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Amamou O, Denis JP, Heinen É, Boubaker T, Cardinal S. A New and Rapid HPLC Method to Determine the Degree of Deacetylation of Glutaraldehyde-Cross-Linked Chitosan. Molecules 2023; 28:7294. [PMID: 37959714 PMCID: PMC10647662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a linear biopolymer composed of D-glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine units. The percentage of D-glucosamine in the polymeric chain can vary from one sample to another and is expressed as the degree of deacetylation (DDA). Since this parameter has an impact on many properties, its determination is often critical, and potentiometric titration is a common analytical technique to measure the DDA. Cross-linking with glutaraldehyde is one of the most explored modifications of chitosan; however, the determination of the DDA for the resulting reticulated chitosan resins can be challenging. In this paper, we report a new, rapid, and efficient method to determine the DDA of glutaraldehyde-cross-linked chitosan resins via HPLC. This method relies on the use of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) as a derivatizing agent to measure the level of reticulation of the polymer (LR) after the reticulation step. In this study, we prepare three calibration curves (with an R2 value over 0.92) for three series of reticulated polymers covering a large range of reticulation levels to demonstrate that a correlation can be established between the LR established via HPLC and the DDA obtained via titration. The polymers are derived from three different chitosan starting materials. These standard calibration curves are now used on a routine basis in our lab, and the HPLC method has allowed us to change our DDA analysis time from 20 h to 5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ons Amamou
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
- Laboratoire de Chimie Hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité (LR11S39), Faculté des Sciences, Université de Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Jean-Philippe Denis
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Élise Heinen
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Taoufik Boubaker
- Laboratoire de Chimie Hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité (LR11S39), Faculté des Sciences, Université de Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Sébastien Cardinal
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
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Milheiro J, Cosme F, Filipe-Ribeiro L, Nunes FM. Reductive amination of aldehyde 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones using cyanoborohydride for determination of selected carbonyl compounds in Port wines, table wines, and wine spirits. Food Chem 2022; 405:134897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Jia Y, Wang J, Zhao L, Yan B. Eu 3+-β-diketone functionalized covalent organic framework hybrid material as a sensitive and rapid response fluorescent sensor for glutaraldehyde. Talanta 2022; 236:122877. [PMID: 34635257 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A covalent organic framework (named as TpDq) linked by β-ketoamine was prepared by imine condensation reaction with 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (TFP) and 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone (DAAQ) as building blocks. Via employing a functionalized modification strategy, a new lanthanide complex Eu3+-β-diketone functionalized covalent organic framework hybrid material, Eu-TTA@TpDq (TTA = 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone), has been synthesized. After post-synthetic modification (PSM), the shape and structure of the parent framework is well preserved and the modified material shows remarkable luminescence properties. Based on this, we designed it as a fluorescent probe and tried to use it to sense common aldehydes. The results indicate that Eu-TTA@TpDq exhibits a turn-off response toward glutaraldehyde which can distinguish from other common aldehydes. The fluorescent probe has the advantages of reusability, pH stability (4.50-8.52), fast luminescence response (<1 min) and low detection limit. The linear range of this method was 0-100 μM; the detection limit was 4.55 μM; the relative standard deviation was 2.16%. Furthermore, it has broad application prospect in both practical sensing of glutaraldehyde in water environment and simple detection of glutaraldehyde vapor. In addition, we preliminarily discussed the possible sensing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Jia
- School of Chem. Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jinmin Wang
- School of Chem. Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Limin Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Chem. Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
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Extensive Contamination of Water with Saxitoxin Near the Dam of the Irkutsk Hydropower Station Reservoir (East Siberia, Russia). Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10100402. [PMID: 30275378 PMCID: PMC6215233 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
An area of discolored water 50 m wide and 30 m long was found in September 2017 close to the dam of the Irkutsk hydroelectric power station. Water from this spot was sampled for investigation in the present study. Microscopic analysis revealed that the suspended matter in the sample was composed of clumps of filaments, vegetative cells, akinetes and heterocysts that formed short filaments and solitary cells. This matter was found to consist of partially degraded cells of the cyanobacterium Dolichospermum lemmermannii. Nucleotide sequencing of DNA isolated from the biomass revealed the presence of the sxtA gene which is involved in the synthesis of saxitoxin. Water from the polluted area contained 600 ± 100 μg L−1 saxitoxin as measured by HPLC-MS with pre-column modification of the toxin with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Immunoassay analysis (ELISA) showed a concentration of saxitoxins in the water of 2900 ± 900 μg L−1. Hydrochemical and microbiological analyses suggested the contaminated area appeared as a result of a D. lemmermannii bloom, followed by its decay and release of saxitoxin and nutrients. The present paper describes the results of a case study. Better understanding of the phenomenon will depend on the possibility to perform implementation of a large-scale monitoring program.
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Uchiyama S, Noguchi M, Takagi N, Hayashida H, Inaba Y, Ogura H, Kunugita N. Simple Determination of Gaseous and Particulate Compounds Generated from Heated Tobacco Products. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:585-593. [PMID: 29863851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As a new form of cigarettes, heated tobacco products (HTPs) have been rapidly distributed worldwide. In this study, an improved method for analyzing gaseous and particulate compounds generated from HTPs is described. Smoke is collected using a GF-CX572 sorbent cartridge with 300 mg of carbon molecular sieves, that is, Carboxen 572 (CX572), and a 9 mm glass-fiber filter (GF). After collection, the CX572 particles from the cartridge are transferred along with the GF and deposited into a vial containing two phases of carbon disulfide and methanol. The CX572 particles settle into the lower carbon disulfide phase, while nonpolar compounds are desorbed. After the sample is allowed to stand, the solution is slowly stirred. The two-phase mixture of carbon disulfide and methanol is combined into a homogeneous solution. Polar compounds are then desorbed, while the desorbed nonpolar compounds remain in solution. For the analysis of carbonyl compounds, an enriched 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine solution is added to a portion of the combined solution for derivatization and subsequent high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. For the analysis of volatile organic compounds and water, a portion of the combined solution is analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry or equipped with a thermal conductivity detector. By applying the proposed GF-CX572 one-cartridge method to the analysis of the mainstream smoke generated from HTPs and traditional cigarettes, several chemical compounds are detected, and the chemical composition of smoke is revealed. The GF-CX572 one-cartridge method can analyze gaseous and particulate chemical compounds from the HTP smoke by utilizing not only the entire puff volume but also one puff volume because the GF-CX-572 cartridge can be replaced with a new cartridge within 3 s. An overview of the chemicals generated from HTPs is obtained in detail by one-puff volume sampling. In addition, the generated chemical compounds strongly depend on the temperature of tobacco leaves in HTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehisa Uchiyama
- Department of Environmental Health , National Institute of Public Health , 2-3-6, Minami , Wako-shi , Saitama 351-0197 , Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yohei Inaba
- Department of Environmental Health , National Institute of Public Health , 2-3-6, Minami , Wako-shi , Saitama 351-0197 , Japan
| | | | - Naoki Kunugita
- Department of Environmental Health , National Institute of Public Health , 2-3-6, Minami , Wako-shi , Saitama 351-0197 , Japan
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Zuo W, Hu X, Yang Y, Jiang L, Ren L, Huang H. Development of an Improved Method to Determine Saturated Aliphatic Aldehydes in Docosahexaenoic Acid-Rich Oil: A Supplement to p
-Anisidine Value. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Zuo
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; No. 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechao Hu
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; No. 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqiong Yang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; No. 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; No. 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Lujing Ren
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; No. 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nanjing Tech University; No. 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
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Kang HI, Shin HS. Determination of glutaraldehyde in water samples by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after derivatization with 2,2,2-trifluoroethylhydrazine. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1448:115-120. [PMID: 27130584 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A simple and convenient headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was described for the determination of glutaraldehyde in water. Glutaraldehyde in water reacted with 2,2,2-trifluoroethylhydrazine (TFEH) in a headspace vial and the formed TFEH derivatives were vaporized and adsorbed onto a fiber. The optimal HS-SPME conditions were achieved with a 50/30μm-divinylbenzene-carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane fiber, 0.06% 2,2,2-TFEH, 25% salt, an extraction/derivatization temperature of 80°C, a heating time of 30min, and a pH of 6.5. The desorption was performed for 1min at 240°C. Under the established conditions, the lowest limits of detection were 0.3μg/L and 0.1μg/L in 6.0mL of surface water and drinking water, respectively, and the intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation was less than 9.1% at concentrations of 50, 100 and 500μg/L. The calibration curve showed good linearity with R=0.9995 and R=0.9993 in surface water and drinking water, respectively. This method is simple, amenable to automation and environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-In Kang
- Department of Environmental Science, Kongju National University, Kongju, 314-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sang Shin
- Department of Environmental Education, Kongju National University, Kongju, 314-701, Republic of Korea.
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Fang J, Qin G, Ma J, She YM. Quantification of plant cell wall monosaccharides by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with 2-aminobenzamide pre-column derivatization and a non-toxic reducing reagent 2-picoline borane. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1414:122-8. [PMID: 26342873 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we described a sensitive method for quantifying plant cell wall monosaccharides using chemical derivatization, reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography separation with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). Monosaccharides were derivatized with 2-aminobenzamide (2-AB) by reductive amination to increase the hydrophobicity and detected by ultraviolet absorption for HPLC-UV analysis. A non-toxic reductant, 2-picoline borane was utilized to replace the traditionally used sodium cyanoborohydride (NaCNBH3) to avoid the formation of toxic by-products. Experimental conditions were optimized using glucose as a model system to achieve a high reaction yield of 99%. Under the optimized conditions, we demonstrated that the derivatization yields of several saccharides with 2-AB using 2-picoline borane were all slightly higher than those observed using NaCNBH3. In plants, cell wall monosaccharides consist of arabinose, fucose, galactose, galacturonic acid, glucose, glucuronic acid, mannose, rhamnose, and xylose. Using our method, we successfully quantified these monosaccharides from Arabidopsis cell wall by HPLC-UV, and we obtained a good linearity at a wide dynamic range over five orders (1pmol through 10nmol of injection amount), a detection limit of ∼0.1pmole, and a high precision and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Fang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Guochen Qin
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Yi-Min She
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China.
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Solid phase analytical derivatization as a sample preparation method. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1296:204-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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