1
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Kumar S, Maity J, Kumar B, Kumar S, Prasad AK. Chemical and chemoenzymatic routes to bridged homoarabinofuranosylpyrimidines: Bicyclic AZT analogues. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:95-101. [PMID: 35096178 PMCID: PMC8767562 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Conformationally restricted diastereomeric homoarabinofuranosylpyrimidines (AZT analogue), i.e., (5′R)-3′-azido-3′-deoxy-2′-O,5′-C-bridged-β-ᴅ-homoarabinofuranosylthymine and -uracil had been synthesized starting from diacetone ᴅ-glucofuranose following chemoenzymatic and chemical routes in 34–35% and 24–25% overall yields, respectively. The quantitative and diastereoselective acetylation of primary hydroxy over two secondary hydroxy groups present in the key nucleoside precursor was mediated with Lipozyme® TL IM in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran following a chemoenzymatic pathway. Whereas, the protection of the primary hydroxy over the lone secondary hydroxy group in the key azido sugar precursor was achieved using bulky tert-butyldiphenylsilyl chloride (TBDPS-Cl) in pyridine in 92% yield following a chemical synthetic pathway. The chemoenzymatic method was found to be superior over the chemical method in respect of the number of synthetic steps and overall yield of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi- 110 007, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Maity
- Department of Chemistry, St. Stephen’s College, University of Delhi, Delhi- 110 007, India
| | - Banty Kumar
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi- 110 007, India
- Department of Chemistry, Rajdhani College, University of Delhi, Delhi- 110 015, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi- 110 007, India
| | - Ashok K Prasad
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi- 110 007, India
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2
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Paul A, Kulkarni SS. Synthesis of L-hexoses: an Update. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3224-3237. [PMID: 34075685 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, carbohydrates have increasingly become an important class of compounds contributing significantly to the target specific drug discovery and vaccine development. Several oligosaccharides contain L-hexoses that are biologically relevant as therapeutic and diagnostic tools. Since, L-hexoses and deoxy L-hexoses are not readily available in large amount and pure form, attention is drawn towards development of cost effective and high yielding synthetic routes for their procurement. In this review we give an update on the recent developments in strategies for synthesis of L-hexoses and deoxy L-hexoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
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3
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Jain P, Shanthamurthy CD, Chaudhary PM, Kikkeri R. Rational designing of glyco-nanovehicles to target cellular heterogeneity. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4021-4027. [PMID: 34163672 PMCID: PMC8179433 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00140j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant expression of endocytic epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) in cancer cells has emerged as a key target for therapeutic intervention. Here, we describe for the first time a state-of-the-art design for a heparan sulfate (HS) oligosaccharide-based nanovehicle to target EGFR-overexpressed cancer cells in cellular heterogeneity. An ELISA plate IC50 inhibition assay and surface plasma resonance (SPR) binding assay of structurally well-defined HS oligosaccharides showed that 6-O-sulfation (6-O-S) and 6-O-phosphorylation (6-O-P) of HS tetrasaccharides significantly enhanced EGFR cognate growth factor binding. The conjugation of these HS ligands to multivalent fluorescent gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) enabled the specific and efficient targeting of EGFR-overexpressed cancer cells. In addition, this heparinoid-nanovehicle exhibited selective homing to NPs in cancer cells in three-dimensional (3D) coculture spheroids, thus providing a novel target for cancer therapy and diagnostics in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Heparan sulfate oligosaccharide based nanovehicle greatly enhance the selective targeting of cancer cells in tumor microenvironment.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune-411008 India
| | - Chethan D Shanthamurthy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune-411008 India
| | | | - Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune-411008 India
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4
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Zhang L, Wang X, Hua Q, Wang J, Liu J, Yang Y. Synthesis and immunomodulatory activity of the sulfated tetrasaccharide motif of type B ulvanobiuronic acid 3-sulfate. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7932-7935. [PMID: 33001123 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01852j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ulvan is a sulfated polysaccharide from green algae with potent antitumor, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activities. However, no chemical synthesis of ulvan saccharides has been reported to date. In this paper, we performed the first efficient synthesis of the unique sulfated tetrasaccharide motif of type B ulvanobiuronic acid 3-sulfate. Based on the gold(i)-catalyzed glycosylation with glycosyl ynenoates as donors, efficient construction of the challenging α-(1 → 4)-glycosidic bonds between iduronic acid and rhamnose building blocks was achieved to afford the tetrasaccharide skeleton in a stereospecific manner. The synthetic sulfated tetrasaccharide was found to significantly improve the phagocytic activity of macrophage RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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5
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Yeh CJ, Zulueta MML, Li YK, Hung SC. Synthesis of hyaluronic acid oligosaccharides with a GlcNAc-GlcA repeating pattern and their binding affinity with CD44. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5370-5387. [PMID: 32638804 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01048k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a ubiquitous glycosaminoglycan in the extracellular matrix and a ligand of CD44, a transmembrane glycoprotein that is important in cell migration. Crystal and NMR studies found a hexasaccharide of the pattern (GlcA-GlcNAc)3 as the shortest HA that could bind to CD44, but molecular dynamics simulations indicated that a tetrasaccharide of the pattern (GlcNAc-GlcA)2 is the key structure interacting with CD44. Access to oligomers with such a repeat pattern is crucial in binding studies with CD44. Here we developed a synthetic procedure to afford the HA oligosaccharides with the GlcNAc-GlcA repeating unit and measured the binding interaction between these sugars and human CD44 by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). During the chemical synthesis, we successfully generated the β-glycosidic bond in the absence of neighbouring group participation and overcome the issues in the oxidation step. In addition, ammonia-free dissolving metal reduction for debenzylation and azido reduction has been applied in carbohydrate synthesis for the first time. ITC analysis revealed that the HA tetrasaccharide (GlcNAc-GlcA)2 could indeed interact and bind to the human CD44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Jui Yeh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan. and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Medel Manuel L Zulueta
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Yaw-Kuen Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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6
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Na L, Yu H, McArthur JB, Ghosh T, Asbell T, Chen X. Engineer P. multocida Heparosan Synthase 2 (PmHS2) for Size-Controlled Synthesis of Longer Heparosan Oligosaccharides. ACS Catal 2020; 10:6113-6118. [PMID: 33520345 PMCID: PMC7842274 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida heparosan synthase 2 (PmHS2) is a dual-function polysaccharide synthase having both α1-4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (α1-4-GlcNAcT) and β1-4-glucuronyltransferase (β1-4-GlcAT) activities located in two separate catalytic domains. We found that removing PmHS2 N-terminal 80-amino acid residues improved enzyme stability and expression level while retaining its substrate promiscuity. We also identified the reverse glycosylation activities of PmHS2 which complicated its application in size-controlled synthesis of oligosaccharides longer than hexasaccharide. Engineered Δ80PmHS2 single-function-glycosyltransferase mutants Δ80PmHS2_D291N (α1-4-GlcNAcT lacking both forward and reverse β1-4-GlcAT activities) and Δ80PmHS2_D569N (β1-4-GlcAT lacking both forward and reverse α1-4-GlcNAcT activities) were designed and showed to minimize side product formation. They were successfully used in a sequential one-pot multienzyme (OPME) platform for size-controlled high-yield production of oligosaccharides up to decasaccharide. The study draws attention to the consideration of reverse glycosylation activities of glycosyltransferases, including polysaccharide synthases, when applying them in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. The mutagenesis strategy has the potential to be extended to other multifunctional polysaccharide synthases with reverse glycosylation activities to generate catalysts with improved synthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John B. McArthur
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Tamashree Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Thomas Asbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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7
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Yeh CJ, Ku CC, Lin WC, Fan CY, Zulueta MML, Manabe Y, Fukase K, Li YK, Hung SC. Single-Step Per-O-Sulfonation of Sugar Oligomers with Concomitant 1,6-Anhydro Bridge Formation for Binding Fibroblast Growth Factors. Chembiochem 2019; 20:237-240. [PMID: 30239102 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Many circulating cancer-related proteins, such as fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), associate with glycosaminoglycans-particularly heparan sulfate-at the cell surface. Disaccharide analogues of heparan sulfate had previously been identified as the shortest components out of the sugars that bind to FGF-1 and FGF-2. Taking note of the typical pose of l-iduronic acid, we conceived of per-O-sulfonated analogues of such disaccharides, and devised a single-step procedure for per-O-sulfonation of unprotected sugars with concomitant 1,6-anhydro bridge formation to achieve such compounds through direct use of SO3 ⋅Et3 N as sulfonation reagent and dimethylformamide as solvent. The synthesized sugars based on the oligomaltose backbone bound FGF-1 and FGF-2 mostly at the sub-micromolar level, although the tetrasaccharide analogue achieved low-nanomolar binding with FGF-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Jui Yeh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Chu Ku
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yuan Fan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Medel Manuel L Zulueta
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yaw-Kuen Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
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8
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Mohamed S, He QQ, Lepage RJ, Krenske EH, Ferro V. Glycosylations of Simple Acceptors with 2‐
O
‐Acyl
l
‐Idose or
l
‐Iduronic Acid Donors Reveal Only a Minor Role for Neighbouring‐Group Participation. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shifaza Mohamed
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland 4072 Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Qi Qi He
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland 4072 Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Romain J. Lepage
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland 4072 Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Elizabeth H. Krenske
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland 4072 Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland 4072 Brisbane QLD Australia
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9
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2011-2012. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:255-422. [PMID: 26270629 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This review is the seventh update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2012. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural types constitute the remainder. The main groups of compound are oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:255-422, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
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10
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Huang TY, Irene D, Zulueta MML, Tai TJ, Lain SH, Cheng CP, Tsai PX, Lin SY, Chen ZG, Ku CC, Hsiao CD, Chyan CL, Hung SC. Structure of the Complex between a Heparan Sulfate Octasaccharide and Mycobacterial Heparin-Binding Hemagglutinin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Yi Huang
- Genomics Research Center; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Deli Irene
- Department of Chemistry; National Dong Hwa University; No. 1, Section 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng Hualien 974 Taiwan
| | - Medel Manuel L. Zulueta
- Genomics Research Center; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jui Tai
- Department of Chemistry; National Dong Hwa University; No. 1, Section 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng Hualien 974 Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Lain
- Department of Chemistry; National Dong Hwa University; No. 1, Section 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng Hualien 974 Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Po Cheng
- Genomics Research Center; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Ping-Xi Tsai
- Genomics Research Center; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Lin
- Genomics Research Center; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Geng Chen
- Genomics Research Center; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Chu Ku
- Institute of Molecular Biology; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Chwan-Deng Hsiao
- Institute of Molecular Biology; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Chyan
- Department of Chemistry; National Dong Hwa University; No. 1, Section 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng Hualien 974 Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center; Academia Sinica; No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road Taipei 115 Taiwan
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11
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Huang TY, Irene D, Zulueta MML, Tai TJ, Lain SH, Cheng CP, Tsai PX, Lin SY, Chen ZG, Ku CC, Hsiao CD, Chyan CL, Hung SC. Structure of the Complex between a Heparan Sulfate Octasaccharide and Mycobacterial Heparin-Binding Hemagglutinin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4192-4196. [PMID: 28294485 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA) is a 199 amino acid virulence factor at the envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that contributes to latent tuberculosis. The binding of HBHA to respiratory epithelial cells, which leads to extrapulmonary dissemination of the pathogen, is mediated by cell-surface heparan sulfate (HS). We report the structural characterization of the HBHA/HS complex by NMR spectroscopy. To develop a model for the molecular recognition, the first chemically synthesized uniformly 13 C- and 15 N-labeled HS octasaccharide and a uniformly 13 C- and 15 N-labeled form of HBHA were prepared. Residues 180-195 at the C-terminal region of HBHA show large chemical shift perturbation upon association with the octasaccharide. Molecular dynamics simulations conforming to the multidimensional NMR data revealed key electrostatic and even hydrophobic interactions between the binding partners that may aid in the development of agents targeting the binding event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Yi Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Deli Irene
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Section 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien, 974, Taiwan
| | - Medel Manuel L Zulueta
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jui Tai
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Section 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien, 974, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Lain
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Section 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien, 974, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Po Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Xi Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Geng Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Chu Ku
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chwan-Deng Hsiao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Chyan
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Section 2, Da Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien, 974, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
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12
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Hamagami H, Kumazoe M, Yamaguchi Y, Fuse S, Tachibana H, Tanaka H. 6-Azido-6-deoxy-l
-idose as a Hetero-Bifunctional Spacer for the Synthesis of Azido-Containing Chemical Probes. Chemistry 2016; 22:12884-90. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hamagami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Material and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1-H101 Ookayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Motofumi Kumazoe
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Faculty of Agriculture; Kyushu University; 6-10-1 Hakozaki Fukuoka 812-8581 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- RIKEN-Max-Planck Joint Research Center, for Systems Chemical Biology; RIKEN Global Research Cluster; 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Shinichiro Fuse
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Material and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1-H101 Ookayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tachibana
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Faculty of Agriculture; Kyushu University; 6-10-1 Hakozaki Fukuoka 812-8581 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Material and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1-H101 Ookayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
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13
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Mende M, Bednarek C, Wawryszyn M, Sauter P, Biskup MB, Schepers U, Bräse S. Chemical Synthesis of Glycosaminoglycans. Chem Rev 2016; 116:8193-255. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mende
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christin Bednarek
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mirella Wawryszyn
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Paul Sauter
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Moritz B. Biskup
- Division
2—Informatics, Economics and Society, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ute Schepers
- Institute
of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute
of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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14
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Mohamed S, Krenske EH, Ferro V. The stereoselectivities of tributyltin hydride-mediated reductions of 5-bromo-D-glucuronides to L-iduronides are dependent on the anomeric substituent: syntheses and DFT calculations. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2950-60. [PMID: 26878700 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00283h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the shortest synthetic routes to L-iduronic acid derivatives is via free radical reduction of the C-5 bromide of the corresponding protected D-glucuronic acid derivative. The epimerization of such C-5 bromides to the L-ido derivatives via reaction with tributyltin hydride was investigated. It was found that the stereoselectivity of the reaction was dependent on the anomeric substituent. If the substituent was fluoride the L-ido product was obtained exclusively in 65-72% yield whereas the O-methyl or O-acetyl derivatives led to isomeric mixtures of both the L-ido and D-gluco products in different ratios depending on the reaction conditions. DFT calculations were performed to determine the stereoelectronic factors that favour formation of the L-ido isomer from the fluoride and suggest the selectivity is due to a transition state gauche effect and an Sn-F interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifaza Mohamed
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth H Krenske
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Vito Ferro
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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15
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Solera C, Macchione G, Maza S, Kayser MM, Corzana F, de Paz JL, Nieto PM. Chondroitin Sulfate Tetrasaccharides: Synthesis, Three-Dimensional Structure and Interaction with Midkine. Chemistry 2016; 22:2356-69. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Solera
- Glycosystems Laboratory; Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); cicCartuja, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla; Americo Vespucio, 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Giuseppe Macchione
- Glycosystems Laboratory; Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); cicCartuja, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla; Americo Vespucio, 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Susana Maza
- Glycosystems Laboratory; Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); cicCartuja, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla; Americo Vespucio, 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - M. Mar Kayser
- Glycosystems Laboratory; Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); cicCartuja, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla; Americo Vespucio, 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento de Química; Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química; Universidad de La Rioja; Madre de Dios, 51 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - José L. de Paz
- Glycosystems Laboratory; Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); cicCartuja, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla; Americo Vespucio, 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Pedro M. Nieto
- Glycosystems Laboratory; Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); cicCartuja, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla; Americo Vespucio, 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
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16
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Xu P, Laval S, Guo Z, Yu B. Microwave-assisted simultaneous O,N-sulfonation in the synthesis of heparin-like oligosaccharides. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00320b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous O,N-sulfonation of heparin-like saccharides was achieved in short reaction times and excellent yields (>90%) under microwave irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Stephane Laval
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Zheng Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- ShanghaiTech University
- Shanghai 201210
- China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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17
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Dai X, Liu W, Zhou Q, Cheng C, Yang C, Wang S, Zhang M, Tang P, Song H, Zhang D, Qin Y. Formal Synthesis of Anticoagulant Drug Fondaparinux Sodium. J Org Chem 2015; 81:162-84. [PMID: 26650028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The practical formal synthesis of the anticoagulant drug fondaparinux sodium 1 was accomplished using an optimized modular synthetic strategy. The important pentasaccharide 2, a precursor for the synthesis of fondaparinux sodium, was synthesized on a 10 g scale in 14 collective steps with 3.5% overall yield from well-functionalized monosaccharide building blocks. The strategy involved a convergent [3 + 2] coupling approach, with excellent stereoselectivity in every step of glycosylation from the monosaccharide building blocks. Efficient routes to the syntheses of these fully functionalized building blocks were developed, minimizing oligosaccharide stage functional-group modifications. The syntheses of all building blocks avoided rigorous reaction conditions and the use of expensive reagents. In addition, common intermediates and a series of one-pot reactions were employed to enhance synthetic efficiency, improving the yield considerably. In the monosaccharide-to-oligosaccharide assembly reactions, cheaper activators (e.g., NIS/TfOH, TESOTf, and TfOH) were used to facilitate highly efficient glycosylations. Furthermore, crystallization of several monosaccharide and oligosaccharide intermediates significantly simplified purification procedures, which would be greatly beneficial to the scalable synthesis of fondaparinux sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Dai
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Qilong Zhou
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Chunwei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Shuqing Wang
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Pei Tang
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Hao Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
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18
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Mohamed S, Ferro V. Synthetic Approaches to L-Iduronic Acid and L-Idose: Key Building Blocks for the Preparation of Glycosaminoglycan Oligosaccharides. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2015; 72:21-61. [PMID: 26613814 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
L-Iduronic acid (IdoA) is an important monosaccharide component of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as heparin, heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate. GAGs are complex, highly sulfated polysaccharides that mediate a multitude of physiological and pathological processes via their interactions with a range of diverse proteins. The main challenge in the synthesis of GAG oligosaccharides is the efficient gram-scale preparation of IdoA building blocks since neither IdoA nor L-idose is commercially available or readily accessible from natural sources. In this review, the different synthetic approaches for the preparation of IdoA and its derivatives, including L-idose, are presented and discussed. Derivatives of the latter are often used in GAG synthesis and are elaborated to IdoA via selective oxidation at C-6 after incorporation into a GAG chain. Particular focus will be given to the preparation of IdoA synthons most commonly used for GAG oligosaccharide synthesis, and on the progress made since the last systematic review in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifaza Mohamed
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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19
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Hansen SU, Miller GJ, Cliff MJ, Jayson GC, Gardiner JM. Making the longest sugars: a chemical synthesis of heparin-related [4] n oligosaccharides from 16-mer to 40-mer. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6158-6164. [PMID: 30090231 PMCID: PMC6054106 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02091c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of long oligosaccharides remains a major challenge. In particular, the synthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) oligosaccharides belonging to the heparin and heparan sulfate (H/HS) family has been a high profile target, particularly with respect to the longer heparanome. Herein we describe a synthesis of the longest heparin-related oligosaccharide to date and concurrently provide an entry to the longest synthetic oligosaccharides of any type yet reported. Specifically, the iterative construction of a series of [4] n -mer heparin-backbone oligosaccharides ranging from 16-mer through to the 40-mer in length is described. This demonstrates for the first time the viability of generating long sequence heparanoids by chemical synthesis, via practical solution-phase synthesis. Pure-Shift HSQC NMR provides a dramatic improvement in anomeric signal resolution, allowing full resolution of all 12 anomeric protons and extrapolation to support anomeric integrity of the longer species. A chemically pure 6-O-desfulfated GlcNS-IdoAS icosasaccharide (20-mer) represents the longest pure synthetic heparin-like oligosaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steen U Hansen
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , M1 7DN , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)161 306 4530
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , M1 7DN , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)161 306 4530
| | - Matthew J Cliff
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Faculty of Life Sciences , The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , Manchester M1 7DN , UK
| | - Gordon C Jayson
- Institute or Cancer Studies , University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - John M Gardiner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , M1 7DN , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)161 306 4530
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20
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikael Bols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Hansen SU, Dalton CE, Baráth M, Kwan G, Raftery J, Jayson GC, Miller GJ, Gardiner JM. Synthesis of l-Iduronic Acid Derivatives via [3.2.1] and [2.2.2] l-Iduronic Lactones from Bulk Glucose-Derived Cyanohydrin Hydrolysis: A Reversible Conformationally Switched Superdisarmed/Rearmed Lactone Route to Heparin Disaccharides. J Org Chem 2015; 80:3777-89. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502776f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steen U. Hansen
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology and the School of Chemistry, 131 Princess Street, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Charlotte E. Dalton
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology and the School of Chemistry, 131 Princess Street, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Marek Baráth
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology and the School of Chemistry, 131 Princess Street, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Glenn Kwan
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology and the School of Chemistry, 131 Princess Street, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - James Raftery
- The
School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Gordon C. Jayson
- Institute
of Cancer Sciences, Christie Hospital and University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, U.K
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology and the School of Chemistry, 131 Princess Street, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
- The
School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - John M. Gardiner
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology and the School of Chemistry, 131 Princess Street, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
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22
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Huang TY, Zulueta MML, Hung SC. Regioselective one-pot protection, protection-glycosylation and protection-glycosylation-glycosylation of carbohydrates: a case study with D-glucose. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:376-82. [PMID: 24263464 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined oligosaccharides are important requirements in evaluating structure-activity relationships to decipher the roles of carbohydrates in various physiological processes. These oligosaccharides are accessed mainly through chemical synthesis, which nonetheless remains a huge undertaking despite the many advances in recent years. A combinatorial and regioselective one-pot protection strategy was previously disclosed by us to reduce the effort and wastes associated with carbohydrate synthesis. With the tetra-trimethylsilylated 4-methylphenyl thioglucoside as the starting material, we herein show the one-pot preparations of diols, triols and fully protected derivatives of thioglucosides, and, more importantly, we generated building blocks in situ that effectively acted as glycosyl donors and glycosyl acceptors for further coupling with other monosaccharide building blocks. Our one-pot protection-glycosylation and protection-glycosylation-glycosylation approaches made use of the perceived reactivity differences between thioglycoside donors to conveniently supply disaccharide and trisaccharide skeletons as well as the backbone of a recently discovered compatible solute from two thermophilic bacteria of the Petrotoga species. The demonstrated protocol is another step in reducing the enormous work in carbohydrate synthesis and efficiently delivering sugar constructs for application in other areas of glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Yi Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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23
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Chang CH, Lico LS, Huang TY, Lin SY, Chang CL, Arco SD, Hung SC. Synthesis of the heparin-based anticoagulant drug fondaparinux. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9876-9. [PMID: 25044485 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide based on the heparin antithrombin-binding domain, is an approved clinical anticoagulant. Although it is a better and safer alternative to pharmaceutical heparins in many cases, its high cost, which results from the difficult and tedious synthesis, is a deterrent for its widespread use. The chemical synthesis of fondaparinux was achieved in an efficient and concise manner from commercially available D-glucosamine, diacetone α-D-glucose, and penta-O-acetyl-D-glucose. The method involves suitably functionalized building blocks that are readily accessible and employs shared intermediates and a series of one-pot reactions that considerably reduce the synthetic effort and improve the yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsiu Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115 (Taiwan); Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300 (Taiwan)
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24
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Chang CH, Lico LS, Huang TY, Lin SY, Chang CL, Arco SD, Hung SC. Synthesis of the Heparin-Based Anticoagulant Drug Fondaparinux. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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25
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Mohamed S, Bernhardt PV, Ferro V. Attempted Synthesis of the Imidazylate of an α-Hydroxylactone Results in Unexpected Chlorination: Synthesis and X-Ray Crystal Structure of 5-Chloro-5-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-β-l-idurono-6,3-lactone. J Carbohydr Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2014.907908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shifaza Mohamed
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul V. Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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26
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Xu P, Xu W, Dai Y, Yang Y, Yu B. Efficient synthesis of a library of heparin tri- and tetrasaccharides relevant to the substrate of heparanase. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00039k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A robust glycosylation protocol was fixed to construct the GlcN–(1α→4)-GlcA/IdoA linkagesen routeto heparin oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weichang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanwei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
| | - You Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
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27
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Tetrasaccharide iteration synthesis of a heparin-like dodecasaccharide and radiolabelling for in vivo tissue distribution studies. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2016. [PMID: 23828390 PMCID: PMC3715853 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin-like oligosaccharides mediate numerous important biological interactions, of which many are implicated in various diseases. Synthetic improvements are central to the development of such oligosaccharides as therapeutics and, in addition, there are no methods to elucidate the pharmacokinetics of structurally defined heparin-like oligosaccharides. Here we report an efficient two-cycle [4+4+4] tetrasaccharide-iteration-based approach for rapid chemical synthesis of a structurally defined heparin-related dodecasaccharide, combined with the incorporation of a latent aldehyde tag, unmasked in the final step of chemical synthesis, providing a generic end group for labelling/conjugation. We exploit this latent aldehyde tag for 3H radiolabelling to provide the first example of this kind of agent for monitoring in vivo tissue distribution and in vivo stability of a biologically active, structurally defined heparin related dodecasaccharide. Such studies are critical for the development of related saccharide therapeutics, and the data here establish that a biologically active, synthetic, heparin-like dodecasaccharide provides good organ distribution, and serum lifetimes relevant to developing future oligosaccharide therapeutics. Heparin-like oligosaccharides are implicated in various diseases. Hansen et al. report an efficient two-cycle [4+4+4] tetrasaccharide-iteration-based approach to synthesize a structurally defined heparin dodecasaccharide with a latent aldehyde tag for labelling and conjugation.
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28
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Zulueta MML, Lin SY, Hu YP, Hung SC. Synthetic heparin and heparan sulfate oligosaccharides and their protein interactions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:1023-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Hung TJ, Chang WT, Tomiya N, Lee YC, Chang HT, Chen CJ, Kuo PH, Fan TC, Chang MDT. Basic amino acid residues of human eosinophil derived neurotoxin essential for glycosaminoglycan binding. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:19067-85. [PMID: 24065103 PMCID: PMC3794821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140919067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human eosinophil derived neurotoxin (EDN), a granule protein secreted by activated eosinophils, is a biomarker for asthma in children. EDN belongs to the human RNase A superfamily possessing both ribonucleolytic and antiviral activities. EDN interacts with heparin oligosaccharides and heparin sulfate proteoglycans on bronchial epithelial Beas-2B cells. In this study, we demonstrate that the binding of EDN to cells requires cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and the binding strength between EDN and GAGs depends on the sulfation levels of GAGs. Furthermore, in silico computer modeling and in vitro binding assays suggest critical roles for the following basic amino acids located within heparin binding regions (HBRs) of EDN 34QRRCKN39 (HBR1), 65NKTRKN70 (HBR2), and 113NRDQRRD119 (HBR3) and in particular Arg35, Arg36, and Arg38 within HBR1, and Arg114 and Arg117 within HBR3. Our data suggest that sulfated GAGs play a major role in EDN binding, which in turn may be related to the cellular effects of EDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Jen Hung
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; E-Mails: (T.-J.H.); (W.-T.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-J.C.); (P.-H.K.)
| | - Wei-Tang Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; E-Mails: (T.-J.H.); (W.-T.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-J.C.); (P.-H.K.)
| | - Noboru Tomiya
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Yuan-Chuan Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; E-Mails: (T.-J.H.); (W.-T.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-J.C.); (P.-H.K.)
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Hao-Teng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Chien-Jung Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; E-Mails: (T.-J.H.); (W.-T.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-J.C.); (P.-H.K.)
| | - Ping-Hsueh Kuo
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; E-Mails: (T.-J.H.); (W.-T.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-J.C.); (P.-H.K.)
| | - Tan-chi Fan
- Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Margaret Dah-Tsyr Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; E-Mails: (T.-J.H.); (W.-T.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (C.-J.C.); (P.-H.K.)
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-3-574-2463; Fax: +886-3-571-5934
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30
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Schwörer R, Zubkova OV, Turnbull JE, Tyler PC. Synthesis of a targeted library of heparan sulfate hexa- to dodecasaccharides as inhibitors of β-secretase: potential therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease. Chemistry 2013; 19:6817-23. [PMID: 23553710 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfates (HS) are a class of sulfated polysaccharides that function as dynamic biological regulators of the functions of diverse proteins. The structural basis of these interactions, however, remains elusive, and chemical synthesis of defined structures represents a challenging but powerful approach for unravelling the structure-activity relationships of their complex sulfation patterns. HS has been shown to function as an inhibitor of the β-site cleaving enzyme β-secretase (BACE1), a protease responsible for generating the toxic Aβ peptides that accumulate in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with 6-O-sulfation identified as a key requirement. Here, we demonstrate a novel generic synthetic approach to HS oligosaccharides applied to production of a library of 16 hexa- to dodecasaccharides targeted at BACE1 inhibition. Screening of this library provided new insights into structure-activity relationships for optimal BACE1 inhibition, and yielded a number of potent non-anticoagulant BACE1 inhibitors with potential for development as leads for treatment of AD through lowering of Aβ peptide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Schwörer
- Carbohydrate Chemistry, Industrial Research, Ltd. P. O. Box 31310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
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31
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32
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In silico prediction and in vitro characterization of multifunctional human RNase3. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:170398. [PMID: 23484086 PMCID: PMC3581242 DOI: 10.1155/2013/170398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human ribonucleases A (hRNaseA) superfamily consists of thirteen members with high-structure similarities but exhibits divergent physiological functions other than RNase activity. Evolution of hRNaseA superfamily has gained novel functions which may be preserved in a unique region or domain to account for additional molecular interactions. hRNase3 has multiple functions including ribonucleolytic, heparan sulfate (HS) binding, cellular binding, endocytic, lipid destabilization, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities. In this study, three putative multifunctional regions, 34RWRCK38 (HBR1), 75RSRFR79 (HBR2), and 101RPGRR105 (HBR3), of hRNase3 have been identified employing in silico sequence analysis and validated employing in vitro activity assays. A heparin binding peptide containing HBR1 is characterized to act as a key element associated with HS binding, cellular binding, and lipid binding activities. In this study, we provide novel insights to identify functional regions of hRNase3 that may have implications for all hRNaseA superfamily members.
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33
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Zulueta MML, Zhong YQ, Hung SC. Synthesis of l-hexoses and their related biomolecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:3275-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc37733d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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34
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Miller GJ, Hansen SU, Avizienyte E, Rushton G, Cole C, Jayson GC, Gardiner JM. Efficient chemical synthesis of heparin-like octa-, deca- and dodecasaccharides and inhibition of FGF2- and VEGF165-mediated endothelial cell functions. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51217g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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35
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Hansen SU, Miller GJ, Jayson GC, Gardiner JM. First gram-scale synthesis of a heparin-related dodecasaccharide. Org Lett 2012; 15:88-91. [PMID: 23240767 DOI: 10.1021/ol303112y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The first example of a gram-scale synthesis of a structurally defined, heparin-related dodecasaccharide is reported. An iterative 14-step process using an iduronate donor disaccharide delivers >1g quantities of the dodecasaccharide sequence [GlcNS-IdoA2S](6)-OMe in 15% overall yield from the reducing terminal disaccharide, a 2 orders of magnitude increase in scale for access to synthetic heparanoid dodecasaccharide mimetics. The synthesis also delivers multigram amounts of the protected oligosaccharides from tetra- through to dodecasaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steen U Hansen
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, Faculty of EPS, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
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Hu YP, Zhong YQ, Chen ZG, Chen CY, Shi Z, Zulueta MML, Ku CC, Lee PY, Wang CC, Hung SC. Divergent synthesis of 48 heparan sulfate-based disaccharides and probing the specific sugar-fibroblast growth factor-1 interaction. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:20722-7. [PMID: 23240683 DOI: 10.1021/ja3090065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Several biological processes involve glycans, yet understanding their ligand specificities is impeded by their inherent diversity and difficult acquisition. Generating broad synthetic sugar libraries for bioevaluations is a powerful tool in unraveling glycan structural information. In the case of the widely distributed heparan sulfate (HS), however, the 48 theoretical possibilities for its repeating disaccharide call for synthetic approaches that should minimize the effort in an undoubtedly huge undertaking. Here we employed a divergent strategy to afford all 48 HS-based disaccharides from just two orthogonally protected disaccharide precursors. Different combinations and sequence of transformation steps were applied with many downstream intermediates leading up to multiple target products. With the full disaccharide library in hand, affinity screening with fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) revealed that four of the synthetic sugars bind to FGF-1. The molecular details of the interaction were further clarified through X-ray analysis of the sugar-protein cocrystals. The capability of comprehensive sugar libraries in providing key insights in glycan-ligand interaction is, thus, highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Hu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Filice M, Guisan JM, Terreni M, Palomo JM. Regioselective monodeprotection of peracetylated carbohydrates. Nat Protoc 2012; 7:1783-96. [PMID: 22955694 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2012.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This protocol describes the regioselective deprotection of single hydroxyls in peracetylated monosaccharides and disaccharides by enzymatic or chemoenzymatic strategies. The introduction of a one-pot enzymatic step by using immobilized biocatalysts obviates the requirement to carry out tedious workups and time-consuming purifications. By using this straightforward protocol, different per-O-acetylated glycopyranosides (mono- or disaccharides, 1-substituted or glycals) can be transformed into a whole set of differentially monodeprotected 1-alcohols, 3-alcohols, 4-alcohols and 6-alcohols in high yields. These tailor-made glycosyl acceptors can then be used for stereoselective glycosylation for oligosaccharide and glycoderivative synthesis. They have been successfully used as building blocks to synthesize tailor-made di- and trisaccharides involved in the structure of lacto-N-neo-tetraose and precursors of the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen T and the antitumoral drug peracetylated β-naphtyl-lactosamine. We are able to prepare a purified monoprotected carbohydrate in between 1 and 4 d. With this protocol, the small library of monodeprotected products can be synthesized in 1-2 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Filice
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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38
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Synthesis of disaccharides containing 6-deoxy-α-L-talose as potential heparan sulfate mimetics. Molecules 2012; 17:9790-802. [PMID: 22895025 PMCID: PMC6268951 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17089790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A 6-deoxy-α-L-talopyranoside acceptor was readily prepared from methyl α-L-rhamnopyranoside and glycosylated with thiogalactoside donors using NIS/TfOH as the promoter to give good yields of the desired a-linked disaccharide (69-90%). Glycosylation with a 2-azido-2-deoxy-D-glucosyl trichloroacetimidate donor was not completely stereoselective (α:β = 6:1), but the desired a-linked disaccharide could be isolated in good overall yield (60%) following conversion into its corresponding tribenzoate derivative. The disaccharides were designed to mimic the heparan sulfate (HS) disaccharide GlcN(2S,6S)-IdoA(2S). However, the intermediates readily derived from these disaccharides were not stable to the sulfonation/deacylation conditions required for their conversion into the target HS mimetics.
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Zulueta MML, Lin SY, Lin YT, Huang CJ, Wang CC, Ku CC, Shi Z, Chyan CL, Irene D, Lim LH, Tsai TI, Hu YP, Arco SD, Wong CH, Hung SC. α-Glycosylation by d-Glucosamine-Derived Donors: Synthesis of Heparosan and Heparin Analogues That Interact with Mycobacterial Heparin-Binding Hemagglutinin. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:8988-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ja302640p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Medel Manuel L. Zulueta
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City
1101, Philippines
| | - Shu-Yi Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jui Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chih Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Chu Ku
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Zhonghao Shi
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Chyan
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Ta-Hsueh
Road, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Deli Irene
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Ta-Hsueh
Road, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Hin Lim
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Ta-Hsueh
Road, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Peng Hu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Susan D. Arco
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City
1101, Philippines
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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