1
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Angulo-Elizari E, Henriquez-Figuereo A, Morán-Serradilla C, Plano D, Sanmartín C. Unlocking the potential of 1,4-naphthoquinones: A comprehensive review of their anticancer properties. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116249. [PMID: 38458106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer encompasses a group of pathologies with common characteristics, high incidence, and prevalence in all countries. Although there are treatments available for this disease, they are not always effective or safe, often failing to achieve the desired results. This is why it is necessary to continue the search for new therapies. One of the strategies for obtaining new antitumor drugs is the use of 1,4-naphthoquinone as a scaffold in synthetic or natural products with antitumor activity. This review focuses on compiling studies related to the antitumor activity of 1,4-naphthoquinone and its natural and synthetic derivatives over the last 10 years. The work describes the main natural naphthoquinones with antitumor activity and classifies the synthetic naphthoquinones based on the structural modifications made to the scaffold. Additionally, the formation of metal complexes using naphthoquinones as a ligand is considered. After a thorough review, 197 synthetic compounds with potent biological activity against cancer have been classified according to their chemical structures and their mechanisms of action have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Angulo-Elizari
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Andreina Henriquez-Figuereo
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Morán-Serradilla
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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2
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Patil R, Jadhav M, Salunke-Gawali S, Lande DN, Gejji SP, Chakravarty D. 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of 2- n-alkylamino-naphthalene-1,4-diones. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06044. [PMID: 33553738 PMCID: PMC7848645 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
1H as well as 13C chemical shifts of 32 compounds of C (3) substituted 2-(n-alkylamino)-3R-naphthalene-1,4-dione (where n-alkyl: methyl, to octyl, R = H, Cl, Br, and CH3) are investigated through 1H, 13C, DEPT, gDQCOSY, and gHSQCAD NMR experiments and M06-2X/6-311++G (d,p) density functional theory are discussed. Single crystal X-ray structure of Br-3, as well as 18 different derivatives of naphthalene-1,4-diones, are revealed for its inter and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Mahesh Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Sunita Salunke-Gawali
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Dipali N Lande
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Shridhar P Gejji
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Debamitra Chakravarty
- Central Instrumentation Facility, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra State, India
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3
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Kalt MM, Schuehly W, Saf R, Ochensberger S, Solnier J, Bucar F, Kaiser M, Presser A. Palladium-catalysed synthesis of arylnaphthoquinones as antiprotozoal and antimycobacterial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112837. [PMID: 33002847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Malaria and tuberculosis are still among the leading causes of death in low-income countries. The 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ) scaffold can be found in a variety of anti-infective agents. Herein, we report an optimised, high yield process for the preparation of various 2-arylnaphthoquinones by a palladium-catalysed Suzuki reaction. All synthesised compounds were evaluated for their in-vitro antiprotozoal and antimycobacterial activity. Antiprotozoal activity was assessed against Plasmodium falciparum (P.f.) NF54 and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b.r.) STIB900, and antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis (M.s.) mc2 155. Substitution with pyridine and pyrimidine rings significantly increased antiplasmodial potency of our compounds. The 2-aryl-NQs exhibited trypanocidal activity in the nM range with a very favourable selectivity profile. (Pseudo)halogenated aryl-NQs were found to have a pronounced effect indicating inhibition of mycobacterial efflux pumps. Cytotoxicity of all compounds towards L6 cells was evaluated and the respective selectivity indices (SI) were calculated. In addition, the physicochemical parameters of the synthesised compounds were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Manuel Kalt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schuehly
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Saf
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Ochensberger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Solnier
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Franz Bucar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Armin Presser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, A-8010, Graz, Austria.
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4
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Malwal SR, Pardeshi KA, Chakrapani H. Synthesis of Cyclic Sulfite Diesters and their Evaluation as Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 ) Donors. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1201-1205. [PMID: 31709695 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) finds widespread use in the food industry as its hydrated sulfite form, a number of aspects of SO2 biology remain to be completely understood. Of the tools available for intracellular enhancement of SO2 levels, most suffer from poor cell permeability and a lack of control over SO2 release. We report 1,2-cyclic sulfite diesters as a new class of reliable SO2 donors that dissociate in buffer through nucleophilic displacement to produce SO2 with tunable release profiles. We provide data in support of the suitability of these SO2 donors to enhance intracellular SO2 levels more efficiently than sodium bisulfite, the most commonly used SO2 donor for cellular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish R Malwal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune, 411 008, Maharashtra, India.,Present address: Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kundansingh A Pardeshi
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune, 411 008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harinath Chakrapani
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune, 411 008, Maharashtra, India
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5
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Kulkarni A, Soni I, Kelkar DS, Dharmaraja AT, Sankar RK, Beniwal G, Rajendran A, Tamhankar S, Chopra S, Kamat SS, Chakrapani H. Chemoproteomics of an Indole-Based Quinone Epoxide Identifies Druggable Vulnerabilities in Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6785-6795. [PMID: 31241934 PMCID: PMC6660313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
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The alarming global
rise in fatalities from multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (S. aureus)
infections has underscored a need to develop new therapies to address
this epidemic. Chemoproteomics is valuable in identifying targets
for new drugs in different human diseases including bacterial infections.
Targeting functional cysteines is particularly attractive, as they
serve critical catalytic functions that enable bacterial survival.
Here, we report an indole-based quinone epoxide scaffold with a unique
boat-like conformation that allows steric control in modulating thiol
reactivity. We extensively characterize a lead compound (4a), which potently inhibits clinically derived vancomycin-resistant S. aureus. Leveraging diverse chemoproteomic platforms,
we identify and biochemically validate important transcriptional factors
as potent targets of 4a. Interestingly, each identified
transcriptional factor has a conserved catalytic cysteine residue
that confers antibiotic tolerance to these bacteria. Thus, the chemical
tools and biological targets that we describe here prospect new therapeutic
paradigms in combatting S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isha Soni
- Division of Microbiology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road , Lucknow 226021 , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Microbiology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road , Lucknow 226021 , Uttar Pradesh , India
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6
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Zhou B, Liu Q, Wang H, Jin H, Liu Y. CuI/Cu(OTf)2/DMSO system-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative cyclization of (o-alkynyl)arylketones: Efficient synthesis of 1,4-naphthoquinones. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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7
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Ghosh A, Patra A, Mukherjee S, Biju AT. Synthesis of 2-Aryl Naphthoquinones by the Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Involving an NHC-Catalyzed endo-Stetter Reaction. J Org Chem 2018; 84:1103-1110. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Atanu Patra
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Subrata Mukherjee
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Akkattu T. Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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8
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Mitra RN, Show K, Barman D, Sarkar S, Maiti DK. NHC-Catalyzed Dual Stetter Reaction: A Mild Cascade Annulation for the Syntheses of Naphthoquinones, Isoflavanones, and Sugar-Based Chiral Analogues. J Org Chem 2018; 84:42-52. [PMID: 30562016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra N. Mitra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, University College of Science, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700009, India
| | - Krishanu Show
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, University College of Science, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700009, India
| | - Debabrata Barman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, University College of Science, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700009, India
| | - Satinath Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, University College of Science, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700009, India
| | - Dilip K. Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, University College of Science, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700009, India
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9
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Borah A, Sharma A, Hazarika H, Gogoi P. Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted 1,4-Naphthoquinones via Metal-Free C(sp2)-H Functionalization Followed by Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Borah
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division; CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology; Assam, Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-NEIST Campus; India
| | - Abhilash Sharma
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division; CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology; Assam, Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-NEIST Campus; India
| | - Hemanta Hazarika
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division; CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology; Assam, Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-NEIST Campus; India
| | - Pranjal Gogoi
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division; CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology; Assam, Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-NEIST Campus; India
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10
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Metal complexes of hydroxynaphthoquinones: Lawsone, bis-lawsone, lapachol, plumbagin and juglone. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.06.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Patil A, Lande DN, Nalkar A, Gejji SP, Chakrovorty D, Gonnade R, Moniz T, Rangel M, Pereira E, Salunke-Gawali S. Binding selectivity of vitamin K3 based chemosensors towards nickel(II) and copper(II) metal ions. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Dharmaraja AT. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Therapeutics and Drug Resistance in Cancer and Bacteria. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3221-3240. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Allimuthu T. Dharmaraja
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Comprehensive Cancer
Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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13
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Chaaban I, El Khawass ESM, Abd El Razik HA, El Salamouni NS, Redondo-Horcajo M, Barasoain I, Díaz JF, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Moreira VM. Synthesis and Anti-Proliferative Activity of Sulfanyltriazolylnaphthalenols and Sulfanyltriazolylnaphthalene-1,4-diones. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:749-61. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Chaaban
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Alexandria University; Alexandria Egypt
| | - El Sayeda M. El Khawass
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Alexandria University; Alexandria Egypt
| | - Heba A. Abd El Razik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Alexandria University; Alexandria Egypt
| | - Nehad S. El Salamouni
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Alexandria University; Alexandria Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Mariano Redondo-Horcajo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Madrid Spain
| | - Isabel Barasoain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Madrid Spain
| | - José Fernando Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Madrid Spain
| | - Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Vânia M. Moreira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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14
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Malwal SR, Labade A, Andhalkar AS, Sengupta K, Chakrapani H. A highly selective sulfinate ester probe for thiol bioimaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:11533-5. [PMID: 25133745 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05462h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We describe here hitherto unexplored chemistry of the sulfinate ester functional group as being highly selective towards nucleophilic substitution by thiols at physiological pH. Using this cleavable trigger, an optical thiol probe that is suitable for thiol bioimaging has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish R Malwal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India.
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15
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Sankar RK, Kumbhare RS, Dharmaraja AT, Chakrapani H. A phenacrylate scaffold for tunable thiol activation and release. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:15323-6. [PMID: 25347732 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07343f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A thiol-selective 2-methyl-3-phenacrylate scaffold with spatiotemporal control over delivery of a cargo is reported. The half-lives of decomposition could be tuned from 30 min to 1 day and the scaffold's utility in thiol-inducible fluorophore release in cell-free as well as within cells is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathinam K Sankar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India.
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16
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Kathawate L, Joshi PV, Dash TK, Pal S, Nikalje M, Weyhermüller T, Puranik VG, Konkimalla VB, Salunke-Gawali S. Reaction between lawsone and aminophenol derivatives: Synthesis, characterization, molecular structures and antiproliferative activity. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Dharmaraja AT, Jain C, Chakrapani H. Substituent Effects on Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Generation by Hydroquinones. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9413-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501796z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Allimuthu T. Dharmaraja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha
Road, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharashtra, India
| | - Charu Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha
Road, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harinath Chakrapani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha
Road, Pashan, Pune 411021, Maharashtra, India
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18
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Molecular structures and antiproliferative activity of side-chain saturated and homologated analogs of 2-chloro-3-(n-alkylamino)-1,4-napthoquinone. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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19
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20
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Samant BS, Chakaingesu C. Novel naphthoquinone derivatives: synthesis and activity against human African trypanosomiasis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1420-3. [PMID: 23337598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of naphthoquinone derivatives has been synthesized and tested for its biological activity against human African trypanosomiasis. The use of reverse micellar medium not only enhanced the conversion rate, but also showed selectivity towards mono-coupled product in aryl chloride-aniline coupling reactions. Two derivatives of naphthoquinone (9b and 9c) exhibited potent activity against Trypanosoma brucei in vitro with low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh S Samant
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
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21
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Khodade VS, Dharmaraja AT, Chakrapani H. Synthesis, reactive oxygen species generation and copper-mediated nuclease activity profiles of 2-aryl-3-amino-1,4-naphthoquinones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3766-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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