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Paz MM, Champeil E. Insight Into Factors Governing Formation, Synthesis and Stereochemical Configuration of DNA Adducts Formed by Mitomycins. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200193. [PMID: 36251922 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitomycin C, (MC), an antitumor drug used in the clinics, is a DNA alkylating agent. Inert in its native form, MC is reduced to reactive mitosenes in cellulo which undergo nucleophilic attack by DNA bases to form monoadducts as well as interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). These properties constitute the molecular basis for the cytotoxic effects of the drug. The mechanism of DNA alkylation by mitomycins has been studied for the past 30 years and, until recently, the consensus was that drugs of the mitomycins family mainly target CpG sequences in DNA. However, that paradigm was recently challenged. Here, we relate the latest research on both MC and dicarbamoylmitomycin C (DMC), a synthetic derivative of MC which has been used to investigate the regioselectivity of mitomycins DNA alkylation as well as the relationship between mitomycins reductive activation pathways and DNA adducts stereochemical configuration. We also review the different synthetic routes to access mitomycins nucleoside adducts and oligonucleotides containing MC/DMC DNA adducts located at a single position. Finally, we briefly describe the DNA structural modifications induced by MC and DMC adducts and how site specifically modified oligonucleotides have been used to elucidate the role each adduct plays in the drugs cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel M Paz
- Instituto de Materiais (iMATUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, 15782, Spain
| | - Elise Champeil
- Department of sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, 524 West 59th street, New York, NY, 10019, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, United States
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2
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Aguilar W, Paz MM, Vargas A, Zheng M, Cheng SY, Champeil E. Interdependent Sequence Selectivity and Diastereoselectivity in the Alkylation of DNA by Decarbamoylmitomycin C. Chemistry 2018; 24:13278-13289. [PMID: 29958326 PMCID: PMC7152928 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitomycin C (MC), an antitumor drug, and decarbamoylmitomycin C (DMC), a derivative of MC, alkylate DNA and form deoxyguanosine monoadducts and interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). Interestingly, in mammalian culture cells, MC forms primarily deoxyguanosine adducts with a 1"-R stereochemistry at the guanine-mitosene bond (1"-α) whereas DMC forms mainly adducts with a 1"-S stereochemistry (1"-β). The molecular basis for the stereochemical configuration exhibited by DMC has been investigated using biomimetic synthesis. Here, we present the results of our studies on the monoalkylation of DNA by DMC. We show that the formation of 1"-β-deoxyguanosine adducts requires bifunctional reductive activation of DMC, and that monofunctional activation only produces 1"-α-adducts. The stereochemistry of the deoxyguanosine adducts formed is also dependent on the regioselectivity of DNA alkylation and on the overall DNA CG content. Additionally, we found that temperature plays a determinant role in the regioselectivity of duplex DNA alkylation by mitomycins: At 0 °C, both deoxyadenosine (dA) and deoxyguanosine (dG) alkylation occur whereas at 37 °C, mitomycins alkylate dG preferentially. The new reaction protocols developed in our laboratory to investigate DMC-DNA alkylation raise the possibility that oligonucleotides containing DMC 1"-β-deoxyguanosine adducts at a specific site may be synthesized by a biomimetic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Aguilar
- Science Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, 524 West 59th street, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Manuel M Paz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago, de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anayatzinc Vargas
- Science Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, 524 West 59th street, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Maggie Zheng
- Science Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, 524 West 59th street, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Shu-Yuan Cheng
- Science Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, 524 West 59th street, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Elise Champeil
- Science Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, 524 West 59th street, New York, NY, 10019, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City, University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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3
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Sánchez-Murcia PA, Bueren-Calabuig JA, Camacho-Artacho M, Cortés-Cabrera Á, Gago F. Stepwise Simulation of 3,5-Dihydro-5-methylidene-4H-imidazol-4-one (MIO) Biogenesis in Histidine Ammonia-lyase. Biochemistry 2016; 55:5854-5864. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A. Sánchez-Murcia
- Área
de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas,
Unidad Asociada al IQM-CSIC, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Juan A. Bueren-Calabuig
- Área
de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas,
Unidad Asociada al IQM-CSIC, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Marta Camacho-Artacho
- Structural
Biology Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Cortés-Cabrera
- Área
de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas,
Unidad Asociada al IQM-CSIC, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Federico Gago
- Área
de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas,
Unidad Asociada al IQM-CSIC, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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4
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Bose A, Surugihalli C, Pande P, Champeil E, Basu AK. Comparative Error-Free and Error-Prone Translesion Synthesis of N(2)-2'-Deoxyguanosine Adducts Formed by Mitomycin C and Its Metabolite, 2,7-Diaminomitosene, in Human Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:933-9. [PMID: 27082015 PMCID: PMC4871107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Mitomycin C (MC) is a cytotoxic and
mutagenic antitumor agent that
alkylates DNA upon reductive activation. 2,7-Diaminomitosene (2,7-DAM)
is a major metabolite of MC in tumor cells, which also alkylates DNA.
MC forms seven DNA adducts, including monoadducts and inter- and intrastrand
cross-links, whereas 2,7-DAM forms two monoadducts. Herein, the biological
effects of the dG-N2 adducts formed by
MC and 2,7-DAM have been compared by constructing single-stranded
plasmids containing these adducts and replicating them in human embryonic
kidney 293T cells. Translesion synthesis (TLS) efficiencies of dG-N2-MC and dG-N2-2,7-DAM
were 38 ± 3 and 27 ± 3%, respectively, compared to that
of a control plasmid. This indicates that both adducts block DNA synthesis
and that dG-N2-2,7-DAM is a stronger replication
block than dG-N2-MC. TLS of each adducted
construct was reduced upon siRNA knockdown of pol η, pol κ,
or pol ζ. For both adducts, the most significant reduction occurred
with knockdown of pol κ, which suggests that pol κ plays
a major role in TLS of these dG-N2 adducts.
Analysis of the progeny showed that both adducts were mutagenic, and
the mutation frequencies (MF) of dG-N2-MC and dG-N2-2,7-DAM were 18 ±
3 and 10 ± 1%, respectively. For both adducts, the major type
of mutation was G → T transversions. Knockdown of pol η
and pol ζ reduced the MF of dG-N2-MC and dG-N2-2,7-DAM, whereas knockdown
of pol κ increased the MF of these adducts. This suggests that
pol κ predominantly carries out error-free TLS, whereas pol
η and pol ζ are involved in error-prone TLS. The largest
reduction in MF by 78 and 80%, respectively, for dG-N2-MC and dG-N2-2,7-DAM constructs
occurred when pol η, pol ζ, and Rev1 were simultaneously
knocked down. This result strongly suggests that, unlike pol κ,
these three TLS polymerases cooperatively perform the error-prone
TLS of these adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Bose
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Chaitra Surugihalli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Paritosh Pande
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Elise Champeil
- Department of Science, John Jay College of Criminal Justice , New York, New York 10019, United States
| | - Ashis K Basu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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Champeil E, Cheng SY, Huang BT, Conchero-Guisan M, Martinez T, Paz MM, Sapse AM. Synthesis of Mitomycin C and Decarbamoylmitomycin C N(2) deoxyguanosine-adducts. Bioorg Chem 2016; 65:90-9. [PMID: 26894558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitomycin C (MC) and Decarbamoylmitomycin C (DMC) - a derivative of MC lacking the carbamate on C10 - are DNA alkylating agents. Their cytotoxicity is attributed to their ability to generate DNA monoadducts as well as intrastrand and interstrand cross-links (ICLs). The major monoadducts generated by MC and DMC in tumor cells have opposite stereochemistry at carbon one of the guanine-mitosene bond: trans (or alpha) for MC and cis (or beta) for DMC. We hypothesize that local disruptions of DNA structure from trans or cis adducts are responsible for the different biochemical responses produced by MC and DMC. Access to DNA substrates bearing cis and trans MC/DMC lesions is essential to verify this hypothesis. Synthetic oligonucleotides bearing trans lesions can be obtained by bio-mimetic methods. However, this approach does not yield cis adducts. This report presents the first chemical synthesis of a cis mitosene DNA adduct. We also examined the stereopreference exhibited by the two drugs at the mononucleotide level by analyzing the formation of cis and trans adducts in the reaction of deoxyguanosine with MC or DMC using a variety of activation conditions. In addition, we performed Density Functional Theory calculations to evaluate the energies of these reactions. Direct alkylation under autocatalytic or bifunctional conditions yielded preferentially alpha adducts with both MC and DMC. DFT calculations showed that under bifunctional activation, the thermodynamically favored adducts are alpha, trans, for MC and beta, cis, for DMC. This suggests that the duplex DNA structure may stabilize/oriente the activated pro-drugs so that, with DMC, formation of the thermodynamically favored beta products are possible in a cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Champeil
- John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, 524 West 59th Street, New York, NY 10019, USA; The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Shu-Yuan Cheng
- John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, 524 West 59th Street, New York, NY 10019, USA; The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Bik Tzu Huang
- John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, 524 West 59th Street, New York, NY 10019, USA.
| | - Marta Conchero-Guisan
- John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, 524 West 59th Street, New York, NY 10019, USA.
| | - Thibaut Martinez
- John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, 524 West 59th Street, New York, NY 10019, USA.
| | - Manuel M Paz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Anne-Marie Sapse
- John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, 524 West 59th Street, New York, NY 10019, USA.
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Kim TM, Son MY, Dodds S, Hu L, Luo G, Hasty P. RECQL5 and BLM exhibit divergent functions in cells defective for the Fanconi anemia pathway. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:893-903. [PMID: 25520194 PMCID: PMC4333386 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) patients exhibit bone marrow failure, developmental defects and cancer. The FA pathway maintains chromosomal stability in concert with replication fork maintenance and DNA double strand break (DSB) repair pathways including RAD51-mediated homologous recombination (HR). RAD51 is a recombinase that maintains replication forks and repairs DSBs, but also rearranges chromosomes. Two RecQ helicases, RECQL5 and Bloom syndrome mutated (BLM) suppress HR through nonredundant mechanisms. Here we test the impact deletion of RECQL5 and BLM has on mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells deleted for FANCB, a member of the FA core complex. We show that RECQL5, but not BLM, conferred resistance to mitomycin C (MMC, an interstrand crosslinker) and camptothecin (CPT, a type 1 topoisomerase inhibitor) in FANCB-defective cells. RECQL5 suppressed, while BLM caused, breaks and radials in FANCB-deleted cells exposed to CPT or MMC, respectively. RECQL5 protected the nascent replication strand from MRE11-mediated degradation and restarted stressed replication forks in a manner additive to FANCB. By contrast BLM restarted, but did not protect, replication forks in a manner epistatic to FANCB. RECQL5 also lowered RAD51 levels in FANCB-deleted cells at stressed replication sites implicating a rearrangement avoidance mechanism. Thus, RECQL5 and BLM impact FANCB-defective cells differently in response to replication stress with relevance to chemotherapeutic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Moon Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Biotechnology, The Barshop Center of Aging, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Mi Young Son
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Biotechnology, The Barshop Center of Aging, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Sherry Dodds
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Biotechnology, The Barshop Center of Aging, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Lingchuan Hu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Biotechnology, The Barshop Center of Aging, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Guangbin Luo
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, BRB-720, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Paul Hasty
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Biotechnology, The Barshop Center of Aging, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
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Martínez S, Pérez L, Galmarini CM, Aracil M, Tercero JC, Gago F, Albella B, Bueren JA. Inhibitory effects of marine-derived DNA-binding anti-tumour tetrahydroisoquinolines on the Fanconi anaemia pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:871-82. [PMID: 23937566 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We have previously shown that cells with a defective Fanconi anaemia (FA) pathway are hypersensitive to trabectedin, a DNA-binding anti-cancer tetrahydroisoquinoline (DBAT) whose adducts functionally mimic a DNA inter-strand cross link (ICL). Here we expand these observations to new DBATs and investigate whether our findings in primary untransformed cells can be reproduced in human cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Initially, the sensitivity of transformed and untransformed cells, deficient or not in one component of the FA pathway, to mitomycin C (MMC) and three DBATs, trabectedin, Zalypsis and PM01183, was assessed. Then, the functional interaction of these drugs with the FA pathway was comparatively investigated. KEY RESULTS While untransformed FA-deficient haematopoietic cells were hypersensitive to both MMC and DBATs, the response of FA-deficient squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells to DBATs was similar to that of their respective FA-competent counterparts, even though these FA-deficient SCC cells were hypersensitive to MMC. Furthermore, while MMC always activated the FA pathway, the DBATs inhibited the FA pathway in the cancer cell lines tested and this enhanced their response to MMC. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data show that although DBATs functionally interact with DNA as do agents that generate classical ICL, these drugs should be considered as FA pathway inhibitors rather than activators. Moreover, this effect was most significant in a variety of cancer cells. These inhibitory effects of DBATs on the FA pathway could be exploited clinically with the aim of 'fanconizing' cancer cells in order to make them more sensitive to other anti-tumour drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martínez
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-28040, Madrid, Spain; Pharmamar S.A., Avda. de los Reyes, 1 - Pol. Ind. La Mina, E-28770, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain
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Molecular simulations of drug–receptor complexes in anticancer research. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:1961-70. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular modeling and computer simulation techniques have matured significantly in recent years and proved their value in the study of drug–DNA, drug–DNA–protein, drug–protein and protein–protein interactions. Evolution in this area has gone hand-in-hand with an increased availability of structural data on biological macromolecules, major advances in molecular mechanics force fields and considerable improvements in computer technologies, most significantly processing speeds, multiprocessor programming and data-storage capacity. The information derived from molecular simulations of drug–receptor complexes can be used to extract structural and energetic information that is usually beyond current experimental possibilities, provide independent accounts of experimentally observed behavior, help in the interpretation of biochemical or pharmacological results, and open new avenues for research by posing novel relevant questions that can guide the design of new experiments. As drug-screening tools, ligand- and fragment-docking platforms stand out as powerful techniques that can provide candidate molecules for hit and lead development. This review provides an overall perspective of the main methods and focuses on some selected applications to both classical and novel anticancer targets.
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Synthesis of a major mitomycin C DNA adduct via a triaminomitosene. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7198-200. [PMID: 23079525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis of two amino precursors for the production of mitomycin C and 10-decarbamoylmitomycin C DNA adducts with opposite stereochemistry at C-1. The triamino mitosene precursors were synthesized in 5 steps from mitomycin C. In addition synthesis of the major mitomycin C-DNA adduct has been accomplished via coupling of a triaminomitosene with 2-fluoro-O(6)-(2-p-nitrophenylethyl)deoxyinosine followed by deprotection at the N(2) and O(6) positions.
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Paz MM, Pritsos CA. The Molecular Toxicology of Mitomycin C. ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY VOLUME 6 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59389-4.00007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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