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Conformationally active integrin endocytosis and traffic: why, where, when and how? Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:83-93. [PMID: 32065228 PMCID: PMC7054750 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal control of integrin-mediated cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for physiological and pathological events in multicellular organisms, such as embryonic development, angiogenesis, platelet aggregation, leukocytes extravasation, and cancer cell metastatic dissemination. Regulation of integrin adhesive function and signaling relies on the modulation of both conformation and traffic. Indeed, integrins exist in a dynamic equilibrium between a bent/closed (inactive) and an extended/open (active) conformation, respectively endowed with low and high affinity for ECM ligands. Increasing evidence proves that, differently to what hypothesized in the past, detachment from the ECM and conformational inactivation are not mandatory for integrin to get endocytosed and trafficked. Specific transmembrane and cytosolic proteins involved in the control of ECM proteolytic fragment-bound active integrin internalization and recycling exist. In the complex masterplan that governs cell behavior, active integrin traffic is key to the turnover of ECM polymers and adhesion sites, the polarized secretion of endogenous ECM proteins and modifying enzymes, the propagation of motility and survival endosomal signals, and the control of cell metabolism.
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Eskova A, Knapp B, Matelska D, Reusing S, Arjonen A, Lisauskas T, Pepperkok R, Russell R, Eils R, Ivaska J, Kaderali L, Erfle H, Starkuviene V. An RNAi screen identifies KIF15 as a novel regulator of the endocytic trafficking of integrin. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:2433-47. [PMID: 24659801 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.137281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
α2β1 integrin is one of the most important collagen-binding receptors, and it has been implicated in numerous thrombotic and immune diseases. α2β1 integrin is a potent tumour suppressor, and its downregulation is associated with increased metastasis and poor prognosis in breast cancer. Currently, very little is known about the mechanism that regulates the cell-surface expression and trafficking of α2β1 integrin. Here, using a quantitative fluorescence-microscopy-based RNAi assay, we investigated the impact of 386 cytoskeleton-associated or -regulatory genes on α2 integrin endocytosis and found that 122 of these affected the intracellular accumulation of α2 integrin. Of these, 83 were found to be putative regulators of α2 integrin trafficking and/or expression, with no observed effect on the internalization of epidermal growth factor (EGF) or transferrin. Further interrogation and validation of the siRNA screen revealed a role for KIF15, a microtubule-based molecular motor, as a significant inhibitor of the endocytic trafficking of α2 integrin. Our data suggest a novel role for KIF15 in mediating plasma membrane localization of the alternative clathrin adaptor Dab2, thus impinging on pathways that regulate α2 integrin internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bettina Knapp
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry (IMB), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dorota Matelska
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Reusing
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antti Arjonen
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Robert Russell
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany Integrative Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, DKFZ, BioQuant and Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Lars Kaderali
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry (IMB), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Holger Erfle
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Reidy KJ, Aggarwal PK, Jimenez JJ, Thomas DB, Veron D, Tufro A. Excess podocyte semaphorin-3A leads to glomerular disease involving plexinA1-nephrin interaction. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:1156-1168. [PMID: 23954273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Semaphorin-3A (Sema3a), a guidance protein secreted by podocytes, is essential for normal kidney patterning and glomerular filtration barrier development. Here, we report that podocyte-specific Sema3a gain-of-function in adult mice leads to proteinuric glomerular disease involving the three layers of the glomerular filtration barrier. Reversibility of the glomerular phenotype upon removal of the transgene induction provided proof-of-principle of the cause-and-effect relationship between podocyte Sema3a excess and glomerular disease. Mechanistically, excess Sema3a induces dysregulation of nephrin, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and αvβ3 integrin in vivo. Sema3a cell-autonomously disrupts podocyte shape. We identified a novel direct interaction between the Sema3a signaling receptor plexinA1 and nephrin, linking extracellular Sema3a signals to the slit-diaphragm signaling complex. We conclude that Sema3a functions as an extracellular negative regulator of the structure and function of the glomerular filtration barrier in the adult kidney. Our findings demonstrate a crosstalk between Sema3a and nephrin signaling pathways that is functionally relevant both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Reidy
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Pardeep K Aggarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Juan J Jimenez
- Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - David B Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Delma Veron
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alda Tufro
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Valdembri D, Serini G. Regulation of adhesion site dynamics by integrin traffic. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2012; 24:582-91. [PMID: 22981739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic control of integrin-mediated cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins is crucial for several physiological and pathological phenomena as diverse as embryonic morphogenesis, muscle contraction, tissue repair, and cancer cell dissemination. On one hand, the intrinsic conformational plasticity of integrins, which can be bidirectionally modulated by their ligands and cytosolic adaptors in combination with physical forces, is a key regulatory parameter. On the other hand, endo-exocytic integrin traffic logistics represent an additional important mode of control. Herein, we highlight how these two apparently parallel and independent strategies for tuning integrin function appear instead to be indissolubly intermingled, as eukaryotic cells have evolved distinct molecular strategies and endosomal pathways to traffic ligand-bound and ligand-free integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Valdembri
- Laboratory of Cell Adhesion Dynamics - IRCC and Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Torino School of Medicine, 10060, Candiolo, Italy
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Abstract
As well as modulating integrin activation, a conserved NPxY motif in integrin cytoplasmic tails that binds the FERM-domain-containing proteins kindlin and sorting nexin 17 plays pivotal roles in integrin recycling and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina N Brahme
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
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Dimatelis JJ, Pillay NS, Mutyaba AK, Russell VA, Daniels WMU, Stein DJ. Early maternal separation leads to down-regulation of cytokine gene expression. Metab Brain Dis 2012; 27:393-7. [PMID: 22527996 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-012-9304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to stressors may lead to subsequent alterations in the immune response. The precise mechanisms underlying such vulnerability are poorly understood, but may be hypothesized to include changes in cytokine systems. Maternal separation was used as a model of exposure to early life stressors. Subsequent cytokine gene expression was studied using a cytokine gene expression array. Maternal separation resulted in significant down-regulation of the expression of 6 cytokine genes; chemokine ligand 7, chemokine receptor 4, interleukin 10, interleukin-1beta, interleukin 5 receptor alpha and integrin alpha M. Specific cytokines may be involved in mediating the effects of early adversity on subsequent immunosuppression. Further work is needed to delineate fully the relationship between early adversity, immune alterations, and behavioural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Dimatelis
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
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The R-Ras/RIN2/Rab5 complex controls endothelial cell adhesion and morphogenesis via active integrin endocytosis and Rac signaling. Cell Res 2012; 22:1479-501. [PMID: 22825554 PMCID: PMC3463263 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2012.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
During developmental and tumor angiogenesis, semaphorins regulate blood vessel navigation by signaling through plexin receptors that inhibit the R-Ras subfamily of small GTPases. R-Ras is mainly expressed in vascular cells, where it induces adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) through unknown mechanisms. We identify the Ras and Rab5 interacting protein RIN2 as a key effector that in endothelial cells interacts with and mediates the pro-adhesive and -angiogenic activity of R-Ras. Both R-Ras-GTP and RIN2 localize at nascent ECM adhesion sites associated with lamellipodia. Upon binding, GTP-loaded R-Ras converts RIN2 from a Rab5 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) to an adaptor that first interacts at high affinity with Rab5-GTP to promote the selective endocytosis of ligand-bound/active β1 integrins and then causes the translocation of R-Ras to early endosomes. Here, the R-Ras/RIN2/Rab5 signaling module activates Rac1-dependent cell adhesion via TIAM1, a Rac GEF that localizes on early endosomes and is stimulated by the interaction with both Ras proteins and the vesicular lipid phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate. In conclusion, the ability of R-Ras-GTP to convert RIN2 from a GEF to an adaptor that preferentially binds Rab5-GTP allows the triggering of the endocytosis of ECM-bound/active β1 integrins and the ensuing funneling of R-Ras-GTP toward early endosomes to elicit the pro-adhesive and TIAM1-mediated activation of Rac1.
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Burgess JK, Weckmann M. Matrikines and the lungs. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 134:317-37. [PMID: 22366287 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is a complex network of fibrous and nonfibrous molecules that not only provide structure to the lung but also interact with and regulate the behaviour of the cells which it surrounds. Recently it has been recognised that components of the extracellular matrix proteins are released, often through the action of endogenous proteases, and these fragments are termed matrikines. Matrikines have biological activities, independent of their role within the extracellular matrix structure, which may play important roles in the lung in health and disease pathology. Integrins are the primary cell surface receptors, characterised to date, which are used by the matrikines to exert their effects on cells. However, evidence is emerging for the need for co-factors and other receptors for the matrikines to exert their effects on cells. The potential for matrikines, and peptides derived from these extracellular matrix protein fragments, as therapeutic agents has recently been recognised. The natural role of these matrikines (including inhibitors of angiogenesis and possibly inflammation) make them ideal targets to mimic as therapies. A number of these peptides have been taken forward into clinical trials. The focus of this review will be to summarise our current understanding of the role, and potential for highly relevant actions, of matrikines in lung health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette K Burgess
- Cell Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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