1
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Jung HJ, Nyamayaro K, Baalbaki HA, Goonesinghe C, Mehrkhodavandi P. Cooperative Initiation in a Dinuclear Indium Complex for CO 2 Epoxide Copolymerization. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1968-1977. [PMID: 36688644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dinuclear indium complexes have been synthesized and characterized. These include neutral and cationic indium complexes supported by a Schiff base ligand bearing a binaphthol linker. The new compounds were investigated for alternating copolymerization of CO2 and cyclohexene oxide. In particular, the neutral indium chloride complex (±)-[(ONapNiN)InCl2]2 (4) showed high conversion of cyclohexene oxide and selectivity for poly(cyclohexene carbonate) formation without cocatalysts at 80 °C under various CO2 pressures (2-30 bar). Importantly, the reactivity of the dinuclear indium chloride complex 4 is drastically different from that of the mononuclear indium chloride complex (±)-(NNiOtBu)InCl2 (5), suggesting a cooperative initiation mechanism involving the two indium centers in 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk-Joon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kudzanai Nyamayaro
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hassan A Baalbaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chatura Goonesinghe
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Parisa Mehrkhodavandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
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2
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Diaz C, Fu J, Soobrattee S, Cao L, Nyamayaro K, Goonesinghe C, Patrick BO, Mehrkhodavandi P. Comparison of Imine- and Phosphinimine-Supported Indium Complexes: Tuning the Reactivity for the Sequential and Simultaneous Copolymerization of Lactide and ε-Caprolactone. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:3763-3773. [PMID: 35171588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Imine- and phosphinimine-supported indium complexes were used as catalysts in the polymerization of racemic lactide and ε-caprolactone as well as their copolymerization by the sequential and simultaneous addition of monomers. Tuning the electronics and sterics of the indium centers by either (i) changing the nature of the nitrogen donors and (ii) coordinating a hemilabile side group had a significant effect on the reactivity of the complexes, their stability, and their control in the synthesis of block copolymers. Specifically, the imine-supported complex (5) showed the highest activity in the homo- and copolymerization of the cyclic esters, in contrast to the phosphinimine-supported complex (7), which was significantly slower and less stable. The presence of morpholine and thiomorpholine hemilabile side groups either reduced the activity or prevented the formation of alkoxide complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Diaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jane Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Shazia Soobrattee
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Lirong Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kudzanai Nyamayaro
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Chatura Goonesinghe
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Brian O Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Parisa Mehrkhodavandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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3
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Dutra GVS, Silvério Neto W, Araújo PHHD, Sayer C, Silveira Neto BAD, Machado F. Cationic polymerization of styrene using iron-containing ionic liquid catalysts in an aqueous dispersed medium. POLIMEROS 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.04620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Ghosh S, Glöckler E, Wölper C, Tjaberings A, Gröschel AH, Schulz S. Active Ga-catalysts for the ring opening homo- and copolymerization of cyclic esters, and copolymerization of epoxide and anhydrides. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13475-13486. [PMID: 32966460 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02831b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of gallium complexes L12Ga4Me8 (1), L22Ga4Me8 (2), and L32Ga4Me8 (3) was synthesized by reaction of GaMe3 with Schiff base ligands L1-3H2 (L1H2 = 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-{[(3-hydroxypropyl)imino]methyl}phenol; L2H2 = 2,4-dichloro-6-{[(3-hydroxypropyl)imino]methyl}phenol; L3H2 = 4-tert-butyl-2-{[(3-hydroxypropyl)imino]methyl}phenol) and characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray analysis (1, 2), proving their tetranuclear structure in the solid state. Complexes 1-3 showed good catalytic activity in the ring opening homopolymerization (ROP) and ring opening copolymerization (ROcoP) of lactide (LA) and ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) in the presence of benzyl alcohol (BnOH) in toluene at 100 °C, yielding polymers with the expected average molecular weights (Mn) and narrow molecular weight distributions (MWD), as well as a high isoselectivity for the ROP of rac-lactide (rac-LA), yielding isotactic-enriched PLAs with Pm values up to 0.78. Kinetic studies with complex 1 proved the first order dependence on monomer concentration, while mechanistic studies confirmed the coordination insertion mechanistic (CIM) pathway. Sequential addition of monomers gave well defined diblock copolymers of PCL-b-PLLA and PLLA-b-PCL, proving the living character of the polymerization reactions. The catalysts also showed perfect selectivity for the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) with both succinic anhydride (SA) and maleic anhydride (MA) in the presence of BnOH and produced >99% alternating block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Ghosh
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universitätsstr. 7, S07 S03 C30, D-45141 Essen, Germany.
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5
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Briand GG, Decken A, Shannon WE, Trevors EE. Synthesis, structural characterization, and reactivity of (thiolato)bismuth complexes as potential water-tolerant Lewis acid catalysts. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized bismuth complexes incorporating polydentate mono- and di-thiolate ligands and examined their utility as water-tolerant Lewis acid catalysts. The reaction of Bi(OAc)3 or Bi(NO3)3·5H2O and the corresponding mono- or di-thiol(ate) yielded the compounds [(SNNS)Bi(OAc)] (4), [(SNNSPr)Bi(OAc)] (5), [(NNS2)Bi(OAc)] (6), [(ONS2)Bi(OAc)] (7), [(ONS2)Bi(NO3)] (8), and [(NNS)2Bi][NO3] (9) [H2(SNNS) = N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)ethylenediamine; H2(SNNSPr) = N,N′-diethyl-N,N′-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)propanediamine; H2(NNS2) = N,N-diethyl-N′,N′-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)ethanediamine; H2(ONS2) = 2-methoxyethyl-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)amine; H(NNS) = N,N-diethyl-N′-(2-mercaptoethyl)ethanediamine]. The solid-state structures of 4–8 show similar distorted pentagonal pyramidal geometries at the bismuth centre with a thiolate sulfur atom in the axial site, whereas 8 shows second structural arrangement with a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry at bismuth. The cation of 9 shows two NNS-bonded ligands and a distorted octahedral geometry at bismuth. Two-dimensional NMR studies of 4–8 show geminal 1H coupling in –SCH2CH2N– groups and suggests strong dative Bi–N intramolecular interactions. Bi(NO3)3·5H2O and BiCl3 show high activity toward the esterification of stearic acid, Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, and 4–7 and 9 show high activity toward the transesterification of methyl stearate in butanol, and 7 shows moderate activity as a catalyst for the transesterification of glyceryl trioctanoate in methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen G. Briand
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G8, Canada
| | - Andreas Decken
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 6E2, Canada
| | - Whitney E.M.M. Shannon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G8, Canada
| | - Eric E. Trevors
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G8, Canada
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6
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Jung HJ, Chang C, Yu I, Aluthge DC, Ebrahimi T, Mehrkhodavandi P. Coupling of Epoxides and Lactones by Cationic Indium Catalysts To Form Functionalized Spiro-Orthoesters. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk-Joon Jung
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Chen Chang
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Insun Yu
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Dinesh C. Aluthge
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Tannaz Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Parisa Mehrkhodavandi
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
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7
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Kita Y, Yata T, Nishimoto Y, Yasuda M. Indium Catalyzed Hydrofunctionalization of Styrene Derivatives Bearing a Hydroxy Group with Organosilicon Nucleophiles. J Org Chem 2018; 83:740-753. [PMID: 29226674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrofunctionalization is one of the most important transformation reactions of alkenes. Herein, we describe the development of an indium-triiodide-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization of alkenes bearing a hydroxy group using various types of organosilicon nucleophiles. Indium triiodide was the most effective catalyst, whereas typical Lewis acids such as TiCl4, AlCl3, and BF3·OEt2 were ineffective. Many functional groups were successfully introduced, and these resulted in yields of 31-86%. Various styrene derivatives were also applicable to this reaction. Mechanistic investigation revealed that the present hydrofunctionalization proceeded through Brønsted acid-catalyzed intramolecular hydroalkoxylation of alkenes followed by InI3-catalyzed substitution reaction of cyclic ether intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and ‡Frontier Research Base for Global Young Researchers, Center for Open Innovation Research and Education (COiRE), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Yata
- Department of Applied Chemistry and ‡Frontier Research Base for Global Young Researchers, Center for Open Innovation Research and Education (COiRE), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and ‡Frontier Research Base for Global Young Researchers, Center for Open Innovation Research and Education (COiRE), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and ‡Frontier Research Base for Global Young Researchers, Center for Open Innovation Research and Education (COiRE), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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8
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9
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Ebrahimi T, Aluthge DC, Patrick BO, Hatzikiriakos SG, Mehrkhodavandi P. Air- and Moisture-Stable Indium Salan Catalysts for Living Multiblock PLA Formation in Air. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Ebrahimi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada, V6T1Z1
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada, V6T1Z3
| | - Dinesh C. Aluthge
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada, V6T1Z1
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada, V6T1Z1
| | - Savvas G. Hatzikiriakos
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada, V6T1Z3
| | - Parisa Mehrkhodavandi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada, V6T1Z1
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10
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Kremer AB, Andrews RJ, Milner MJ, Zhang XR, Ebrahimi T, Patrick BO, Diaconescu PL, Mehrkhodavandi P. A Comparison of Gallium and Indium Alkoxide Complexes as Catalysts for Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:1375-1385. [PMID: 28103034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the metal size and Lewis acidity on the polymerization activity of group 13 metal complexes was studied, and it was shown that, within the same ligand family, indium complexes are far more reactive and selective than their gallium analogues. To this end, gallium and aluminum complexes supported by a tridentate diaminophenolate ligand, as well as gallium complexes supported by N,N'-ethylenebis(salicylimine)(salen) ligands, were synthesized and compared to their indium analogues. Using the tridentate ligand set, it was possible to isolate the gallium chloride complexes 3 and (±)-4 and the aluminum analogues 5 and (±)-6. The alkoxygallium complex (±)-2, supported by a salen ligand, was also prepared and characterized and, along with the three-component system GaCl3/BnOH/NEt3, was tested for the ring-opening polymerization of lactide and ε-caprolactone. The polymerization rates and selectivities of both systems were significantly lower than those for the indium analogues. The reaction of (±)-2 with 1 equiv of lactide forms the first insertion product, which is stable in solution and can be characterized at room temperature. In order to understand the differences of the reactivity within the group 13 metal complexes, a Lewis acidity study using triethylphosphine oxide (the Gutmann-Beckett method) was undertaken for a series of aluminum, gallium, and indium halide complexes; this study shows that indium halide complexes are less Lewis acidic than their aluminum and gallium analogues. Density functional theory calculations show that the Mulliken charges for the indium complexes are higher than those for the gallium analogues. These data suggest that the impact of ligands on the reactivity is more significant than that of the metal Lewis acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre B Kremer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan J Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew J Milner
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xu R Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tannaz Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian O Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paula L Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Parisa Mehrkhodavandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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11
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Chen C, Cui Y, Mao X, Pan X, Wu J. Suppressing Cyclic Polymerization for Isoselective Synthesis of High-Molecular-Weight Linear Polylactide Catalyzed by Sodium/Potassium Sulfonamidate Complexes. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Changjuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory
of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
- College
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Cui
- State Key Laboratory
of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Mao
- State Key Laboratory
of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Pan
- State Key Laboratory
of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jincai Wu
- State Key Laboratory
of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization
of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Kremer AB, Osten KM, Yu I, Ebrahimi T, Aluthge DC, Mehrkhodavandi P. Dinucleating Ligand Platforms Supporting Indium and Zinc Catalysts for Cyclic Ester Polymerization. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:5365-74. [PMID: 27187767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the first alkoxide-bridged indium complex supported by a chiral dinucleating ligand platform (1), along with its zinc analogue (2), is reported. Both complexes are synthesized in a one-pot reaction starting from a chiral dinucleating bis(diamino)phenolate ligand platform, sodium ethoxide, and respective metal salts. The dinucleating indium analogue (7) based on an achiral ligand backbone is also reported. Indium complexes bearing either the chiral or achiral ligand catalyze the ring-opening polymerization of racemic lactide (rac-LA) to afford highly heterotactic poly(lactic acid) (PLA; Pr > 0.85). The indium complex bearing an achiral ligand affords essentially atactic PLA from meso-LA. The role of the dinucleating ligand structure in catalyst synthesis and polymerization activity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre B Kremer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kimberly M Osten
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Insun Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tannaz Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Dinesh C Aluthge
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Parisa Mehrkhodavandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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13
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Aluthge DC, Ahn JM, Mehrkhodavandi P. Overcoming aggregation in indium salen catalysts for isoselective lactide polymerization. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5284-5292. [PMID: 29449930 PMCID: PMC5669251 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01584g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A methodology for controlling aggregation in highly active and isoselective indium catalysts for the ring opening polymerization of racemic lactide is reported. A series of racemic and enantiopure dinuclear indium ethoxide complexes bearing salen ligands [(ONNOR)InOEt]2 (R = Br, Me, admantyl, cumyl, t-Bu) were synthesized and fully characterized. Mononuclear analogues (ONNOR)InOCH2Pyr (R = Br, t-Bu, SiPh3) were synthesized by controlling aggregation with the use of chelating 2-pyridinemethoxide functionality. The nuclearity of metal complexes was confirmed using PGSE NMR spectroscopy. Detailed kinetic studies show a clear initiation period for these dinuclear catalysts, which is lacking in their mononuclear analogues. The polymerization behavior of analogous dinuclear and mononuclear compounds is identical and consistent with a mononuclear propagating species. The isotacticity of the resulting polymers was investigated using direct integration and peak deconvolution methodologies and the two were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Aluthge
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , BC V6T 1Z1 , Canada .
| | - J M Ahn
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , BC V6T 1Z1 , Canada .
| | - P Mehrkhodavandi
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall , Vancouver , BC V6T 1Z1 , Canada .
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14
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Xiong J, Zhang J, Sun Y, Dai Z, Pan X, Wu J. Iso-selective ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide catalyzed by crown ether complexes of sodium and potassium naphthalenolates. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:1737-43. [PMID: 25597469 DOI: 10.1021/ic502685f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two crown ether complexes of sodium and potassium naphthalenolates were synthesized and entirely characterized. The two complexes can iso-selectively catalyze the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of rac-lactide at room temperature and afford polylactides with desired molecular weights and narrow PDIs; the best isotacticity (Pm) achieved was 0.73.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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15
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Osten KM, Aluthge DC, Mehrkhodavandi P. The effect of steric changes on the isoselectivity of dinuclear indium catalysts for lactide polymerization. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:6126-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00222b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized diaminophenolates as ligands for dinuclear indium catalysts were investigated in the ring-opening polymerization of lactide. An increase in the steric bulk of the ligand phenolates decreases the selectivity of the catalysts due to catalyst dissociation during polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Osten
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - D. C. Aluthge
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - P. Mehrkhodavandi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
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16
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Osten KM, Aluthge DC, Patrick BO, Mehrkhodavandi P. Probing the Role of Secondary versus Tertiary Amine Donor Ligands for Indium Catalysts in Lactide Polymerization. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:9897-906. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501529f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M. Osten
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036
Main Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Dinesh C. Aluthge
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036
Main Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036
Main Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Parisa Mehrkhodavandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036
Main Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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17
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Banerjee S, Paira TK, Mandal TK. Control of Molecular Weight and Tacticity in Stereospecific Living Cationic Polymerization of α-Methylstyrene at 0 °C Using FeCl3
-Based Initiators: Effect of Tacticity on Thermal Properties. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Aluthge DC, Patrick BO, Mehrkhodavandi P. A highly active and site selective indium catalyst for lactide polymerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4295-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc33519k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Radchenko AV, Kostjuk SV, Ganachaud F. Cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether in aqueous media: physical chemistry tricks to fight against thermal runaway. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20945d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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21
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Cationic polymerization of styrene by the TiCl4/N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine(TMEDA) catalyst system in benzotrifluoride, an environmentally benign solvent, at room temperature. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pramanik M, Nandi M, Uyama H, Bhaumik A. Organic–inorganic hybrid tinphosphonate material with mesoscopic void spaces: an excellent catalyst for the radical polymerization of styrene. Catal Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cy00352j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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