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Versatile Reactivity of Mn II Complexes in Reactions with N-Donor Heterocycles: Metamorphosis of Labile Homometallic Pivalates vs. Assembling of Endurable Heterometallic Acetates. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041021. [PMID: 33672016 PMCID: PMC7919295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaction of 2,2′-bipyridine (2,2′-bipy) or 1,10-phenantroline (phen) with [Mn(Piv)2(EtOH)]n led to the formation of binuclear complexes [Mn2(Piv)4L2] (L = 2,2′-bipy (1), phen (2); Piv− is the anion of pivalic acid). Oxidation of 1 or 2 by air oxygen resulted in the formation of tetranuclear MnII/III complexes [Mn4O2(Piv)6L2] (L = 2,2′-bipy (3), phen (4)). The hexanuclear complex [Mn6(OH)2(Piv)10(pym)4] (5) was formed in the reaction of [Mn(Piv)2(EtOH)]n with pyrimidine (pym), while oxidation of 5 produced the coordination polymer [Mn6O2(Piv)10(pym)2]n (6). Use of pyrazine (pz) instead of pyrimidine led to the 2D-coordination polymer [Mn4(OH)(Piv)7(µ2-pz)2]n (7). Interaction of [Mn(Piv)2(EtOH)]n with FeCl3 resulted in the formation of the hexanuclear complex [MnII4FeIII2O2(Piv)10(MeCN)2(HPiv)2] (8). The reactions of [MnFe2O(OAc)6(H2O)3] with 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bipy) or trans-1,2-(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) led to the formation of 1D-polymers [MnFe2O(OAc)6L2]n·2nDMF, where L = 4,4′-bipy (9·2DMF), bpe (10·2DMF) and [MnFe2O(OAc)6(bpe)(DMF)]n·3.5nDMF (11·3.5DMF). All complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Desolvation of 11·3.5DMF led to a collapse of the porous crystal lattice that was confirmed by PXRD and N2 sorption measurements, while alcohol adsorption led to porous structure restoration. Weak antiferromagnetic exchange was found in the case of binuclear MnII complexes (JMn-Mn = −1.03 cm−1 for 1 and 2). According to magnetic data analysis (JMn-Mn = −(2.69 ÷ 0.42) cm−1) and DFT calculations (JMn-Mn = −(6.9 ÷ 0.9) cm−1) weak antiferromagnetic coupling between MnII ions also occurred in the tetranuclear {Mn4(OH)(Piv)7} unit of the 2D polymer 7. In contrast, strong antiferromagnetic coupling was found in oxo-bridged trinuclear fragment {MnFe2O(OAc)6} in 11·3.5DMF (JFe-Fe = −57.8 cm−1, JFe-Mn = −20.12 cm−1).
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Cheetham AK, Kieslich G, Yeung HHM. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Effects in the Crystallization of Metal-Organic Frameworks. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:659-667. [PMID: 29451770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been one of the most exciting aspects of materials chemistry over the last 20 years. In this Account, we discuss the development during this period in our understanding of the factors that control the crystallization of MOFs from solution. Both classical porous MOFs and dense MOF phases are considered. This is an opportune time at which to examine this complex area because the experimental tools now available to interrogate crystallization processes have matured significantly in the last 5 years, particularly with the use of in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. There have also been impressive developments in the use of density functional theory (DFT) to treat not only the energies of very complex structures but also their entropies. This is particularly important in MOF frameworks because of their much greater flexibility compared with inorganic structures such as zeolites. The first section of the Account describes how early empirical observations on the crystallization of dense MOFs pointed to a strong degree of thermodynamic control, with both enthalpic and entropic factors playing important roles. For example, reactions at higher temperatures tend to lead to denser structures with higher degrees of framework connectivity and lower levels of solvation, and polymorphs tend to form according to their thermodynamic stabilities. In the case of metal tartrates, these trends have been validated by calorimetric studies. It has been clear for more than a decade, however, that certain phases crystallize under kinetic control, especially when a change in conformation of the ligand or coordination around a metal center might be necessary to form the thermodynamically preferred product. We describe how this can lead to time-dependent crystallization processes that evolve according to the Ostwald rule of stages and can be observed by in situ methods. We then consider the crystallization of porous MOFs, which presents additional challenges because of solvation effects. In spite of these problems, much has been learned about the energetics of the underlying frameworks, where the relationship between porosity and stability initially seemed to mirror the behavior of zeolites, with more porous structures being less stable. Recently, however, this simple relationship has had to be reconsidered with the emergence of some very flexible structures wherein the open structures are more stable than their denser analogues at finite temperatures because of their large vibrational entropies. In the final section we describe how the concepts developed in the MOF work have been extended into the closely related area of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. We describe recent studies on polymorphism in hybrid perovskites, which is amenable to total free energy calculations using a combination of DFT and lattice dynamics methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony K. Cheetham
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
| | - G. Kieslich
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - H. H.-M. Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
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Wu JW, Wang X, Tian CB, Du SW. A new approach to fabricate the Mn(ii)-based magnetic refrigerant through incorporation of a diamagnetic {LiO 4} spacer. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:2143-2147. [PMID: 29372734 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04820c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new 3D MOF [MnLi2(ip)2(H2O)2] (1) with a 1D heterometallic inorganic Mn(ii)-Li(i) chain is reported. With the assistance of diamagnetic {LiO4} connectors, which separate the paramagnetic Mn(ii) ions and act as magnetic spacers, very weak magnetic interactions were obtained. Remarkably, 1 showed a significant magnetocaloric effect (MCE) with a large entropy change value of 30.4 J kg-1 K-1 for ΔH = 8 T at 2 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China.
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Tian CB, He C, Han YH, Wei Q, Li QP, Lin P, Du SW. Four New MnII Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Frameworks with Diverse Inorganic Magnetic Chain’s Sequences: Syntheses, Structures, Magnetic, NLO, and Dielectric Properties. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:2560-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ic502664e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Bin Tian
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Chao He
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Hu Han
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wei
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Peng Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Ping Lin
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Wu Du
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
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Mole RA, Nadeem MA, Stride JA, Peterson VK, Wood PT. Switchable Magnetism: Neutron Diffraction Studies of the Desolvated Coordination Polymer Co3(OH)2(C4O4)2. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:13462-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4018344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Mole
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee
DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Muhammad A. Nadeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - John A. Stride
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee
DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Vanessa K. Peterson
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee
DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Paul T. Wood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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Junggeburth SC, Diehl L, Werner S, Duppel V, Sigle W, Lotsch BV. Ultrathin 2D Coordination Polymer Nanosheets by Surfactant-Mediated Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:6157-64. [DOI: 10.1021/ja312567v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C. Junggeburth
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße
1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Leo Diehl
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Stephan Werner
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße
1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Viola Duppel
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße
1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Wilfried Sigle
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart Centre for Electron
Microscopy, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bettina V. Lotsch
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße
1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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Yeung HHM, Li W, Saines PJ, Köster TKJ, Grey CP, Cheetham AK. Ligand-Directed Control over Crystal Structures of Inorganic-Organic Frameworks and Formation of Solid Solutions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Yeung HHM, Li W, Saines PJ, Köster TKJ, Grey CP, Cheetham AK. Ligand-Directed Control over Crystal Structures of Inorganic-Organic Frameworks and Formation of Solid Solutions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5544-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Saines PJ, Steinmann M, Tan JC, Yeung HHM, Cheetham AK. Structural diversity and luminescent properties of lanthanide 2,2- and 2,3-dimethylsuccinate frameworks. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce26279g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Saines PJ, Steinmann M, Tan JC, Yeung HHM, Li W, Barton PT, Cheetham AK. Isomer-Directed Structural Diversity and Its Effect on the Nanosheet Exfoliation and Magnetic Properties of 2,3-Dimethylsuccinate Hybrid Frameworks. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:11198-209. [DOI: 10.1021/ic302011x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Saines
- Department of Materials Science
and Metallurgy, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Steinmann
- Department of Materials Science
and Metallurgy, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jin-Chong Tan
- Department of Materials Science
and Metallurgy, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Hamish H.-M. Yeung
- Department of Materials Science
and Metallurgy, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Materials Science
and Metallurgy, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip T. Barton
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
93106, United States
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
93106, United States
| | - Anthony K. Cheetham
- Department of Materials Science
and Metallurgy, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom
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Saines PJ, Tan JC, Yeung HHM, Barton PT, Cheetham AK. Layered inorganic–organic frameworks based on the 2,2-dimethylsuccinate ligand: structural diversity and its effect on nanosheet exfoliation and magnetic properties. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:8585-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30648d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Saines PJ, Barton PT, Jain P, Cheetham AK. Structures and magnetic properties of Mn and Co inorganic–organic frameworks with mixed linear dicarboxylate ligands. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce05947a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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