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Chemical Composition, In Vitro and In Situ Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) Essential Oil. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102185. [PMID: 34685994 PMCID: PMC8538430 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The essential oil of Syzygium (S.) aromaticum (CEO) is known for its good biological activity. The aim of the research was to evaluate in vitro and in situ antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of the essential oil produced in Slovakia. The main components of CEO were eugenol 82.4% and (E)-caryophyllene 14.0%. The antimicrobial activity was either weak or very strong with inhibition zones ranging from 4.67 to 15.78 mm in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and from 8.22 to 18.56 mm in yeasts and fungi. Among the tested bacteria and fungi, the lowest values of MIC were determined for Staphylococcus (S.) aureus and Penicillium (P.) expansum, respectively. The vapor phase of CEO inhibited the growth of the microscopic filamentous fungi of the genus Penicillium when tested in situ on bread. The strongest effect of mycelia inhibition in a bread model was observed against P. expansum at concentrations of 250 and 500 μL/mL. The best antimicrobial activity of CEO in the carrot model was found against P. chrysosenum. Differences between the mass spectra of Bacillus (B.) subtilis biofilms on the tested surfaces (wood, glass) and the control sample were noted from the seventh day of culture. There were some changes in mass spectra of Stenotrophomonas (S.) maltophilia, which were observed in both experimental groups from the fifth day of culture. These findings confirmed the impact of CEO on the protein structure of older biofilms. The findings indicate that, besides being safe and sensorially attractive, S. aromaticum has antimicrobial activity, which makes it a potential substitute for chemical food preservatives.
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Aguiar PADF, Menezes RP, Penatti MPA, Moreira TA, Pimenta JP, Silva NBS, Röder DVDB. Rapid detection of biofilm-producing Candida species via MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2049-2060. [PMID: 33694241 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the formation of biofilm by Candida spp. isolated from the bloodstream, using traditional spectrophotometric methodologies. In addition, the goal was to compare the results with those obtained through MALDI-TOF/MS, as well as to verify its use as a potential tool for the detection of biofilm-forming strains. METHODS AND RESULTS Hundred and thirteen isolates of Candida spp. were studied: 41 were Candida albicans, 27 C. tropicalis, 18 C. glabrata, 17 C. parapsilosis and 10 C. krusei. Metabolic activity was determined through the tetrazolium salt (XTT) reduction assay and biomass by staining with Crystal Violet. All isolates were able to form biofilm, 94% of which were strong producers, with high biomass quantification (95%; 107/113) and high metabolic activity (99%; 112/113). Mass spectra of the biofilm-producing isolates showed differences in the intensity of mass peaks when compared with the spectra of the nonproducing strains. CONCLUSIONS It was demonstrated that MALDI-TOF/MS was able to detect specific biofilm proteins, as the mass spectra of the isolates presented differences when compared with nonproducing strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY MALDI-TOF/MS can become a valuable tool for biofilm detection at the moment of the identification of the microorganism, thus contributing greatly to the management of patients with Candidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A D F Aguiar
- Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Uberlândia (FAMED-UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - R P Menezes
- Technical Health School of the Federal University of Uberlândia (ESTES-UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - M P A Penatti
- Technical Health School of the Federal University of Uberlândia (ESTES-UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - T A Moreira
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory of the Clinical Hospital of Uberlândia (HCU-UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - J P Pimenta
- Check-Up Medicina Laboratorial (Uberlândia), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - N B S Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia (ICBIM-UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - D V D B Röder
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia (ICBIM-UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
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Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil and Its Biological Activity. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091959. [PMID: 34579491 PMCID: PMC8467294 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thymus vulgaris essential oil has potential good biological activity. The aim of the research was to evaluate the biological activity of the T. vulgaris essential oil from the Slovak company. The main components of T. vulgaris essential oil were thymol (48.1%), p-cymene (11.7%), 1,8-cineole (6.7), γ-terpinene (6.1%), and carvacrol (5.5%). The antioxidant activity was 85.2 ± 0.2%, which corresponds to 479.34 ± 1.1 TEAC. The antimicrobial activity was moderate or very strong with inhibition zones from 9.89 to 22.44 mm. The lowest values of MIC were determined against B. subtilis, E. faecalis, and S. aureus. In situ antifungal analysis on bread shows that the vapor phase of T. vulgaris essential oil can inhibit the growth of the microscopic filamentous fungi of the genus Penicillium. The antimicrobial activity against S. marcescens showed 46.78-87.80% inhibition at concentrations 62.5-500 µL/mL. The MALDI TOF MS analyses suggest changes in the protein profile of biofilm forming bacteria P. fluorescens and S. enteritidis after the fifth and the ninth day, respectively. Due to the properties of the T. vulgaris essential oil, it can be used in the food industry as a natural supplement to extend the shelf life of the foods.
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Silva NBS, Marques LA, Röder DDB. Diagnosis of biofilm infections: current methods used, challenges and perspectives for the future. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2148-2160. [PMID: 33629487 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of biofilms continues to be a challenge, and there is no standardized protocol for such a diagnosis in clinical practice. In addition, some proposed methodologies are expensive to require significant amounts of time and a high number of trained staff, making them impracticable for clinical practice. In recent years, mass spectrophotometry/matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) has been applied it in biofilm studies. However, due to several problems and limitations of the technique, MALDI-TOF is far from being the gold standard for identifying biofilm formation. The omics analysis may prove to be a promising strategy for the diagnosis of biofilms in clinical laboratories since it allows the identification of pathogens in less time than needed for conventional techniques and in a more specific manner. However, omic tools are expensive and require qualified technical expertise, and an analysis of the data obtained needs to be careful not to neglect subpopulations in the biofilm. More studies must therefore be developed for creating a protocol that guarantees rapid biofilm identification, ensuring greater chances of success in infection control. This review discusses the current methods of microbial biofilm detection and future perspectives for its diagnosis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B S Silva
- Applied Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L A Marques
- Health Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - D D B Röder
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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De Carolis E, Soldini S, La Rosa M, Nucci F, Posteraro B, Sanguinetti M. BIOF-HILO Assay: A New MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Based Method for Discriminating Between High- and Low-Biofilm-Producing Candida parapsilosis Isolates. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2046. [PMID: 31543874 PMCID: PMC6728890 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis is the most frequent cause of catheter-related candidemia among non-Candida albicans species. This may be related to intrinsic capabilities as adhering and forming a biofilm on abiotic surfaces such as on medical devices. As previously demonstrated, patients infected with high biofilm-producing C. parapsilosis isolates had a greater mortality risk compared to patients infected with low biofilm-producing C. parapsilosis isolates. We developed the BIOF–HILO assay, a MALDI–TOF mass spectrometry (MS)-based assay, which compares mass spectra obtained from attached and suspended isolate cells during the early (i.e., 3-h) adhesion phase of in vitro biofilm formation. The composite correlation index (CCI) analysis was used to discriminate between mass spectra differences of the two cell types, classifying all 50 C. parapsilosis clinical isolates, included in the study, after only 3-h of testing, in high or low biofilm producers. All high (n = 25) or low (n = 25) biofilm producers had, according to CCI mass spectra comparison values, higher or lower than one CCI ratios, which were obtained by dividing the CCIsuspended cells by the CCIattached cells. In conclusion, the BIOF–HILO assay allows a rapid categorization of C. parapsilosis clinical isolates in high or low biofilm producers. This information, if timely provided to physicians, may improve treatment outcomes in patients with C. parapsilosis candidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena De Carolis
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Soldini
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilisa La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Nucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Brunella Posteraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Patologia Medica e Semeiotica Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Sanguinetti M, Posteraro B. Mass spectrometry applications in microbiology beyond microbe identification: progress and potential. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:965-977. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1231578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brunella Posteraro
- Institute of Public Health (Section of Hygiene), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Mlynáriková K, Šedo O, Růžička F, Zdráhal Z, Holá V, Mahelová M. Evaluation of capacity to detect ability to form biofilm in Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto strains by MALDI-TOF MS. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2016; 61:465-471. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-016-0458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pushing the Limits of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry: Beyond Fungal Species Identification. J Fungi (Basel) 2015; 1:367-383. [PMID: 29376916 PMCID: PMC5753130 DOI: 10.3390/jof1030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) is a powerful analytical tool that has revolutionized microbial identification. Routinely used for bacterial identification, MALDI-TOF has recently been applied to both yeast and filamentous fungi, confirming its pivotal role in the rapid and reliable diagnosis of infections. Subspecies-level identification holds an important role in epidemiological investigations aimed at tracing virulent or drug resistant clones. This review focuses on present and future applications of this versatile tool in the clinical mycology laboratory.
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Galán F, García-Agudo L, Guerrero I, Marín P, García-Tapia A, García-Martos P, Rodríguez-Iglesias M. Evaluación de la espectrometría de masas en la identificación de levaduras de interés clínico. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2015; 33:372-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Vykydalová M, Horká M, Růžička F, Duša F, Moravcová D, Kahle V, Šlais K. Combination of micropreparative solution isoelectric focusing and high-performance liquid chromatography for differentiation of biofilm-positive and biofilm-negative Candida parapsilosis group from vascular catheter. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 812:243-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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De Carolis E, Hensgens LAM, Vella A, Posteraro B, Sanguinetti M, Senesi S, Tavanti A. Identification and typing of the Candida parapsilosis complex: MALDI-TOF MS vs. AFLP. Med Mycol 2014; 52:123-30. [PMID: 24577004 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myt009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we compare the capability of amplification fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to identify and subtype isolates of members of the Candida parapsilosis complex (C. parapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, C. metapsilosis) and Lodderomyces elongisporus, which cannot be differentiated with biochemical methods. Both techniques correctly identified all isolates included in this study and clustered isolates within the different species. DNA-based and mass spectrum-based dendrograms yielded similar outcomes with regard to phylogenetic distance within C. orthopsilosis and C. parapsilosis species. However, a different clustering was obtained for C. metapsilosis for which AFLP was highly effective in differentiating. While MALDI-TOF MS was found to be a reliable method for species-level identification, further studies are required to assess its value as a fungal typing tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena De Carolis
- Istituto di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
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Analysis of inteins in the Candida parapsilosis complex for simple and accurate species identification. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:2830-6. [PMID: 23784117 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00981-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inteins are coding sequences that are transcribed and translated with flanking sequences and then are excised by an autocatalytic process. There are two types of inteins in fungi, mini-inteins and full-length inteins, both of which present a splicing domain containing well-conserved amino acid sequences. Full-length inteins also present a homing endonuclease domain that makes the intein a mobile genetic element. These parasitic genetic elements are located in highly conserved genes and may allow for the differentiation of closely related species of the Candida parapsilosis (psilosis) complex. The correct identification of the three psilosis complex species C. parapsilosis, Candida metapsilosis, and Candida orthopsilosis is very important in the clinical setting for improving antifungal therapy and patient care. In this work, we analyzed inteins that are present in the vacuolar ATPase gene VMA and in the threonyl-tRNA synthetase gene ThrRS in 85 strains of the Candida psilosis complex (46 C. parapsilosis, 17 C. metapsilosis, and 22 C. orthopsilosis). Here, we describe an accessible and accurate technique based on a single PCR that is able to differentiate the psilosis complex based on the VMA intein. Although the ThrRS intein does not distinguish the three species of the psilosis complex by PCR product size, it can differentiate them by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, this intein is unusually present as both mini- and full-length forms in C. orthopsilosis. Additional population studies should be performed to address whether this represents a common intraspecific variability or the presence of subspecies within C. orthopsilosis.
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Identification of medically relevant species of arthroconidial yeasts by use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:2491-500. [PMID: 23678074 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00470-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used for an extensive identification study of arthroconidial yeasts, using 85 reference strains from the CBS-KNAW yeast collection and 134 clinical isolates collected from medical centers in Qatar, Greece, and Romania. The test set included 72 strains of ascomycetous yeasts (Galactomyces, Geotrichum, Saprochaete, and Magnusiomyces spp.) and 147 strains of basidiomycetous yeasts (Trichosporon and Guehomyces spp.). With minimal preparation time, MALDI-TOF MS proved to be an excellent diagnostic tool that provided reliable identification of most (98%) of the tested strains to the species level, with good discriminatory power. The majority of strains were correctly identified at the species level with good scores (>2.0) and seven of the tested strains with log score values between 1.7 and 2.0. The MALDI-TOF MS results obtained were consistent with validated internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and/or large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA sequencing results. Expanding the mass spectrum database by increasing the number of reference strains for closely related species, including those of nonclinical origin, should enhance the usefulness of MALDI-TOF MS-based diagnostic analysis of these arthroconidial fungi in medical and other laboratories.
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Comparative evaluation of the Bruker Biotyper and Vitek MS matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry systems for identification of yeasts of medical importance. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:2453-7. [PMID: 23678071 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00841-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first comparative evaluation between the Bruker Biotyper MS (BMS) and the Vitek MS (VMS) for the identification of yeasts. The rate of correct identifications at the species level was comparable using the commercial databases (89.8% versus 84.3%; P = 0.712), but higher for BMS using an in-house-extended database (100% versus 84.3%; P = 0.245). Importantly, the rate of misidentification was significantly higher for VMS (1% versus 12.1%; P < 0.0001), including the rate of major errors (0% versus 4.5%; P = 0.0036).
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Bader O. MALDI-TOF-MS-based species identification and typing approaches in medical mycology. Proteomics 2013; 13:788-99. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bader
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and German National Reference Center for Systemic Mycoses; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
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Braga PAC, Tata A, Gonçalves dos Santos V, Barreiro JR, Schwab NV, Veiga dos Santos M, Eberlin MN, Ferreira CR. Bacterial identification: from the agar plate to the mass spectrometer. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22063f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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