Barman SK, Maji RC, Olmstead MM, Patra AK. Shuttling of nickel oxidation states in N4S2 coordination geometry versus donor strength of tridentate N2S donor ligands. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:7625-35. [PMID: 22746828 DOI: 10.1021/ic300606g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Seven bis-Ni(II) complexes of a N(2)S donor set ligand have been synthesized and examined for their ability to stabilize Ni(0), Ni(I), Ni(II) and Ni(III) oxidation states. Compounds 1-5 consist of modifications of the pyridine ring of the tridentate Schiff base ligand, 2-pyridyl-N-(2'-methylthiophenyl)methyleneimine ((X)L1), where X = 6-H, 6-Me, 6-p-ClPh, 6-Br, 5-Br; compound 6 is the reduced amine form (L2); compound 7 is the amide analog (L3). The compounds are perchlorate salts except for 7, which is neutral. Complexes 1 and 3-7 have been structurally characterized. Their coordination geometry is distorted octahedral. In the case of 6, the tridentate ligand coordinates in a facial manner, whereas the remaining complexes display meridional coordination. Due to substitution of the pyridine ring of (X)L1, the Ni-N(py) distances for 1~5 < 3 < 4 increase and UV-vis λ(max) values corresponding to the (3)A(2g)(F)→(3)T(2g)(F) transition show an increasing trend 1~5 < 2 < 3 < 4. Cyclic voltammetry of 1-5 reveals two quasi-reversible reduction waves that correspond to Ni(II)→Ni(I) and Ni(I)→Ni(0) reduction. The E(1/2) for the Ni(II)/Ni(I) couple decreases as 1 > 2 > 3 > 4. Replacement of the central imine N donor in 1 by amine 6 or amide 7 N donors reveals that complex 6 in CH(3)CN exhibits an irreversible reductive response at E(pc) = -1.28 V, E(pa) = +0.25 V vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE). In contrast, complex 7 shows a reversible oxidation wave at E(1/2) = +0.84 V (ΔE(p) = 60 mV) that corresponds to Ni(II)→Ni(III). The electrochemically generated Ni(III) species, [(L3)(2)Ni(III)](+) is stable, showing a new UV-vis band at 470 nm. EPR measurements have also been carried out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudip K Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713 209, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|