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Chemically coupling SnO 2 quantum dots and MXene for efficient CO 2 electroreduction to formate and Zn-CO 2 battery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2207326119. [PMID: 36215478 PMCID: PMC9586274 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2207326119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical conversion of CO2 into formate is a promising strategy for mitigating the energy and environmental crisis, but simultaneously achieving high selectivity and activity of electrocatalysts remains challenging. Here, we report low-dimensional SnO2 quantum dots chemically coupled with ultrathin Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets (SnO2/MXene) that boost the CO2 conversion. The coupling structure is well visualized and verified by high-resolution electron tomography together with nanoscale scanning transmission X-ray microscopy and ptychography imaging. The catalyst achieves a large partial current density of -57.8 mA cm-2 and high Faradaic efficiency of 94% for formate formation. Additionally, the SnO2/MXene cathode shows excellent Zn-CO2 battery performance, with a maximum power density of 4.28 mW cm-2, an open-circuit voltage of 0.83 V, and superior rechargeability of 60 h. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis and first-principles calculations reveal that this remarkable performance is attributed to the unique and stable structure of the SnO2/MXene, which can significantly reduce the reaction energy of CO2 hydrogenation to formate by increasing the surface coverage of adsorbed hydrogen.
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Yang J, Wang J. Radiation chemistry of molecular compounds and polymers by soft X-ray spectroscopy and microscopy. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Soft X-ray-induced radiation chemistry in selected Fe molecular compounds and some aliphatic polymers was studied using soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy was used to elucidate the radiation chemistry. The results show that damage to the Fe molecular complexes involves Fe-ligand bond breaking, ligand damage, and subsequent photoreduction of Fe(III) if it is not tightly bonded to oxygen. Upon radiation damage, polymer PAN primarily undergoes chemical structure changes without mass loss, PECA experiences chemical structure changes as well as small mass loss, while PPC and PEC suffer large mass loss with chemical structure changes. These studies are not only important to X-ray analysis of radiation sensitive materials but also are valuable to the applications of X-ray lithography and other types of nanofabrication involving photoresist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Yang
- Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China, 100081
| | - Jian Wang
- Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
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Zhang H, Liu J, Zhao G, Gao Y, Tyliszczak T, Glans PA, Guo J, Ma D, Sun XH, Zhong J. Probing the Interfacial Interaction in Layered-Carbon-Stabilized Iron Oxide Nanostructures: A Soft X-ray Spectroscopic Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:7863-7868. [PMID: 25839786 DOI: 10.1021/am5073996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have stabilized the iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) of various sizes on layered carbon materials (Fe-oxide/C) that show excellent catalytic performance. From the characterization of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy (XMCD), a strong interfacial interaction in the Fe-oxide/C hybrids has been observed between the small iron oxide NPs and layered carbon in contrast to the weak interaction in the large iron oxide NPs. The interfacial interaction between the NPs and layered carbon is found to link with the improved catalytic performance. In addition, the Fe L-edge XMCD spectra show that the large iron oxide NPs are mainly γ-Fe2O3 with a strong ferromagnetic property, whereas the small iron oxide NPs with strong interfacial interaction are mainly α-Fe2O3 or amorphous Fe2O3 with a nonmagnetic property. The results strongly suggest that the interfacial interaction plays a key role for the catalytic performance, and the experimental findings may provide guidance toward rational design of high-performance catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- ‡Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | | | - Yongjun Gao
- §Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tolek Tyliszczak
- ‡Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Per-Anders Glans
- ‡Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jinghua Guo
- ‡Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ding Ma
- §Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Wang J, Wang Z, Cho H, Kim MJ, Sham TK, Sun X. Layer speciation and electronic structure investigation of freestanding hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:1718-1724. [PMID: 25510407 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04445b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemical imaging, thickness mapping, layer speciation and polarization dependence have been performed on single and multilayered (up to three layers and trilayered nanosheets overlapping to form 6 and 9 layers) hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanosheets by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy. Spatially-resolved XANES directly from freestanding regions of different layers has been extracted and compared with sample normal and 30° tilted configurations. Notably a double feature σ* excitonic state and a stable high energy σ* state were observed at the boron site in addition to the intense π* excitonic state. The boron projected σ* DOS, especially the first σ* exciton, is sensitive to surface modification, particularly in the single layered hBN nanosheet which shows more significant detectable contaminants and defects such as tri-coordinated boron/nitrogen oxide. The nitrogen site has shown very weak or no excitonic character. The distinct excitonic effect on boron and nitrogen was interpreted to the partly ionic state of hBN. Bulk XANES of hBN nanosheets was also measured to confirm the spectro-microscopic STXM result. Finally, the unoccupied electronic structures of hBN and graphene were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
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Zhong J, Zhang H, Sun X, Lee ST. Synchrotron soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of carbon and silicon nanostructures for energy applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:7786-806. [PMID: 25204894 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon and silicon materials are two of the most important materials involved in the history of the science and technology development. In the last two decades, C and Si nanoscale materials, e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene, and silicon nanowires, and quantum dots, have also emerged as the most interesting nanomaterials in nanoscience and nanotechnology for their myriad promising applications such as for electronics, sensors, biotechnology, etc. In particular, carbon and silicon nanostructures are being utilized in energy-related applications such as catalysis, batteries, solar cells, etc., with significant advances. Understanding of the nature of surface and electronic structures of nanostructures plays a key role in the development and improvement of energy conversion and storage nanosystems. Synchrotron soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and related techniques, such as X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), show unique capability in revealing the surface and electronic structures of C and Si nanomaterials. In this review, XAS is demonstrated as a powerful technique for probing chemical bonding, the electronic structure, and the surface chemistry of carbon and silicon nanomaterials, which can greatly enhance the fundamental understanding and also applicability of these nanomaterials in energy applications. The focus is on the unique advantages of XAS as a complementary tool to conventional microscopy and spectroscopy for effectively providing chemical and structural information about carbon and silicon nanostructures. The employment of XAS for in situ, real-time study of property evolution of C and Si nanostructures to elucidate the mechanisms in energy conversion or storage processes is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhong
- Soochow University-Western University Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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Lee B, Han SC, Oh M, Lah MS, Sohn KS, Pyo M. Tin dioxide nanoparticles impregnated in graphite oxide for improved lithium storage and cyclability in secondary ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Liang Y, Li Y, Wang H, Dai H. Strongly Coupled Inorganic/Nanocarbon Hybrid Materials for Advanced Electrocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:2013-36. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3089923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 785] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongye Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Chemistry, South
University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanguang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hailiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Liang Y, Wang H, Diao P, Chang W, Hong G, Li Y, Gong M, Xie L, Zhou J, Wang J, Regier TZ, Wei F, Dai H. Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst Based on Strongly Coupled Cobalt Oxide Nanocrystals and Carbon Nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:15849-57. [DOI: 10.1021/ja305623m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 699] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongye Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United
States
| | - Hailiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United
States
| | - Peng Diao
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United
States
| | - Wesley Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United
States
| | - Guosong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United
States
| | - Yanguang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United
States
| | - Ming Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United
States
| | - Liming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United
States
| | - Jigang Zhou
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada
| | - Jian Wang
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada
| | - Tom Z. Regier
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada
| | - Fei Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United
States
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Cai J, Li Z, Yao S, Meng H, Shen PK, Wei Z. Close-packed SnO2 nanocrystals anchored on amorphous silica as a stable anode material for lithium-ion battery. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Liang Y, Wang H, Zhou J, Li Y, Wang J, Regier T, Dai H. Covalent hybrid of spinel manganese-cobalt oxide and graphene as advanced oxygen reduction electrocatalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:3517-23. [PMID: 22280461 DOI: 10.1021/ja210924t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 637] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Through direct nanoparticle nucleation and growth on nitrogen doped, reduced graphene oxide sheets and cation substitution of spinel Co(3)O(4) nanoparticles, a manganese-cobalt spinel MnCo(2)O(4)/graphene hybrid was developed as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline conditions. Electrochemical and X-ray near-edge structure (XANES) investigations revealed that the nucleation and growth method for forming inorganic-nanocarbon hybrids results in covalent coupling between spinel oxide nanoparticles and N-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rmGO) sheets. Carbon K-edge and nitrogen K-edge XANES showed strongly perturbed C-O and C-N bonding in the N-rmGO sheet, suggesting the formation of C-O-metal and C-N-metal bonds between N-doped graphene oxide and spinel oxide nanoparticles. Co L-edge and Mn L-edge XANES suggested substitution of Co(3+) sites by Mn(3+), which increased the activity of the catalytic sites in the hybrid materials, further boosting the ORR activity compared with the pure cobalt oxide hybrid. The covalently bonded hybrid afforded much greater activity and durability than the physical mixture of nanoparticles and carbon materials including N-rmGO. At the same mass loading, the MnCo(2)O(4)/N-graphene hybrid can outperform Pt/C in ORR current density at medium overpotentials with stability superior to Pt/C in alkaline solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongye Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Sun Y, Wang Y. Monitoring of galvanic replacement reaction between silver nanowires and HAuCl4 by in situ transmission X-ray microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:4386-4392. [PMID: 21894944 DOI: 10.1021/nl202538q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Galvanic replacement reaction between silver nanowires and an aqueous solution of HAuCl(4) has been successfully monitored in real time by using in situ transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) in combination with a flow cell reactor. The in situ observations clearly show the morphological evolution of the solid silver nanowires to hollow gold nanotubes in the course of the reaction. Careful analysis of the images reveals that the galvanic replacement reaction on the silver nanowires involves multiple steps: (i) local initiation of pitting process; (ii) anisotropic etching of the silver nanowires and uniform deposition of the resulting gold atoms on the surfaces of the nanowires; and (iii) reconstruction of the nanotube walls via an Ostwald ripening process. The in situ TXM represents a promising approach for studying dynamic processes involved in the growth and chemical transformation of nanomaterials in solutions, in particular for nanostructures with dimensions larger than 50 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Sun
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.
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Zhou JG, Wang J, Sun CL, Maley JM, Sammynaiken R, Sham TK, Pong WF. Nano-scale chemical imaging of a single sheet of reduced graphene oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11071c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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