1
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Du J, Cobb PJ, Ding J, Mills DP, Liddle ST. f-Element heavy pnictogen chemistry. Chem Sci 2023; 15:13-45. [PMID: 38131077 PMCID: PMC10732230 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05056d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The coordination and organometallic chemistry of the f-elements, that is group 3, lanthanide, and actinide ions, supported by nitrogen ligands, e.g. amides, imides, and nitrides, has become well developed over many decades. In contrast, the corresponding f-element chemisty with the heavier pnictogen analogues phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth has remained significantly underdeveloped, due largely to a lack of suitable synthetic methodologies and also the inherent hard(f-element)-soft(heavier pnictogen) acid-base mismatch, but has begun to flourish in recent years. Here, we review complexes containing chemical bonds between the f-elements and heavy pnictogens from phosphorus to bismuth that spans five decades of endeavour. We focus on complexes whose identity has been unambiguously established by structural authentication by single-crystal X-ray diffraction with respect to their synthesis, characterisation, bonding, and reactivity, in order to provide a representative overview of this burgeoning area. By highlighting that much has been achieved but that there is still much to do this review aims to inspire, focus and guide future efforts in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Du
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Philip J Cobb
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Junru Ding
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - David P Mills
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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2
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Hauser A, Münzfeld L, Schlittenhardt S, Köppe R, Uhlmann C, Rauska UC, Ruben M, Roesky PW. Molecular cyclo-P 3 complexes of the rare-earth elements via a one-pot reaction and selective reduction. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2149-2158. [PMID: 36845933 PMCID: PMC9945584 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06730g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of new organo-lanthanide polyphosphides with an aromatic cyclo-[P4]2- moiety and a cyclo-[P3]3- moiety is presented. For this purpose, the divalent LnII-complexes [(NON)LnII(thf)2] (Ln = Sm, Yb) ((NON)2- = 4,5-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl-amino)-2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene) and trivalent LnIII-complexes [(NON)LnIIIBH4(thf)2] (Ln = Y, Sm, Dy) were used as precursors in the reduction process of white phosphorus. While using [(NON)LnII(thf)2] as a one-electron reducing agent the formation of organo-lanthanide polyphosphides with a cyclo-[P4]2- Zintl anion was observed. For comparison, we investigated a multi-electron reduction of P4 by a one-pot reaction of [(NON)LnIIIBH4(thf)2] with elemental potassium. As products molecular polyphosphides with a cyclo-[P3]3- moiety were isolated. The same compound could also be obtained by reducing the cyclo-[P4]2- Zintl anion within the coordination sphere of SmIII in [{(NON)SmIII(thf)2}2(μ-η4:η4-P4)]. Reduction of a polyphosphide within the coordination sphere of a lanthanide complex is unprecedented. Additionally, the magnetic properties of the dinuclear DyIII-compound bearing a bridging cyclo-[P3]3- moiety were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Hauser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Luca Münzfeld
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Sören Schlittenhardt
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1D-76344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Ralf Köppe
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Cedric Uhlmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Ulf-Christian Rauska
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1D-76344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany,Centre Européen de Science Quantique (CESQ), Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS, UMR 7006), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg8 allée Gaspard Monge BP 7002867083 Strasbourg CedexFrance,Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 15D-76131 KarlsruheGermany
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3
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Gendy C, Valjus J, Tuononen HM, Roesler R. Haptotropism in a Nickel Complex with a Neutral, π‐Bridging
cyclo
‐P
4
Ligand Analogous to Cyclobutadiene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115692. [PMID: 35108437 PMCID: PMC9313578 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dedicated to Professor Manfred Scheer on the occasion of his 65th birthday The reaction of (1)Ni(η2‐cod), 2, incorporating a chelating bis(N‐heterocyclic carbene) 1, with P4 in pentane yielded the dinuclear complex [(2)Ni]2(μ2,η2 : η2‐P4), 3, formally featuring a cyclobutadiene‐like, neutral, rectangular, π‐bridging P4‐ring. In toluene, the butterfly‐shaped complex [(1)Ni]2(μ2,η2 : η2‐P2), 4, with a formally neutral P2‐unit was obtained from 2 and either P4 or 3. Computational studies showed that a haptotropic rearrangement involving two isomers of the μ2,η2 : η2‐P4 coordination mode and a low‐energy μ2,η4 : η4‐P4 coordination mode, as previously predicted for related nickel cyclobutadiene complexes, could explain the coalescence observed in the low‐temperature NMR spectra of 3. The insertion of the (1)Ni fragment into a P−P bond of P7(SiMe3)3, forming complex 5 with a norbornane‐like P7 ligand, was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Gendy
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB, T2N 1N4 Canada
- Department of Chemistry Nanoscience Centre University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Juuso Valjus
- Department of Chemistry Nanoscience Centre University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Heikki M. Tuononen
- Department of Chemistry Nanoscience Centre University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Roland Roesler
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB, T2N 1N4 Canada
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4
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Gendy C, Valjus J, Tuononen HM, Roesler R. Haptotropism in a Nickel Complex with a Neutral, π‐Bridging
cyclo
‐P
4
Ligand Analogous to Cyclobutadiene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Gendy
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB, T2N 1N4 Canada
- Department of Chemistry Nanoscience Centre University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Juuso Valjus
- Department of Chemistry Nanoscience Centre University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Heikki M. Tuononen
- Department of Chemistry Nanoscience Centre University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Roland Roesler
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB, T2N 1N4 Canada
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5
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Giusti L, Landaeta VR, Vanni M, Kelly JA, Wolf R, Caporali M. Coordination chemistry of elemental phosphorus. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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6
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Abstract
The f-block chemistry of phospholyl and arsolyl ligands, heavier p-block analogues of substituted cyclopentadienyls (CpR , C5 R5 ) where one or more CR groups are replaced by P or As atoms, is less developed than for lighter isoelectronic C5 R5 rings. Heterocyclopentadienyl complexes can exhibit properties that complement and contrast with CpR chemistry. Given that there has been renewed interest in phospholyl and arsolyl f-block chemistry in the last two decades, coinciding with a renaissance in f-block solution chemistry, a review of this field is timely. Here, the syntheses of all structurally characterised examples of lanthanide and actinide phospholyl and arsolyl complexes to date are covered, including benzannulated derivatives, and together with group 3 complexes for completeness. The physicochemical properties of these complexes are reviewed, with the intention of motivating further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Mills
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M139PL, UK
| | - Peter Evans
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M139PL, UK
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7
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Dianionic Mononuclear
Cyclo
‐P
4
Complexes of Zero‐Valent Molybdenum: Coordination of the
Cyclo
‐P
4
Dianion in the Absence of Intramolecular Charge Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15329-15333. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Mandla KA, Neville ML, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Figueroa JS. Dianionic Mononuclear
Cyclo
‐P
4
Complexes of Zero‐Valent Molybdenum: Coordination of the
Cyclo
‐P
4
Dianion in the Absence of Intramolecular Charge Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A. Mandla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Michael L. Neville
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Joshua S. Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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9
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Abstract
The synthesis of tetravalent thorium and uranium complexes with the phosphaazaallene moiety, [N(tBu)C=P(C6H5)]2−, is described. The reaction of the bis(phosphido) complexes, (C5Me5)2An[P(C6H5)(SiMe3)]2, An = Th, U, with two equivalents of tBuNC produces (C5Me5)2An(CNtBu)[η2-(N,C)-N(tBu)C=P(C6H5)] with concomitant formation of P(SiMe3)2(C6H5) via silyl migration. These complexes are characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, as well as structurally determined using X-ray crystallography.
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10
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Zhang F, Zhang J, Chen Z, Weng L, Zhou X. An Yttrium Organic cyclo-P4 Complex and Its Selective Conversions. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:8451-8459. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenxia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linhong Weng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xigeng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Rookes TM, Wildman EP, Balázs G, Gardner BM, Wooles AJ, Gregson M, Tuna F, Scheer M, Liddle ST. Actinide-Pnictide (An-Pn) Bonds Spanning Non-Metal, Metalloid, and Metal Combinations (An=U, Th; Pn=P, As, Sb, Bi). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1332-1336. [PMID: 29232498 PMCID: PMC5814731 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation is presented of the compounds [An(TrenDMBS ){Pn(SiMe3 )2 }] and [An(TrenTIPS ){Pn(SiMe3 )2 }] [TrenDMBS =N(CH2 CH2 NSiMe2 But )3 , An=U, Pn=P, As, Sb, Bi; An=Th, Pn=P, As; TrenTIPS =N(CH2 CH2 NSiPri3 )3 , An=U, Pn=P, As, Sb; An=Th, Pn=P, As, Sb]. The U-Sb and Th-Sb moieties are unprecedented examples of any kind of An-Sb molecular bond, and the U-Bi bond is the first two-centre-two-electron (2c-2e) one. The Th-Bi combination was too unstable to isolate, underscoring the fragility of these linkages. However, the U-Bi complex is the heaviest 2c-2e pairing of two elements involving an actinide on a macroscopic scale under ambient conditions, and this is exceeded only by An-An pairings prepared under cryogenic matrix isolation conditions. Thermolysis and photolysis experiments suggest that the U-Pn bonds degrade by homolytic bond cleavage, whereas the more redox-robust thorium compounds engage in an acid-base/dehydrocoupling route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Rookes
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | | | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr.3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Benedict M. Gardner
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Matthew Gregson
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstr.3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
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12
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Schoo C, Bestgen S, Köppe R, Konchenko SN, Roesky PW. Reactivity of bulky Ln(ii) amidinates towards P4, As4, and As4S4. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:4770-4773. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01519h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of P4, As4 and As4S4 (realgar) with [(DippForm)2Ln(thf)2] (Ln = Sm, Yb) led to the first, purely f-element containing inverse inorganic sandwich complexes [{(DippForm)2Sm}2(μ2-η4:η4-E4)] (E = P, As) and the unusual species [{(DippForm)(DippForm-AsS2)}Ln(thf)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schoo
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Karlsruhe 76131
- Germany
| | - Sebastian Bestgen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Karlsruhe 76131
- Germany
| | - Ralf Köppe
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Karlsruhe 76131
- Germany
| | - Serygey N. Konchenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Karlsruhe 76131
- Germany
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Karlsruhe 76131
- Germany
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13
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Rookes TM, Wildman EP, Balázs G, Gardner BM, Wooles AJ, Gregson M, Tuna F, Scheer M, Liddle ST. Actinide-Pnictide (An−Pn) Bonds Spanning Non-Metal, Metalloid, and Metal Combinations (An=U, Th; Pn=P, As, Sb, Bi). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Rookes
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Elizabeth P. Wildman
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Regensburg; Universitätsstr.31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Benedict M. Gardner
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Matthew Gregson
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Regensburg; Universitätsstr.31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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14
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Du S, Yin J, Chi Y, Xu L, Zhang WX. Dual Functionalization of White Phosphorus: Formation, Characterization, and Reactivity of Rare-Earth-Metal Cyclo
-P3
Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15886-15890. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jianhao Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yue Chi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
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15
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Du S, Yin J, Chi Y, Xu L, Zhang WX. Dual Functionalization of White Phosphorus: Formation, Characterization, and Reactivity of Rare-Earth-Metal Cyclo
-P3
Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jianhao Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yue Chi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
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16
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Rookes TM, Gardner BM, Balázs G, Gregson M, Tuna F, Wooles AJ, Scheer M, Liddle ST. Crystalline Diuranium Phosphinidiide and μ-Phosphido Complexes with Symmetric and Asymmetric UPU Cores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10495-10500. [PMID: 28677144 PMCID: PMC5577518 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of [U(TrenTIPS )(PH2 )] (1, TrenTIPS =N(CH2 CH2 NSiPri3 )3 ) with C6 H5 CH2 K and [U(TrenTIPS )(THF)][BPh4 ] (2) afforded a rare diuranium parent phosphinidiide complex [{U(TrenTIPS )}2 (μ-PH)] (3). Treatment of 3 with C6 H5 CH2 K and two equivalents of benzo-15-crown-5 ether (B15C5) gave the diuranium μ-phosphido complex [{U(TrenTIPS )}2 (μ-P)][K(B15C5)2 ] (4). Alternatively, reaction of [U(TrenTIPS )(PH)][Na(12C4)2 ] (5, 12C4=12-crown-4 ether) with [U{N(CH2 CH2 NSiMe2 But )2 CH2 CH2 NSi(Me)(CH2 )(But )}] (6) produced the diuranium μ-phosphido complex [{U(TrenTIPS )}(μ-P){U(TrenDMBS )}][Na(12C4)2 ] [7, TrenDMBS =N(CH2 CH2 NSiMe2 But )3 ]. Compounds 4 and 7 are unprecedented examples of uranium phosphido complexes outside of matrix isolation studies, and they rapidly decompose in solution underscoring the paucity of uranium phosphido complexes. Interestingly, 4 and 7 feature symmetric and asymmetric UPU cores, respectively, reflecting their differing steric profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Rookes
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Benedict M. Gardner
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Matthew Gregson
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
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17
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Rookes TM, Gardner BM, Balázs G, Gregson M, Tuna F, Wooles AJ, Scheer M, Liddle ST. Crystalline Diuranium Phosphinidiide and μ-Phosphido Complexes with Symmetric and Asymmetric UPU Cores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Rookes
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Benedict M. Gardner
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Regensburg; Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Matthew Gregson
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Ashley J. Wooles
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Regensburg; Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- School of Chemistry; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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18
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Ortu F, Formanuik A, Innes JR, Mills DP. New vistas in the molecular chemistry of thorium: low oxidation state complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 45:7537-49. [PMID: 27094204 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01111j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the molecular chemistry of thorium is dominated by the +4 oxidation state accounts of Th(iii) complexes have continued to increase in frequency since the first structurally characterised example was reported thirty years ago. The isolation of the first Th(ii) complexes in 2015 and exciting recent Th(iii) and Th(ii) reactivity studies both indicate that this long-neglected area is set to undergo a rapid expansion in research activity over the next decade, as previously seen since the turn of the millennium for analogous U(iii) small molecule activation chemistry. In this perspective article, we review synthetic routes to Th(iii) and Th(ii) complexes and summarise their distinctive physical properties. We provide a near-chronological discussion of these systems, focusing on structurally characterised examples, and cover complementary theoretical studies that rationalise electronic structures. All reactivity studies of Th(iii) and Th(ii) complexes that have been reported to date are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ortu
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Alasdair Formanuik
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - James R Innes
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - David P Mills
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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19
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Nakanishi Y, Ishida Y, Kawaguchi H. Zirconium Hydride Complex Supported by a Tetradentate Carbon-Centered Tripodal Tris(aryloxide) Ligand: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:3967-73. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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20
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Bresien J, Schulz A, Villinger A. Low temperature isolation of a dinuclear silver complex of the cyclotetraphosphane [ClP(μ-PMes*)]2. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:498-501. [PMID: 26650280 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03928b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of the cyclotetraphosphane [ClP(μ-PMes*)]2 (, Mes* = 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl) with Ag[Al(OR(F))4] (R(F) = CH(CF3)2) resulted in a labile, dinuclear silver complex of , which eliminates AgCl above -30 °C. Its properties were investigated by spectroscopic methods, single crystal X-ray diffraction and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bresien
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany. and Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany.
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21
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Behrle AC, Walensky JR. Insertion of tBuNC into thorium–phosphorus and thorium–arsenic bonds: phosphaazaallene and arsaazaallene moieties in f element chemistry. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:10042-9. [PMID: 27122120 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00776g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of thorium–phosphido and thorium–arsenido bonds was probed using tert-butyl isocyanide, tBuNC.
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22
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Formanuik A, Ortu F, Beekmeyer R, Kerridge A, Adams RW, Mills DP. White phosphorus activation by a Th(iii) complex. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:2390-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04528b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Lappert's original Th(iii) complex, [Th{C5H3(SiMe3)2-1,3}3], reduces white phosphorus to give a cyclo-P4 dianion, which exhibits an unprecedented μ–η1:η1-binding mode in the dinuclear Th(iv) product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrizio Ortu
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | | | | | - Ralph W. Adams
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - David P. Mills
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
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23
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24
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Behrle AC, Castro L, Maron L, Walensky JR. Formation of a Bridging Phosphinidene Thorium Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:14846-9. [PMID: 26575219 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structural determination of the first thorium phosphinidene complex are reported. The reaction of 2 equiv of (C5Me5)2Th(CH3)2 with H2P(2,4,6-(i)Pr3C6H2) at 95 °C produces [(C5Me5)2Th]2(μ2-P[(2,6-CH2CHCH3)2-4-(i)PrC6H2] as well as 4 equiv of methane, 2 equiv from deprotonation of the phosphine and 2 equiv from C-H bond activation of one methyl group of each of the isopropyl groups at the 2- and 6-positions. Transition state calculations indicate that the steps in the mechanism are P-H, C-H, C-H, and then P-H bond activation to form the phosphinidene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Behrle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Ludovic Castro
- Universite de Toulouse and CNRS , INSA, UPS, CNRS, UMR, UMR 5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Universite de Toulouse and CNRS , INSA, UPS, CNRS, UMR, UMR 5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Justin R Walensky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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25
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Liddle ST. The Renaissance of Non-Aqueous Uranium Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8604-41. [PMID: 26079536 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201412168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prior to the year 2000, non-aqueous uranium chemistry mainly involved metallocene and classical alkyl, amide, or alkoxide compounds as well as established carbene, imido, and oxo derivatives. Since then, there has been a resurgence of the area, and dramatic developments of supporting ligands and multiply bonded ligand types, small-molecule activation, and magnetism have been reported. This Review 1) introduces the reader to some of the specialist theories of the area, 2) covers all-important starting materials, 3) surveys contemporary ligand classes installed at uranium, including alkyl, aryl, arene, carbene, amide, imide, nitride, alkoxide, aryloxide, and oxo compounds, 4) describes advances in the area of single-molecule magnetism, and 5) summarizes the coordination and activation of small molecules, including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, dinitrogen, white phosphorus, and alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Liddle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK).
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26
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Gardner BM, Balázs G, Scheer M, Tuna F, McInnes EJL, McMaster J, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Liddle ST. Triamidoamine uranium(IV)-arsenic complexes containing one-, two- and threefold U-As bonding interactions. Nat Chem 2015; 7:582-90. [PMID: 26100807 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To further our fundamental understanding of the nature and extent of covalency in uranium-ligand bonding, and the benefits that this may have for the design of new ligands for nuclear waste separation, there is burgeoning interest in the nature of uranium complexes with soft- and multiple-bond-donor ligands. Despite this, there have so far been no examples of structurally authenticated molecular uranium-arsenic bonds under ambient conditions. Here, we report molecular uranium(IV)-arsenic complexes featuring formal single, double and triple U-As bonding interactions. Compound formulations are supported by a range of characterization techniques, and theoretical calculations suggest the presence of polarized covalent one-, two- and threefold bonding interactions between uranium and arsenic in parent arsenide [U-AsH2], terminal arsinidene [U=AsH] and arsenido [U≡AsK2] complexes, respectively. These studies inform our understanding of the bonding of actinides with soft donor ligands and may be of use in future ligand design in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict M Gardner
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institut of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitaets Strasse 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitaets Strasse 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Eric J L McInnes
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jonathan McMaster
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alexander J Blake
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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28
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Gardner BM, Tuna F, McInnes EJL, McMaster J, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Liddle ST. An Inverted-Sandwich Diuranium μ-η 5:η 5-Cyclo-P 5 Complex Supported by U-P 5 δ-Bonding. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 127:7174-7178. [PMID: 27478265 PMCID: PMC4955234 DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of [U(TrenTIPS)] [1, TrenTIPS=N(CH2CH2NSiiPr3)3] with 0.25 equivalents of P4 reproducibly affords the unprecedented actinide inverted sandwich cyclo-P5 complex [{U(TrenTIPS)}2(μ-η5:η5-cyclo-P5)] (2). All prior examples of cyclo-P5 are stabilized by d-block metals, so 2 shows that cyclo-P5 does not require d-block ions to be prepared. Although cyclo-P5 is isolobal to cyclopentadienyl, which usually bonds to metals via σ- and π-interactions with minimal δ-bonding, theoretical calculations suggest the principal bonding in the U(P5)U unit is polarized δ-bonding. Surprisingly, the characterization data are overall consistent with charge transfer from uranium to the cyclo-P5 unit to give a cyclo-P5 charge state that approximates to a dianionic formulation. This is ascribed to the larger size and superior acceptor character of cyclo-P5 compared to cyclopentadienyl, the strongly reducing nature of uranium(III), and the availability of uranium δ-symmetry 5f orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict M. Gardner
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK)
| | - Eric J. L. McInnes
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK)
| | - Jonathan McMaster
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - Alexander J. Blake
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
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Gardner BM, Tuna F, McInnes EJL, McMaster J, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Liddle ST. An Inverted-Sandwich Diuranium μ-η(5):η(5)-Cyclo-P5 Complex Supported by U-P5 δ-Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7068-72. [PMID: 25914060 PMCID: PMC4517156 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of [U(TrenTIPS)] [1, TrenTIPS=N(CH2CH2NSiiPr3)3] with 0.25 equivalents of P4 reproducibly affords the unprecedented actinide inverted sandwich cyclo-P5 complex [{U(TrenTIPS)}2(μ-η5:η5-cyclo-P5)] (2). All prior examples of cyclo-P5 are stabilized by d-block metals, so 2 shows that cyclo-P5 does not require d-block ions to be prepared. Although cyclo-P5 is isolobal to cyclopentadienyl, which usually bonds to metals via σ- and π-interactions with minimal δ-bonding, theoretical calculations suggest the principal bonding in the U(P5)U unit is polarized δ-bonding. Surprisingly, the characterization data are overall consistent with charge transfer from uranium to the cyclo-P5 unit to give a cyclo-P5 charge state that approximates to a dianionic formulation. This is ascribed to the larger size and superior acceptor character of cyclo-P5 compared to cyclopentadienyl, the strongly reducing nature of uranium(III), and the availability of uranium δ-symmetry 5f orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict M Gardner
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK)
| | - Eric J L McInnes
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (UK)
| | - Jonathan McMaster
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - Alexander J Blake
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK).
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30
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Lu E, Liddle ST. Uranium-mediated oxidative addition and reductive elimination. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:12924-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00608b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This Perspective article summarises the emerging research topic of uranium-mediated oxidative addition and reductive elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erli Lu
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Stephen T. Liddle
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham
- UK
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31
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Yao S, Lindenmaier N, Xiong Y, Inoue S, Szilvási T, Adelhardt M, Sutter J, Meyer K, Driess M. A Neutral Tetraphosphacyclobutadiene Ligand in Cobalt(I) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Yao S, Lindenmaier N, Xiong Y, Inoue S, Szilvási T, Adelhardt M, Sutter J, Meyer K, Driess M. A neutral tetraphosphacyclobutadiene ligand in cobalt(I) complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:1250-4. [PMID: 25475174 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The unusual reactivity of the newly synthesized β-diketiminato cobalt(I) complexes, [(L(Dep)Co)2] (2 a, L(Dep)=CH[C(Me)N(2,6-Et2C6H3)]2) and [L(Dipp)Co⋅toluene] (2 b, L(Dipp)=CH[CHN(2,6-(i)Pr2C6H3)]2), toward white phosphorus was investigated, affording the first cobalt(I) complexes [(L(Dep)Co)2(μ2:η(4),η(4)-P4)] (3 a) and [(L(Dipp)Co)2(μ2:η(4),η(4)-P4)] (3 b) bearing the neutral cyclo-P4 ligand with a rectangular-planar structure. The redox chemistry of 3 a and 3 b was studied by cyclic voltammetry and their chemical reduction with one molar equivalent of potassium graphite led to the isolation of [(L(Dep)Co)2(μ2:η(4),η(4)-P4)][K(dme)4] (4 a) and [(L(Dipp)Co)2(μ2:η(4),η(4)-P4)][K(dme)4] (4 b). Unexpectedly, the monoanionic Co2P4 core in 4 a and 4 b, respectively, contains the two-electron-reduced cyclo-P4(2-) ligand with a square-planar structure and mixed-valent cobalt(I,II) sites. The electronic structures of 3 a, 3 b, 4 a, and 4 b were elucidated by NMR and EPR spectroscopy as well as magnetic measurements and are in agreement with results of broken-symmetry DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglai Yao
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Sekr. C2, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin (Germany) http://www.driess.tu-berlin.de
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Camp C, Maron L, Bergman RG, Arnold J. Activation of white phosphorus by low-valent group 5 complexes: formation and reactivity of cyclo-P4 inverted sandwich compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:17652-61. [PMID: 25469924 PMCID: PMC4277768 DOI: 10.1021/ja5107282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and comprehensive study of the electronic structure of a unique series of dinuclear group 5 cyclo-tetraphosphide inverted sandwich complexes. White phosphorus (P4) reacts with niobium(III) and tantalum(III) β-diketiminate (BDI) tert-butylimido complexes to produce the bridging cyclo-P4 phosphide species {[(BDI)(N(t)Bu)M]2(μ-η(3):η(3)P4)} (1, M = Nb; 2, M = Ta) in fair yields. 1 is alternatively synthesized upon hydrogenolysis of (BDI)Nb(N(t)Bu)Me2 in the presence of P4. The trinuclear side product {[(BDI)NbN(t)Bu]3(μ-P12)} (3) is also identified. Protonation of 1 with [HOEt2][B(C6F5)4] does not occur at the phosphide ring but rather involves the BDI ligand to yield {[(BDI(#))Nb(N(t)Bu)]2(μ-η(3):η(3)P4)}[B(C6F5)4]2 (4). The monocation and dication analogues {[(BDI)(N(t)Bu)Nb]2(μ-η(3):η(3)P4)}{B(Ar(F))4}n (5, n = 1; 6, n = 2) are both synthesized by oxidation of 1 with AgBAr(F). DFT calculations were used in combination with EPR and UV-visible spectroscopies to probe the nature of the metal-phosphorus bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Camp
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Reductive assembly of cyclobutadienyl and diphosphacyclobutadienyl rings at uranium. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2323. [PMID: 23965752 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the abundance of f-block-cyclopentadienyl, arene, cycloheptatrienyl and cyclo-octatetraenide complexes, cyclobutadienyl derivatives are unknown in spite of their prevalence in the d-block. Here we report that reductive [2+2]-cycloaddition reactions of diphenylacetylene and (2,2-dimethylpropylidyne)phosphine with uranium(V)-inverted sandwich 10π-toluene tetra-anion complexes results in the isolation of inverted sandwich cyclobutadienyl and diphosphacyclobutadienyl dianion uranium(IV) complexes. Computational analysis suggests that the bonding is predominantly electrostatic. Although the ψ4 molecular orbital in the cyclobutadienyl and diphosphacyclobutadienyl ligands exhibits the correct symmetry for δ-bonding to uranium, the dominant covalent contributions arise from π-bonding involving ψ2 and ψ3 orbital combinations. This contrasts with uranium complexes of larger arenes and cyclo-octatetraenide, where δ-bonding dominates. This suggests that the angular requirements for uranium to bond to a small four-membered ring favours π-bonding, utilizing 5f- instead of 6d-orbitals, over δ-bonding that is favoured with larger ligands, where 6d-orbitals can become involved in the bonding.
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35
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Patel D, Tuna F, McInnes EJL, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Liddle ST. An actinide Zintl cluster: a tris(triamidouranium)μ3-η2:η2:η2-heptaphosphanortricyclane and its diverse synthetic utility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13334-7. [PMID: 24127241 PMCID: PMC4674987 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Patel
- School of Chemistry, University of NottinghamUniversity Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (United Kingdom) E-mail:
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of ManchesterOxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (United Kingdom)
| | - Eric J L McInnes
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of ManchesterOxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL (United Kingdom)
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, University of NottinghamUniversity Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (United Kingdom) E-mail:
| | - Alexander J Blake
- School of Chemistry, University of NottinghamUniversity Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (United Kingdom) E-mail:
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- School of Chemistry, University of NottinghamUniversity Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD (United Kingdom) E-mail:
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36
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Patel D, Tuna F, McInnes EJL, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Liddle ST. An Actinide Zintl Cluster: A Tris(triamidouranium)μ3-η2:η2:η2-Heptaphosphanortricyclane and Its Diverse Synthetic Utility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Tsoureas N, Kilpatrick AFR, Summerscales OT, Nixon JF, Cloke FGN, Hitchcock PB. The First Example of the Two‐Electron Reduction of a Phosphaalkyne – Synthesis and Structural Characterisation of the Diuranium(IV) Pentalene Complex [(U{η
5
‐C
5
Me
5
}{η
8
‐C
8
H
4
(Si
i
Pr
3
‐1,4)
2
})
2
(μ‐η
2
:η
1
‐
t
BuCP)]. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Tsoureas
- Division of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom, http://www.sussex.ac.uk/lifesci/clokelab/index
| | - Alexander F. R. Kilpatrick
- Division of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom, http://www.sussex.ac.uk/lifesci/clokelab/index
| | - Owen T. Summerscales
- Division of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom, http://www.sussex.ac.uk/lifesci/clokelab/index
- Current address: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Chemistry Division, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - John F. Nixon
- Division of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom, http://www.sussex.ac.uk/lifesci/clokelab/index
| | - F. Geoffrey N. Cloke
- Division of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom, http://www.sussex.ac.uk/lifesci/clokelab/index
| | - Peter B Hitchcock
- Division of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom, http://www.sussex.ac.uk/lifesci/clokelab/index
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