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Keel KL, Tepe J. The preparation of (4H)-imidazol-4-ones and their application in the total synthesis of natural products. Org Chem Front 2020; 7:3284-3311. [PMID: 33796321 DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00764a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(4H)-Imidazol-4-ones are an important scaffold for a variety of applications, including natural products, medicine, agriculture, and other applications. Over the years, there have been a number of preparations published for the synthesis of imidazol-4-ones. This review discusses the progress made on the synthesis of imidazol-4-ones, and their application towards the total synthesis of a range of imidazol-4-one containing natural products. Emphasis is made on areas of the field that still need progress.
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Alkayar ZTI, Coldham I. Cascade cyclization and intramolecular nitrone dipolar cycloaddition and formal synthesis of 19-hydroxyibogamine. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:66-73. [PMID: 30539955 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02839g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A cascade or domino sequence of condensation of hydroxylamine and an aldehyde to give an oxime, cyclization to a nitrone, and intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition has been successfully employed where there is branching at C-4 as a route to the iboga alkaloids. Cyclization occurs with displacement of chloride as a leaving group and intramolecular cycloaddition occurs with an alkene as a dipolarophile. The reaction gives an azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane product containing a fused isoxazolidine as a single stereoisomer and this was converted to an isoquinuclidine that completed a formal synthesis of the alkaloid (±)-19-hydroxyibogamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad T I Alkayar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
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Ansari AJ, Pathare RS, Kumawat A, Maurya AK, Verma S, Agnihotri VK, Joshi R, Metre RK, Sharon A, Pardasani RT, Sawant DM. A diversity-oriented synthesis of polyheterocycles via the cyclocondensation of azomethine imine. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02874a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pd-Catalyzed sequential reactions to afford skeletally diverse molecules are described.
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Saruengkhanphasit R, Collier D, Coldham I. Synthesis of Spirocyclic Amines by Using Dipolar Cycloadditions of Nitrones. J Org Chem 2017; 82:6489-6496. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Darren Collier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Iain Coldham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
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He L, Liu L, Han R, Zhang W, Xie X, She X. Thermal 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azomethine imines with active esters. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6757-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01095d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between active esters and azomethine imines to afford pyrazolidinone derivatives has been developed. It does not involve a catalyst and commonly uses two substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwenze He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Runfeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Xingang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Xuegong She
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
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Belskaya NP, Eliseeva AI, Bakulev VA. Hydrazones as substrates for cycloaddition reactions. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bren VA, Popova OS, Tolpygin IE, Chernoivanov VA, Revinskii YV, Dubonosov AD. New ionochromic azomethinimine chemosensors. Russ Chem Bull 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-0916-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Smirnov AS, Kritchenkov AS, Bokach NA, Kuznetsov ML, Selivanov SI, Gurzhiy VV, Roodt A, Kukushkin VY. Regio- and Stereoselective 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Cyclic Azomethine Imines to Platinum(IV)-Bound Nitriles Giving Δ(2)-1,2,4-Triazoline Species. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:11018-30. [PMID: 26536298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The complex trans-[PtCl4(EtCN)2] (14) reacts smoothly at 25 °C with the stable cyclic azomethine imines R(1)CH═N(a)NC(O)CH(NHC(O)C6H4R(3))C(b)H(C6H4R(2))((a-b)) [R(1)/R(2)/R(3) = p-Me/H/H (8); p-Me/p-Me/H (9); p-Me/p-MeO/H (10); p-Me/p-Cl/p-Cl (11); p-MeO/p-Me/H (12); p-MeO/p-Cl/m-Me (13)], and the reaction proceeds as stereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to one of the EtCN ligands accomplishing the monocycloadducts trans-[PtCl4(EtCN){N(a)═C(Et)N(b)C(O)CH(NHC(O)C6H4R(3))CH(C6H4R(2))N(c)C(d)HR(1)}])((a-d;b-c)) [R(1)/R(2)/R(3) = p-Me/H/H (15); p-Me/p-Me/H (16); p-Me/p-MeO/H (17); p-Me/p-Cl/p-Cl (18); p-MeO/p-Me/H (19); p-MeO/p-Cl/m-Me (20)]. Inspection of the obtained and literature data indicate that the cycloaddition of the azomethine imines to the C≡N bonds of HCN and of Pt(IV)-bound EtCN has different regioselectivity leading to Δ(2)-1,2,3-triazolines and Δ(2)-1,2,4-triazolines, respectively. Platinum(II) species trans-[PtCl2(EtCN){N(a)═C(Et)N(b)C(O)CH(NHC(O)C6H4R(3))CH(C6H4R(2))N(c)C(d)HR(1)}]((a-d;b-c)) [R(1)/R(2)/R(3) = p-Me/H/H (21); p-Me/p-Me/H (22); p-Me/p-MeO/H (23); p-Me/p-Cl/p-Cl (24); p-MeO/p-Me/H (25); p-MeO/p-Cl/m-Me (26)] were obtained by a one-pot procedure from 14 and 8-13 followed by addition of the phosphorus ylide Ph3P═CHCO2Me. Δ(2)-1,2,4-Triazolines N(a)═C(Et)N(b)C(O)CH(NHC(O)C6H4R(3))CH(C6H4R(2))N(c)C(d)HR(1(a-d;b-c)) [R(1)/R(2)/R(3) = p-Me/H/H (27); p-Me/p-Me/H (28); p-Me/p-MeO/H (29); p-Me/p-Cl/p-Cl (30); p-MeO/p-Me/H (31); p-MeO/p-Cl/m-Me (32)] were liberated from 21-26 by the treatment with bis(diphenylphosphyno)ethane (dppe). Platinum(II) complexes 21-26 were characterized by elemental analyses (C, H, N), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and IR and (1)H and (13)C{(1)H} NMR spectroscopies and single crystal X-ray diffraction in the solid state for 25·CH3OH, 26·(CHCl3)0.84. The structure of 26 was also determined by COSY-90 and NOESY NMR methods in solution. Quantitative evaluation of several pairs of interproton distances obtained by NMR and X-ray diffraction agrees well with each other and with those obtained by the MM+ calculation method. Platinum(IV) complexes 15-20 were characterized by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Metal-free 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazoles (27-32) were characterized by high-resolution ESI-MS and IR and (1)H and (13)C{(1)H} NMR spectroscopies and single crystal X-ray diffraction for 29·CDCl3. Theoretical density functional theory calculations were carried out for the investigation of the reaction mechanism, interpretation of the reactivity of Pt-bound and free nitriles toward azomethine imines and analysis of the regio- and stereoselectivity origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey S Smirnov
- Saint Petersburg State University , Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Andreii S Kritchenkov
- Saint Petersburg State University , Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda A Bokach
- Saint Petersburg State University , Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim L Kuznetsov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Stanislav I Selivanov
- Saint Petersburg State University , Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vladislav V Gurzhiy
- Saint Petersburg State University , Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Andreas Roodt
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State , P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Vadim Yu Kukushkin
- Saint Petersburg State University , Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences , V.O. Bolshoii Pr. 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Abstract
Azomethine imines are considered 1,3-dipoles of the aza-allyl type which are transient intermediates and should be generated in situ but can also be stable and isolable compounds. They react with electron-rich and electron-poor olefins as well as with acetylenic compounds and allenoates mainly by a [3 + 2] cycloaddition but they can also take part in [3 + 3], [4 + 3], [3 + 2 + 2] and [5 + 3] with different dipolarophiles. These 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions (1,3-DC) can be performed not only under thermal or microwave conditions but also using metallo- and organocatalytic systems. In recent years enantiocatalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions have been extensively considered and applied to the synthesis of a great variety of dinitrogenated heterocycles with biological activity. Acyclic azomethine imines derived from mono and disubstituted hydrazones could be generated by prototropy under heating or by using Lewis or Brønsted acids to give, after [3 + 2] cycloadditions, pyrazolidines and pyrazolines. Cyclic azomethine imines, incorporating a C-N bond in a ring, such as isoquinolinium imides are the most widely used dipoles in normal and inverse-electron demand 1,3-DC allowing the synthesis of tetrahydro-, dihydro- and unsaturated pyrazolo[1,5-a]isoquinolines in racemic and enantioenriched forms with interesting biological activity. Pyridinium and quinolinium imides give the corresponding pyrazolopyridines and indazolo[3,2-a]isoquinolines, respectively. In the case of cyclic azomethine imines with an N-N bond incorporated into a ring, N-alkylidene-3-oxo-pyrazolidinium ylides are the most popular stable and isolated dipoles able to form dinitrogen-fused saturated and unsaturated pyrazolopyrazolones as racemic or enantiomerically enriched compounds present in many pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and other useful chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Nájera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
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N-Imide Ylide-Based Reactions: CH Functionalization, Nucleophilic Addition and Cycloaddition. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Microwave-assisted facile synthesis of [a]-annelated pyrazolopyrroloindoles via intramolecular azomethine imine 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.03.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Smith K, El-Hiti GA, Alshammari MB. Variation in the Site of Lithiation of 2-(2-Methylphenyl)ethanamine Derivatives. J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3023445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Smith
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff
CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Gamal A. El-Hiti
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff
CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Mohammed B. Alshammari
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff
CF10 3AT, U.K
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