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Liu J, Engholm-Keller K, Poojary MM, Bevilacqua M, Andersen ML, Lund MN. Reactivity and mechanism of the reactions of 4-methylbenzoquinone with amino acid residues in β-lactoglobulin: A kinetic and product investigation. Food Chem 2024; 434:137473. [PMID: 37738814 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Quinones, produced by the oxidation of phenolic compounds, covalently bind to nucleophilic groups on amino acids or proteins. In this study, the reactions of 4-methylbenzoquinone (4MBQ) with β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) and amino acids at neutral pH were investigated. LC-MS analysis revealed that Cys121 was likely the most modified residue in β-LG. Identification of reaction products by LC-MS/MS showed that Michael addition occurred in all reactions with amino acids tested. The formation of Schiff base and a di-adduct was found in His and Trp samples. Apparent second-order rate constants (k2) were determined at 25 °C and pH 7.0 by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. The rate of reactions decreased in the order: β-LG > His > Trp > Arg > Nα-acetyl His > Nα-acetyl Arg > Nα-acetyl Trp. The rate constants correlated with the pKa values of the amino acids, showing that the amount of unprotonated amine is the major factor determining the reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Liu
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kasper Engholm-Keller
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mahesha M Poojary
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marta Bevilacqua
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mogens L Andersen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marianne N Lund
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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2
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Mondal H, Patra S, Saha S, Nayak T, Sengupta U, Sudan Maji M. Late-Stage Halogenation of Peptides, Drugs and (Hetero)aromatic Compounds with a Nucleophilic Hydrazide Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312597. [PMID: 37933202 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Unlike its other halogen atom siblings, chlorination of a bioactive compound can change its physiological characteristics, improve its pharmacological profile, and function as a point of diversification through cross-coupling reactions. As a result, it has been a crucial strategy for drug discovery and development. However, functional groups such as amines, amides, hydroxy groups, or carboxylic acids trap the Cl+ , severely limiting the reactivity and making direct chlorination far too difficult to be practical. Herein, we introduce a nucleophilic sulfonohydrazide catalyst for late-stage halogenation of peptides and drugs. This direct, mild and metal-free protocol shows high functional-group tolerance and is compatible with a range of structurally diverse peptides, drugs and aromatic compounds. Furthermore, DFT studies indicate that the reaction most likely proceeds via a cationic transition state. The gram-scale synthesis, high stability and efficiency of the catalyst provide a facile route for late-stage functionalization and intermediates for further derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haripriyo Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Subimal Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Shuvendu Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Tarak Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Uddalak Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
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3
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Zhang Z, Li L, Li Y, Wu Y, Zhang X, Qi H, Li B. Insight on a Competitive Nucleophilic Addition Reaction of Nε-(Carboxymethyl) Lysine or Different Amino Acids with 4-Methylbenzoquinone. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101421. [PMID: 35626991 PMCID: PMC9140783 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ο-benzoquinone is a common intermediate which is mostly formed by the oxidation of phenolics or polyphenols containing catechol structure. ο-benzoquinone has an outstanding nucleophilic ability, while advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are nucleophilic and can undergo a nucleophilic addition reaction with ο-benzoquinone to mitigate the harmful effects of AGEs on the body. As common nucleophilic substances, amino acids existing in large quantities in food processing and in vivo may bind competitively with ο-benzoquinone, thus influencing the trapping of ο-benzoquinone with AGEs. In this study, cyclic voltammetry and coexistence experiments were used to compare the reactivities of Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) and amino acids with 4-methylbenzoquinone (4-MBQ). The results showed that CML is more reactive with ο-benzoquinone than most amino acids, and even in complex systems, ο-benzoquinone still captured CML. Moreover, almost all adducts were identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, and their chemical formulas were deduced. Quantum chemistry accurately predicts the efficiency and site of reactions of ο-benzoquinone and nucleophiles to a certain extent, and found that a secondary amine has a greater reactivity with 4-MBQ than a primary amine in a similar molecular structure. In general, ο-benzoquinone could capture AGEs, thereby showing potential to reduce the harmfulness of AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (H.Q.)
| | - Lin Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (H.Q.)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, College Road 1, Dongguan 523808, China;
| | - Yuting Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, College Road 1, Dongguan 523808, China;
| | - Yi Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (H.Q.)
| | - Xia Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (H.Q.)
| | - Haiping Qi
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (H.Q.)
| | - Bing Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (H.Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-87113252
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Zhou Y, Edgar KJ. Regioselective synthesis of polysaccharide-amino acid ester conjugates. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118886. [PMID: 34893289 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Site-specific conjugation of polysaccharides with proteins is very challenging. Creating the ability to control chemo- and regioselective reaction between polysaccharides and amino acid derivatives can not only create potentially useful and bioactive natural polymer constructs, but should also provide useful guidance for the principles of polysaccharide-protein conjugate synthesis. In this work, we exploited regioselective bromination of the non-reducing end primary dextran hydroxyl using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and triphenylphosphine (Ph3P) in the dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and lithium bromide solvent system, thereby enabling a regio- and chemoselective synthetic strategic approach to a variety of polysaccharide-amino acid ester adducts. We demonstrated selective condensation of the α-amino groups of esters of the amino acids tyrosine and proline, displacing the single, terminal C6 bromides of 6-BrDextran, as well as the 6-Br moieties of 6-BrCA320S, with high conversion (71-96%). Histidine ester side group amines were found to react with 6-BrCA320S, while those of tryptophan ester did not. These results provide useful access to polysaccharide-amino acid ester adducts of various architectures, and guide us in designing new pathways to polysaccharide-protein copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Kevin J Edgar
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
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Poojary MM, Zhang W, Olesen SB, Rauh V, Lund MN. Green Tea Extract Decreases Arg-Derived Advanced Glycation Endproducts but Not Lys-Derived AGEs in UHT Milk during 1-Year Storage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14261-14273. [PMID: 33201715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-enriched green tea extract (GTE) was added to lactose-reduced UHT-treated milk to evaluate its role in perturbing the Maillard reaction and the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) during 1-year storage. The UHT processing caused epimerization of EGCG into gallocatechin gallate (GCG). For milk samples with added 0.1% w/v GTE, a EGCG/GCG loss of 26% was found soon after the UHT treatment and the loss increased to 64% after the 1-year of storage. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of various EGCG/GCG-α-dicarbonyl adducts and EGCG/GCG-hydroxymethylfurfural adducts in milk samples, while EGCG/GCG-amino acid adducts were not detected. Although EGCG/GCG trapped α-dicarbonyl compounds including glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 3-deoxyglucosone/3-deoxygalactosone, and diacetyl, it did not lower their net steady-state concentrations, except of 3-deoxyglucosone. The addition of GTE reduced the formation of Arg-derived AGEs by 2- to 3-fold, but surprisingly enhanced the accumulation of furosine and lysine-derived AGEs [Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine and Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine)] by 2-4-fold depending on the concentration of the added GTE and storage time. The present study shows that trapping of α-dicarbonyl compounds by EGCG may not be the major pathway for inhibiting the formation of AGEs in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesha M Poojary
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sarah Bisgaard Olesen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Valentin Rauh
- Arla Foods Innovation Center, Agro Food Park 19, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Marianne N Lund
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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6
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l-Proline Derived Secondary Aminothiourea Organocatalyst for Synthesis of Coumarin Derived Trisubstituted Methanes: Rate Enhancement by Bifunctional Catalyst over Cooperative Catalysis. Catal Letters 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-019-02809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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7
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Liu K, Hu Y, Xu Z, Yin M. Fluorescent Sensor for Rapid Detection of Nucleophile and Convenient Comparison of Nucleophilicity. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5131-5137. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiseng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zejun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meizhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Tzeli D, Tsoungas PG, Petsalakis ID, Kozielewicz P, Zloh M. Intramolecular cyclization of β-nitroso-o-quinone methides. A theoretical endoscopy of a potentially useful innate ‘reclusive’ reaction. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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β-Nitroso-o-quinone methides: potent intermediates in organic chemistry and biology. The impact of the NO group on their structure and reactivity profile: a theoretical insight. Struct Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-014-0454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Song CC, Ji R, Du FS, Li ZC. Oxidation-Responsive Poly(amino ester)s Containing Arylboronic Ester and Self-Immolative Motif: Synthesis and Degradation Study. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401656t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ran Ji
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu-Sheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-Chen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Bentley TW. A comprehensive N
+
scale of nucleophilicity in an equation including a Swain-Scott response/selectivity parameter. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. William Bentley
- Chemistry Unit, Grove Building, College of Medicine; Swansea University; Swansea SA2 8PP Wales UK
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