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Neo AG, Ramiro JL, García-Valverde M, Díaz J, Marcos CF. Stefano Marcaccini: a pioneer in isocyanide chemistry. Mol Divers 2024; 28:335-418. [PMID: 37043161 PMCID: PMC10876884 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Stefano Marcaccini was one of the pioneers in the use of isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions in organic synthesis. Throughout his career at the University of Florence he explored many different faces of isocyanide chemistry, especially those geared towards the synthesis of biologically relevant heterocycles. His work inspired many researchers who contributed to other important developments in the field of multicomponent reactions and created a school of synthetic chemists that continues today. In this manuscript we intend to review the articles on isocyanide multicomponent reactions published by Dr. Marcaccini and analyse their influence on the following works by other researchers. With this, we hope to highlight the immense contribution of Stefano Marcaccini to the development of isocyanide chemistry and modern organic synthesis as well as the influence of his research on future generations. We believe that this review will not only be a well-deserved tribute to the figure of Stefano Marcaccini, but will also serve as a useful inspiration for chemists working in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Neo
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - José Luis Ramiro
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - María García-Valverde
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Jesús Díaz
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Carlos F Marcos
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
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Karimi B, Mobaraki A, Mirzaei HM, Vali H. Control of selectivity in the preparation of 2-substituted benzoazoles by adjusting the surface hydrophobicity in two solid-based sulfonic acid catalysts. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1692-1703. [PMID: 36734617 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02274e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A series of metal-free tandem reactions for the synthesis of pharmaceutically important 2-substituted benzoazoles from isothiocyanates and 2-aminothiophenol under catalyst-free conditions in the presence of Et-PMO-Me-PrSO3H (1a) and SBA-15-PrSO3H (1b) as solid acids were carried out in a highly selective way under solvent free conditions. A significant selectivity changeover toward either 2-mercaptobenzoxazole or 2-aminobenzoazole derivatives could be achieved by changing the employed catalyst from the relatively hydrophobic material 1a to the more hydrophilic catalyst 1b. This simple experimental procedure with a novel selective approach toward benzoazoles accompanied by green and reusable catalysts could be considered as an alternative to the existing methods for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzoazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Karimi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Prof. Sobouti Boulevard, Zanjan 45137-6731, Iran. .,Research Center for Basic Sciences & Modern Technologies (RBST), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Prof. Sobouti Boulevard, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Akbar Mobaraki
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Prof. Sobouti Boulevard, Zanjan 45137-6731, Iran. .,Department of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, South Mofatteh Ave., Tehran 15719-14911, Iran
| | - Hamid M Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Prof. Sobouti Boulevard, Zanjan 45137-6731, Iran.
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- Anatomy and Cell Biology and Facility for Electron Microscopy Research, McGill University, 3450 University St, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2A7, Canada
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6-Chloro-3H-benzo[d][1,2,3]dithiazol-2-ium Chloride. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This short note describes the synthesis of an amorphous benzo[1,2,3]dithiazole chloride salt (commonly known as a ‘Herz salt’) by use of the Herz reaction. Hetero- and homolytic transformations of this species to a variety of useful adducts in medicinal and materials chemistry are well established, although there are limited examples of isolation in the literature, and characterisation data is even harder find. While several studies have confirmed the structure of the benzodithiazole ring beyond doubt, (having generated suitably crystalline salts with large counterions for XRD-analysis), there remains value in understanding and optimising the synthesis of the simple, amorphous polymorphs. For the first time, MS data is provided for this compound and a new mechanism of its formation is proposed based upon new experimental observations and data.
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Benzo[1,2,3]dithiazole Compounds: A History of Synthesis and Their Renewed Applicability in Materials and Synthetic Chemistry, Originating from the Herz Reaction. REACTIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/reactions2030013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The benzo[1,2,3]dithiazole is a unique heteroaromatic functionality whose conjugated profile instils some fascinating electronic properties. This has been historically recognized in the design and manufacture of organic dyes early last century. Although, with the benefit of increased diagnostic techniques and improved understanding, these structures are attracting greater attention in additional research settings, including applications as organic radicals and semiconductors. In addition, the benzodithiazole functionality has been shown to be a valuable synthetic intermediate in the preparation of a variety of other privileged aromatic and heteroaromatic targets, many of which are important APIs. In this review, the authors aim to critically analyse the potential applicability of these compounds to the fields of not only small-scale laboratory synthetic and medicinal chemistry but also commercial-scale processes and increasingly materials chemistry.
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Volkova YM, Makarov AY, Pritchina EA, Gritsan NP, Zibarev AV. Herz radicals: chemistry and materials science. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Konstantinova LS, Baranovsky IV, Irtegova IG, Bagryanskaya IY, Shundrin LA, Zibarev AV, Rakitin OA. Fused 1,2,3-Dithiazoles: Convenient Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Electrochemical Properties. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050596. [PMID: 27164072 PMCID: PMC6273032 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new general protocol for synthesis of fused 1,2,3-dithiazoles by the reaction of cyclic oximes with S₂Cl₂ and pyridine in acetonitrile has been developed. The target 1,2,3-dithiazoles fused with various carbocycles, such as indene, naphthalenone, cyclohexadienone, cyclopentadiene, and benzoannulene, were selectively obtained in low to high yields. In most cases, the hetero ring-closure was accompanied by chlorination of the carbocyclic moieties. With naphthalenone derivatives, a novel dithiazole rearrangement (15→13) featuring unexpected movement of the dithiazole ring from α- to β-position, with respect to keto group, was discovered. Molecular structure of 4-chloro-5H-naphtho[1,2-d][1,2,3]dithiazol-5-one 13 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Electrochemical properties of 13 were studied by cyclic voltammetry and a complex behavior was observed, most likely including hydrodechlorination at a low potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia S Konstantinova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Nanotechnology Education and Research Center, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia.
| | - Ilia V Baranovsky
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Irina G Irtegova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Irina Y Bagryanskaya
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Research University-Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Leonid A Shundrin
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Research University-Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Andrey V Zibarev
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
- Department of Chemistry, National Research University-Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Oleg A Rakitin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Nanotechnology Education and Research Center, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia.
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Zhao J, Huang H, Wu W, Chen H, Jiang H. Metal-free synthesis of 2-aminobenzothiazoles via aerobic oxidative cyclization/dehydrogenation of cyclohexanones and thioureas. Org Lett 2013; 15:2604-7. [PMID: 23662734 DOI: 10.1021/ol400773k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free process for the synthesis of 2-aminobenzothiazoles from cyclohexanones and thioureas has been developed using catalytic iodine and molecular oxygen as the oxidant under mild conditions. Various 2-aminobenzothiazoles, 2-aminonaphtho[2,1-d]thiazoles, and 2-aminonaphtho[1,2-d]thiazoles were prepared via this method in satisfactory yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwu Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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Neo AG, Díaz J, Marcaccini S, Marcos CF. Conjugate addition of isocyanides to chromone 3-carboxylic acid: an efficient one-pot synthesis of chroman-4-one 2-carboxamides. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:3406-16. [PMID: 22434156 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob07011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel Lewis acid catalysed tandem reaction of isocyanides, chromone 3-carboxylic acid and nucleophiles. An experimentally very simple procedure, involving the use of microwave irradiation in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, affords a representative collection of chromone-2-carboxamides and chromone-2-carboxamido-3-esters in high yields, in just a few minutes. Such an unprecedented strategy is formally equivalent to a conjugate addition of isocyanides to Michael acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Neo
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Bioorgánica, Dept Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
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