1
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Mallela N, Kawamoto T, Mori T. Charge Polarity Control in Organic Transistors of Mixed and Segregated Complexes Based on Diaminonaphthalene and Pyrene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:45201-45211. [PMID: 37713417 PMCID: PMC10540136 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic cocrystals of diaminonaphthalene (DAN) and diaminopyrene (DAP) with bromanil (BA) and tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) are an exemplar system for understanding the charge-transport process, where from the viewpoint of partition theory, orbital symmetry plays a crucial role in controlling the carrier charge polarity of transistors. In the mixed-stack complexes of BA and other p-quinone acceptors, a comparatively weak donor, 1,5-DAN, shows p-channel characteristics owing to the counteractive contribution of the next highest occupied molecular orbital for electron transport. This characteristic behavior occurs because the BA molecule, situated on top of the amino group, overlaps with half of the DAN molecule. By contrast, the BA and TCNQ complexes of a stronger donor, 1,6-DAP, exhibit n-channel transport due to the cooperative path and orthogonal orbitals. Similarly, TCNQ complexes of variously substituted DAN show n-channel transport, where the TCNQ molecules are located on top of the DAN molecules. However, when the carbon electrodes of (1,5-DAN)(BA) are replaced by silver, electron transport appears due to the competitive effect of the Schottky barriers. In a highly conducting segregated complex of (1,6-DAP)(TCNQ), ambipolar transistor characteristics are observed without subtracting the bulk current by using carefully prepared thin-film transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil
Rao Mallela
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kawamoto
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Takehiko Mori
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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2
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Abstract
Ambipolar transistor properties have been observed in various small-molecule materials. Since a small energy gap is necessary, many types of molecular designs including extended π-skeletons as well as the incorporation of donor and acceptor units have been attempted. In addition to the energy levels, an inert passivation layer is important to observe ambipolar transistor properties. Ambipolar transport has been observed in extraordinary π-electron systems such as antiaromatic compounds, biradicals, radicals, metal complexes, and hydrogen-bonded materials. Several donor/acceptor cocrystals show ambipolar transport as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Higashino
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Mori
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, 152-8552, Japan.
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3
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Ikeda K, Yoo D, Nishikawa R, Kawamoto T, Mori T. Charge injected proton transfer in indigo derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:21972-21980. [PMID: 34569569 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03364f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In analogy with excited-state proton transfer, proton transfer is significantly facilitated in cationic and anionic molecules of indigo derivatives generated in field-effect transistors. We have prepared extended and truncated indigo derivatives and investigated their ambipolar transistor properties. Since the proton transfer reduces the energy gap from 2.2 to 0.4 eV, the proton transferred states are stabilized in the charge injected cationic and anionic states; the energy increase is as small as 0.5 eV, which is half of that in the neutral state. The intermolecular proton transfer enlarges the equilibrium N-H distance typically by 0.03 Å, and improves the donor and acceptor abilities by 0.2-0.4 eV, though the reorganization energy is practically unchanged. In addition, the transfer integrals along the hydrogen bonds are as large as one third of the columnar transfers, to facilitate the two-dimensional carrier conduction. The influence of proton transfer is most significant in indigo and truncated indigo derivatives, though isoindigo and quinacridone exhibit similar properties. Accordingly, indigo derivatives show much better donor and acceptor abilities than those expected from isolated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuho Ikeda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Dongho Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Ryu Nishikawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Kawamoto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Mori
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, 152-8552, Japan.
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4
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Jacob K, Caro D, Faulmann C, Valade L. Nanoparticles of Molecular Conductors and Superconductors: Progress Over the Last Ten Years. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kane Jacob
- CNRS Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Dominique Caro
- CNRS Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | | | - Lydie Valade
- CNRS Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
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5
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Blowey PJ, Sohail B, Rochford LA, Lafosse T, Duncan DA, Ryan PTP, Warr DA, Lee TL, Costantini G, Maurer RJ, Woodruff DP. Alkali Doping Leads to Charge-Transfer Salt Formation in a Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Framework. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7475-7483. [PMID: 32392035 PMCID: PMC7315632 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Efficient charge transfer across metal-organic interfaces is a key physical process in modern organic electronics devices, and characterization of the energy level alignment at the interface is crucial to enable a rational device design. We show that the insertion of alkali atoms can significantly change the structure and electronic properties of a metal-organic interface. Coadsorption of tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and potassium on a Ag(111) surface leads to the formation of a two-dimensional charge transfer salt, with properties quite different from those of the two-dimensional Ag adatom TCNQ metal-organic framework formed in the absence of K doping. We establish a highly accurate structural model by combination of quantitative X-ray standing wave measurements, scanning tunnelling microscopy, and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. Full agreement between the experimental data and the computational prediction of the structure is only achieved by inclusion of a charge-transfer-scaled dispersion correction in the DFT, which correctly accounts for the effects of strong charge transfer on the atomic polarizability of potassium. The commensurate surface layer formed by TCNQ and K is dominated by strong charge transfer and ionic bonding and is accompanied by a structural and electronic decoupling from the underlying metal substrate. The consequence is a significant change in energy level alignment and work function compared to TCNQ on Ag(111). Possible implications of charge-transfer salt formation at metal-organic interfaces for organic thin-film devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil J. Blowey
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Billal Sohail
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Luke A. Rochford
- Chemistry
Department, University of Birmingham, University Road, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Timothy Lafosse
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - David A. Duncan
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation
Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Paul T. P. Ryan
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation
Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | | | - Tien-Lin Lee
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation
Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | | | - Reinhard J. Maurer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- E-mail:
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6
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Mori T. Principles that Govern Electronic Transport in Organic Conductors and Transistors. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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7
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Valade L, de Caro D, Faulmann C, Jacob K. TTF[Ni(dmit)2]2: From single-crystals to thin layers, nanowires, and nanoparticles. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Sato R, Kiyota Y, Kadoya T, Kawamoto T, Mori T. Thermoelectric power of oriented thin-film organic conductors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04455g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The temperature dependence of thermoelectric power is investigated down to low temperatures for oriented thin films of organic conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryonosuke Sato
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Meguro-ku
- Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kiyota
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Meguro-ku
- Japan
| | - Tomofumi Kadoya
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Meguro-ku
- Japan
| | - Tadashi Kawamoto
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Meguro-ku
- Japan
| | - Takehiko Mori
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Meguro-ku
- Japan
- ACT-C
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9
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Zhang X, Sui H, Wang X, Su H, Cheng W, Wang X, Zhao B. Charge transfer process at the Ag/MPH/TiO2interface by SERS: alignment of the Fermi level. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:30053-30060. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04370d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A nanoscale metal–molecule–semiconductor assembly (Ag/4-mercaptophenol/TiO2) has been fabricated over Au nanoparticle (NP) films as a model to study the interfacial charge transfer (CT) effects involved in Ag/MPH/TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Huimin Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Hongyang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Weina Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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10
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de Caro D, Faulmann C, Valade L, Jacob K, Cormary B. Adjusting the cation and anion nature in ionic liquids used for the growth control of nanoparticles of organic conductors. FRENCH-UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.17721/fujcv4i1p65-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids are used for controlling the growth of organic conductors as nanoparticles. We review the conditions of preparation of nanoparticles of conductors derived from tetrathiafulvalene (TTF), tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene (TMTSF) and bis-ethylenedithiotetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF). They are prepared by electrocrystallization using an ionic liquid supporting electrolyte in which the cation plays the role of growth controller and the anion enters the composition of the expected organic conductor. Stable suspensions of nanoparticles are obtained in one case, a valuable characteristic for potential applications in electronic devices.
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11
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Pfattner R, Rovira C, Mas-Torrent M. Organic metal engineering for enhanced field-effect transistor performance. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:26545-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03492a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of charge transfer salts in OFETs offers unique possibilities for enhancing the device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Pfattner
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- 08193 Bellaterra
- Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering
- Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Concepció Rovira
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- 08193 Bellaterra
- Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering
- Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- 08193 Bellaterra
- Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering
- Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN)
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12
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de Caro D, Faulmann C, Valade L, Jacob K, Chtioui I, Foulal S, de Caro P, Bergez‐Lacoste M, Fraxedas J, Ballesteros B, Brooks JS, Steven E, Winter LE. Four Molecular Superconductors Isolated as Nanoparticles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique de Caro
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France, http://www.lcc‐toulouse.fr
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Christophe Faulmann
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France, http://www.lcc‐toulouse.fr
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Lydie Valade
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France, http://www.lcc‐toulouse.fr
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Kane Jacob
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France, http://www.lcc‐toulouse.fr
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Imane Chtioui
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France, http://www.lcc‐toulouse.fr
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Soukaina Foulal
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France, http://www.lcc‐toulouse.fr
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Pascale de Caro
- Université de Toulouse, INPT‐ENSIACET, LCA (Laboratoire de Chimie Agro‐industrielle), 31030 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR 1010 CAI, 31030 Toulouse, France
| | - Manon Bergez‐Lacoste
- Université de Toulouse, INPT‐ENSIACET, LCA (Laboratoire de Chimie Agro‐industrielle), 31030 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR 1010 CAI, 31030 Toulouse, France
| | - Jordi Fraxedas
- Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2) and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Belén Ballesteros
- Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2) and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - James S. Brooks
- NHMLF/Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Eden Steven
- NHMLF/Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Laurel E. Winter
- NHMLF/Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
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13
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de Caro D, Souque M, Faulmann C, Coppel Y, Valade L, Fraxedas J, Vendier O, Courtade F. Colloidal solutions of organic conductive nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:8983-8988. [PMID: 23772890 DOI: 10.1021/la401371c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although molecular metals have been known for decades, their insolubility, low vapor pressure, and synthesis routes have prevented them from being integrated into electronic devices. We have prepared stable colloidal solutions of the organic metal TTF-TCNQ that overcome such difficulties. The solutions contain well-dispersed nanoparticles stabilized by long alkyl chain amines. They afford soluble powders by evaporation and homogeneous thin films by drop-casting. Powders and films show room temperature conductivities in the 0.01-0.1 S cm(-1) range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique de Caro
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Toulouse, France.
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14
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de Caro D, Valade L, Faulmann C, Jacob K, Van Dorsselaer D, Chtioui I, Salmon L, Sabbar A, El Hajjaji S, Pérez E, Franceschi S, Fraxedas J. Nanoparticles of molecule-based conductors. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00555k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Kadoya T, Ashizawa M, Higashino T, Kawamoto T, Kumeta S, Matsumoto H, Mori T. A highly conducting organic metal derived from an organic-transistor material: benzothienobenzothiophene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:17818-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52881b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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