1
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Li G, Wang H, Loes M, Saxena A, Yin J, Sarker M, Choi S, Aluru N, Lyding JW, Sinitskii A, Dong G. Hybrid Edge Results in Narrowed Band Gap: Bottom-up Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Bent N = 6/8 Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4297-4307. [PMID: 38253346 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Scalable fabrication of graphene nanoribbons with narrow band gaps has been a nontrivial challenge. Here, we have developed a simple approach to access narrow band gaps using hybrid edge structures. Bottom-up liquid-phase synthesis of bent N = 6/8 armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) has been achieved in high efficiency through copolymerization between an o-terphenyl monomer and a naphthalene-based monomer, followed by Scholl oxidation. An unexpected 1,2-aryl migration has been discovered, which is responsible for introducing kinked structures into the GNR backbones. The N = 6/8 AGNRs have been fully characterized to support the proposed structure and show a narrow band gap and a relatively high electrical conductivity. In addition, their application in efficient gas sensing has also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Hanfei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michael Loes
- Department of Chemistry, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Anshul Saxena
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jiangliang Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Mamun Sarker
- Department of Chemistry, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Shinyoung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Narayana Aluru
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Joseph W Lyding
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alexander Sinitskii
- Department of Chemistry, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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2
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Gu Y, Qiu Z, Müllen K. Nanographenes and Graphene Nanoribbons as Multitalents of Present and Future Materials Science. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11499-11524. [PMID: 35671225 PMCID: PMC9264366 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
As cut-outs from a graphene sheet, nanographenes (NGs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are ideal cases with which to connect the world of molecules with that of bulk carbon materials. While various top-down approaches have been developed to produce such nanostructures in high yields, in the present perspective, precision structural control is emphasized for the length, width, and edge structures of NGs and GNRs achieved by modern solution and on-surface syntheses. Their structural possibilities have been further extended from "flatland" to the three-dimensional world, where chirality and handedness are the jewels in the crown. In addition to properties exhibited at the molecular level, self-assembly and thin-film structures cannot be neglected, which emphasizes the importance of processing techniques. With the rich toolkit of chemistry in hand, NGs and GNRs can be endowed with versatile properties and functions ranging from stimulated emission to spintronics and from bioimaging to energy storage, thus demonstrating their multitalents in present and future materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Gu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Shenzhen
Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and
Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg
University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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3
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Zhu Y, Li E, Shen K, Hang X, Bonnesen PV, Hong K, Zhang H, Huang W. Intramolecular Catalyst Transfer over Sterically Hindered Arenes in Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Xing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P.R. China
| | - En‐Ci Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P.R. China
| | - Kang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Hang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P.R. China
| | - Peter V. Bonnesen
- Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831
| | - Kunlun Hong
- Center for Nanophase Materials SciencesOak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831
| | - Hong‐Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P.R. China
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4
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Sayah A, Habelhames F, Bahloul A, Nessark B, Bonnassieux Y, Tendelier D, El Jouad M. Electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline-exfoliated graphene composite films and their capacitance properties. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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5
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Sen CP, Valiyaveettil S. Soluble Graphene Nanoribbons from Planarization of Oligophenylenes. Chemistry 2017; 23:1686-1693. [PMID: 27897361 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A solution-based chemical synthesis of two graphene nanoribbons with armchair edges is reported. The precursor oligophenylene molecules are synthesized and subjected to oxidative cyclodehydrogenation to afford the target molecules, G-1 and G-2. These molecules have good solubility in organic solvents, and show a large redshift in their absorption edge (up to 185 nm) and emission maximum (up to 125 nm) after planarization. Fibrous structures are formed upon self-assembly of molecules through columnar π-π stacking. Such molecular assemblies may be useful for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong Ping Sen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Suresh Valiyaveettil
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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6
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Grübel M, Meister S, Schulze U, Raftopoulos KN, Baumer F, Papadakis CM, Nilges T, Rieger B. Synthesis of Diisocyanate-Containing Thiophenes and Their Use in PDMS-Based Segmented Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Grübel
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstr 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Simon Meister
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstr 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Ulrich Schulze
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstr 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | | | - Franziska Baumer
- Arbeitskreis für Synthese und Charakterisierung innovativer Materialien; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Christine M. Papadakis
- Fachgebiet Physik weicher Materie; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Str. 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Tom Nilges
- Arbeitskreis für Synthese und Charakterisierung innovativer Materialien; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstr 4 85747 Garching Germany
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7
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Hasegawa T, Aoyagi K, Ashizawa M, Konosu Y, Kawauchi S, Sariciftci NS, Matsumoto H. Quinoxalineimide as a Novel Electron-accepting Building Block for Organic Optoelectronics. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Hasegawa
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Koutarou Aoyagi
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Minoru Ashizawa
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Yuichi Konosu
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Susumu Kawauchi
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | | | - Hidetoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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8
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Goto E, Mori H, Ueda M, Higashihara T. Controlled Polymerization of Electron-deficient Naphthalene-diimide Containing Monomer by Negishi-type Catalyst-transfer Polymerization. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2015. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.28.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Goto
- Department of Polymer Science, Engineering and Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University
- Research Fellowship of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
| | - Hideharu Mori
- Department of Polymer Science, Engineering and Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University
| | - Mitsuru Ueda
- Department of Polymer Science, Engineering and Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department of Polymer Science, Engineering and Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO
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9
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Feng X, Chen N, Zhou J, Li Y, Huang Z, Zhang L, Ma Y, Wang L, Yan X. Facile synthesis of shape-controlled graphene–polyaniline composites for high performance supercapacitor electrode materials. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01843e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The shape-controlled graphene–PANI nanocomposites showing excellent performance as supercapacitor electrode materials were successfully prepared by a facile hydrothermal method without any surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomiao Feng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials
- National Jiangsu Syngerstic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Ningna Chen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials
- National Jiangsu Syngerstic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials
- National Jiangsu Syngerstic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials
- National Jiangsu Syngerstic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Zhendong Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials
- National Jiangsu Syngerstic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials
- National Jiangsu Syngerstic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Yanwen Ma
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials
- National Jiangsu Syngerstic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials
- National Jiangsu Syngerstic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications
- Nanjing 210023
- China
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10
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Narita A, Feng X, Müllen K. Bottom-up synthesis of chemically precise graphene nanoribbons. CHEM REC 2014; 15:295-309. [PMID: 25414146 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we describe our chemical approach, developed over the course of a decade, towards the bottom-up synthesis of structurally well-defined graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). GNR synthesis can be achieved through two different methods, one being a solution-phase process based on conventional organic chemistry and the other invoking surface-assisted fabrication, employing modern physics methodologies. In both methods, rationally designed monomers are polymerized to form non-planar polyphenylene precursors, which are "graphitized" and "planarized" by solution-mediated or surface-assisted cyclodehydrogenation. Through these methods, a variety of GNRs have been synthesized with different widths, lengths, edge structures, and degrees of heteroatom doping, featuring varying (opto)electronic properties. The ability to chemically tailor GNRs with tuned properties in a well-defined manner will contribute to the elucidation of the fundamental physics of GNRs, as well as pave the way for the development of GNR-based nanoelectronics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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11
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Aoyagi K, Shoji Y, Otsubo S, Kawauchi S, Ueda M, Matsumoto H, Higashihara T. Design of Fullerene-Free Electron-Acceptor Materials Containing Perylenediimide Units for Solution-Processed Organic Electronic Devices. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20140167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koutarou Aoyagi
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Yu Shoji
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Saika Otsubo
- Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Inc
| | - Susumu Kawauchi
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Mitsuru Ueda
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University
| | - Hidetoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
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12
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Goto E, Nakamura S, Kawauchi S, Mori H, Ueda M, Higashihara T. Precision synthesis of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) with low dispersity using a zincate complex catalyzed by nickel with the ligand of 1,2-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Goto
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Yamagata University; 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa 992-8510 Japan
| | - Saki Nakamura
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1, O-okayama Meguro-Ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Susumu Kawauchi
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1, O-okayama Meguro-Ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Hideharu Mori
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Yamagata University; 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa 992-8510 Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ueda
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Yamagata University; 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa 992-8510 Japan
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Yamagata University; 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa 992-8510 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); 4-1-8, Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
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13
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Higashihara T, Goto E. Controlled synthesis of low-polydisperse regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) and related materials by zincate-complex metathesis polymerization. Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2014.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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14
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Yin T, Hua R. Straightforward Approach to Synthesize 3,3′-Bipyrroles by Oxidative Homocoupling of 1,2,5-Trisubstituted Pyrroles. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.130253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University
| | - Ruimao Hua
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University
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15
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Precision synthesis of tailor-made polythiophene-based materials and their application to organic solar cells. Macromol Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-013-1123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Lu S, Li S, Yu J, Yuan Z, Qi B. Epoxy nanocomposites filled with thermotropic liquid crystalline epoxy grafted graphene oxide. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40404h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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17
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Higashihara T, Ueda M. Synthesis of Block Copolymers Containing Polythiophene Segments and Their Application to Organic Photovoltaics. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2012. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.70.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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