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Zhang F, Gao Y, Lu P, Zhong Y, Liu Y, Bao X, Xu Z, Lu M, Wu Y, Chen P, Hu J, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Song H, Bai X. Engineering of Hole Transporting Interface by Incorporating the Atomic-Precision Ag 6 Nanoclusters for High-Efficiency Blue Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1582-1590. [PMID: 36763855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Properties of the underlying hole transport layer (HTL) play a crucial role in determining the optoelectronic performance of perovskite light-emitting devices (PeLEDs). However, endowing the current HTL system with a deep highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level concurrent with high hole mobility is still a big challenge, in particular being an open constraint toward high-efficiency blue PeLEDs. In this regard, employing the poly(9-vinylcarbazole) as a model, we perform efficient incorporation of the atomic-precision metal nanoclusters (NCs), [Ag6PL6, PL = (S)-4-phenylthiazolidine-2-thione], to achieve significant tailoring in both HOMO energy level and hole mobility. As a result, the as-modified PeLEDs exhibit an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 14.29% at 488 nm. The presented study exemplifies the success of metal NC involved HTL engineering and offers a simple yet effective additive strategy to settle the blue PeLED HTL dilemma, which paves the way for the fabrication of highly efficient blue PeLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yanbo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Po Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xinyu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zehua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yanjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Junhua Hu
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon & Environmental Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450051, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhennan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hongwei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
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Liang S, Schwartzkopf M, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P. State of the art of ultra-thin gold layers: formation fundamentals and applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2533-2560. [PMID: 36132287 PMCID: PMC9418724 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00127f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of ultra-thin gold (Au) layers (UTGLs) has been regarded as the key technique to achieve applications with tunable optical response, flexible sensors and electronic devices. Various strategies have been developed to optimize the wetting process of Au, resulting in the formation of UTGLs at a minimum thickness. The related studies on UTGLs attracted huge attention in recent years. On the one hand, the growth processes of UTGLs on different substrates were in-depth probed by advanced in situ characterization techniques and the effects of optimization strategies on the growth of UTGLs were also revealed. On the other hand, based on the understanding of the growth behavior and the assistance of optimization strategies, various applications of UTGLs were realized based on optical/plasmon responses, surface-enhanced Raman scattering and as electrodes for various sensors and electronic devices, as well as being seed layers for thin film growth. In this focused review, both the fundamental and practical studies on UTGLs in the most recent years are elaborated in detail. The growth processes of UTGLs revealed by in situ characterization techniques, such as grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), as well as the state of the art of UTGL-based applications, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhe Liang
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department James-Franck-Str 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | | | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestr. 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology Teknikringen 56-58 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department James-Franck-Str 1 85748 Garching Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr 85748 Garching Germany
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3
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Grobelny A, Grobelny A, Zapotoczny S. Precise Stepwise Synthesis of Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymer Brushes Grafted from Surfaces. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116162. [PMID: 35682845 PMCID: PMC9181774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymers are promising materials in optoelectronic applications, especially those forming ordered thin films. The processability of such conjugated macromolecules is typically enhanced by introducing bulky side chains, but it may affect their ordering and/or photophysical properties of the films. We show here the synthesis of surface-grafted D-A polymer brushes using alternating attachment of tailored monomers serving as electron donors (D) and acceptors (A) via coupling reactions. In such a stepwise procedure, alternating copolymer brushes consisting of thiophene and benzothiadiazole-based moieties with precisely tailored thickness and no bulky substituents were formed. The utilization of Sonogashira coupling was shown to produce densely packed molecular wires of tailored thickness, while Stille coupling and Huisgen cycloaddition were less efficient, likely because of the higher flexibility of D-A bridging groups. The D-A brushes exhibit reduced bandgaps, semiconducting properties and can form aggregates, which can be adjusted by changing the grafting density of the chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grobelny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Artur Grobelny
- Selvita Services Sp. Z o.o., Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-686-25-30
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Smenda J, Wolski K, Chajec K, Zapotoczny S. Preparation of Homopolymer, Block Copolymer, and Patterned Brushes Bearing Thiophene and Acetylene Groups Using Microliter Volumes of Reaction Mixtures. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4458. [PMID: 34961009 PMCID: PMC8704565 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of surface-grafted polymers with variable functionality requires the careful selection of polymerization methods that also enable spatially controlled grafting, which is crucial for the fabrication of, e.g., nano (micro) sensor or nanoelectronic devices. The development of versatile, simple, economical, and eco-friendly synthetic strategies is important for scaling up the production of such polymer brushes. We have recently shown that poly (3-methylthienyl methacrylate) (PMTM) and poly (3-trimethylsilyl-2-propynyl methacrylate) (PTPM) brushes with pendant thiophene and acetylene groups, respectively, could be used for the production of ladder-like conjugated brushes that are potentially useful in the mentioned applications. However, the previously developed syntheses of such brushes required the use of high volumes of reagents, elevated temperature, or high energy UV-B light. Therefore, we present here visible light-promoted metal-free surface-initiated ATRP (metal-free SI-ATRP) that allows the economical synthesis of PMTM and PTPM brushes utilizing only microliter volumes of reaction mixtures. The versatility of this approach was shown by the formation of homopolymers but also the block copolymer conjugated brushes (PMTM and PTPM blocks in both sequences) and patterned films using TEM grids serving as photomasks. A simple reaction setup with only a monomer, solvent, commercially available organic photocatalyst, and initiator decorated substrate makes the synthesis of these complex polymer structures achievable for non-experts and ready for scaling up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karol Wolski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (J.S.); (K.C.); (S.Z.)
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Szuwarzyński M, Wolski K, Kruk T, Zapotoczny S. Macromolecular strategies for transporting electrons and excitation energy in ordered polymer layers. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Oh S, Nikolaev A, Tagami K, Tran T, Lee D, Mukherjee S, Segalman RA, Han S, Read de Alaniz J, Chabinyc ML. Redox-Active Polymeric Ionic Liquids with Pendant N-Substituted Phenothiazine. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5319-5326. [PMID: 33480673 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polymers that are elastic while supporting charge transport are desirable for flexible and soft electronics. Many polymers with bulky and conjugated redox-active pendant units have high glass transition temperatures (Tg) in their neutral form that will not lead to elasticity at room temperature. Their behavior in charged form in the solid state without an electrolyte has not been extensively studied. Here, the design strategy of polymeric ionic liquid where two weakly interacting ionic groups are used to maintain a low Tg is shown to lead to flexible redox active polymers. The use of a flexible ethylene backbone and redox-active phenothiazine (PTZ)-based pendant group resulted in polymers with relatively low Tg that are electrically conductive. PTZ that was N-substituted with 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl was found to promote solubility of the polymer and lower the Tg of the neutral polymer by ∼150 °C relative to that of the Tg of a variant without the N-substituent. Doping with trifluoromethanesulfonimide leads to an electrically conductive polymer without significantly increasing the Tg. Physical characterization by UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, electron spin resonance spectroscopy, and impedance spectroscopy verified that the molecular design leads to an efficient charge hopping between the PTZ groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saejin Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Andrei Nikolaev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Kan Tagami
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Thi Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Dongwook Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Sanjoy Mukherjee
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rachel A Segalman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Michael L Chabinyc
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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7
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Słowikowska M, Wolski K, Wójcik AJ, Wesner D, Schönherr H, Zapotoczny S. Unraveling the nanomechanical properties of surface-grafted conjugated polymer brushes with ladder-like architecture. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01422b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Surface-grafted polymer brushes with ladder-like architecture enforce extended conformation of the chains affecting their mechanical and tribological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karol Wolski
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Artur J. Wójcik
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Daniel Wesner
- Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ)
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- School of Science and Technology
- University of Siegen
- 57076 Siegen
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ)
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- School of Science and Technology
- University of Siegen
- 57076 Siegen
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8
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Giussi JM, Cortez ML, Marmisollé WA, Azzaroni O. Practical use of polymer brushes in sustainable energy applications: interfacial nanoarchitectonics for high-efficiency devices. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:814-849. [PMID: 30543263 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00705e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and development of novel approaches, materials and manufacturing processes in the field of energy are compelling increasing recognition as a major challenge for contemporary societies. The performance and lifetime of energy devices are critically dependent on nanoscale interfacial phenomena. From the viewpoint of materials design, the improvement of current technologies inevitably relies on gaining control over the complex interface between dissimilar materials. In this sense, interfacial nanoarchitectonics with polymer brushes has seen growing interest due to its potential to overcome many of the limitations of energy storage and conversion devices. Polymer brushes offer a broad variety of resources to manipulate interfacial properties and gain molecular control over the synergistic combination of materials. Many recent examples show that the rational integration of polymer brushes in hybrid nanoarchitectures greatly improves the performance of energy devices in terms of power density, lifetime and stability. Seen in this light, polymer brushes provide a new perspective from which to consider the development of hybrid materials and devices with improved functionalities. The aim of this review is therefore to focus on what polymer brush-based solutions can offer and to show how the practical use of surface-grafted polymer layers can improve the performance and efficiency of fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, organic radical batteries, supercapacitors, photoelectrochemical cells and photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Giussi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Diagonal 113 y 64 (1900), La Plata, Argentina.
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9
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Zoppe JO, Ataman NC, Mocny P, Wang J, Moraes J, Klok HA. Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1105-1318. [PMID: 28135076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 584] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ever increasing set of computational and simulation tools that allow understanding and predictions of these surface-grafted polymer architectures. The aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive review that critically assesses recent advances in the field and highlights the opportunities and challenges for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin O Zoppe
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nariye Cavusoglu Ataman
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Mocny
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian Wang
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Moraes
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Schroot R, Jäger M, Schubert US. Synthetic approaches towards structurally-defined electrochemically and (photo)redox-active polymer architectures. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2754-2798. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00811a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review details synthetic strategies leading to structurally-defined electrochemically and (photo)redox-active polymer architectures,e.g.block, graft and end functionalized (co)polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schroot
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Michael Jäger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)
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11
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Melville OA, King B, Imperiale C, Lessard BH. Orthogonally Processable Carbazole-Based Polymer Thin Films by Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:13640-13648. [PMID: 27958753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cross-linking of hole-transporting polymer thin films in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) has been shown to increase device efficacy when subsequent layers are deposited from solution. This improvement, due to resistance of the films to dissolution, could also be achieved by covalently grafting the polymer film to the substrate. Using nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), we synthesized a novel poly(9-(4-vinylbenzyl)-9H-carbazole) (poly(VBK)) copolymer which can be cross-linked and also developed two simple methods for the grafting-to or grafting-from, also known as surface-initiated polymerization, of poly(VBK) to indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. All three of these methods produced thin films that could be orthogonally processed; that is, they resisted dissolution when the spin-coating of a subsequent layer was simulated. Similar electrochemical behavior for the poly(VBK) films was observed regardless of the technique used, suggesting that all three techniques could be used in the engineering of organic electronic devices. We expect that all three methods would be worth investigating in the solution-based assembly of OLEDs and other organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen A Melville
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa , 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Benjamin King
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa , 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Christian Imperiale
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa , 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Benoît H Lessard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa , 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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12
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Electroluminescent Behaviors of Electrochemically Cross‐Linkable Poly(benzyl ether) Terthiophene Dendrimers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Neratova IV, Kreer T, Sommer JU. Translocation of Molecules with Different Architectures through a Brush-Covered Microchannel. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Neratova
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institut
für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 17, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Torsten Kreer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens-Uwe Sommer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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Hiltebrandt K, Pauloehrl T, Blinco JP, Linkert K, Börner HG, Barner-Kowollik C. λ-Orthogonal pericyclic macromolecular photoligation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:2838-43. [PMID: 25620295 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A photochemical strategy enabling λ-orthogonal reactions is introduced to construct macromolecular architectures and to encode variable functional groups with site-selective precision into a single molecule by the choice of wavelength. λ-Orthogonal pericyclic reactions proceed independently of one another by the selection of functional groups that absorb light of specific wavelengths. The power of the new concept is shown by a one-pot reaction of equimolar quantities of maleimide with two polymers carrying different maleimide-reactive endgroups, that is, a photoactive diene (photoenol) and a nitrile imine (tetrazole). Under selective irradiation at λ=310-350 nm, any maleimide (or activated ene) end-capped compound reacts exclusively with the photoenol functional polymer. After complete conversion of the photoenol, subsequent irradiation at λ=270-310 nm activates the reaction of the tetrazole group with functional enes. The versatility of the approach is shown by λ-orthogonal click reactions of complex maleimides, functional enes, and polymers to the central polymer scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hiltebrandt
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128 Karlsruhe (Germany); Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen (IBG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen (Germany)
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15
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Hiltebrandt K, Pauloehrl T, Blinco JP, Linkert K, Börner HG, Barner-Kowollik C. λ-Orthogonale Photochemie: Lichtinduzierte pericyclische Reaktionen an Makromolekülen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Electrochemically generated networks from poly(4,4′-triphenylamine-co-9,9-dioctyl-2,7-fluorene) with grafts containing carbazole groups. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Azzaroni O. Polymer brushes here, there, and everywhere: Recent advances in their practical applications and emerging opportunities in multiple research fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Novel Complex Polymers with Carbazole Functionality by Controlled Radical Polymerization. INT J POLYM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/170912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes recent advances in the design and synthesis of novel complex polymers with carbazole moieties using controlled radical polymerization techniques. We focus on the polymeric architectures of block copolymers, star polymers, including star block copolymers and miktoarm star copolymers, comb-shaped copolymers, and hybrids. Controlled radical polymerization ofN-vinylcarbazole (NVC) and styrene and (meth)acrylate derivatives having carbazole moieties is well advanced, leading to the well-controlled synthesis of complex macromolecules. Characteristic optoelectronic properties, assembled structures, and three-dimensional architectures are briefly introduced.
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