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Hou P, Zhang X, Lu Q, Chen S, Liu Q, Qiao C, Zhao H. Poly(carbazole-co-1,4-dimethoxybenzene): Synthesis, Electrochemiluminescence Performance, and Application in Detection of Fe3+. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153045. [PMID: 35956560 PMCID: PMC9370792 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, four polycarbazole derivatives (PCMB-Ds) with different alkyl side chains were designed and synthesized via Wittig–Horner reaction. A novel solid-phase electrochemiluminescence (ECL) system was prepared by immobilizing PCMB-D on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in the presence of tripropylamine (TPrA). It could be found that the increase in alkyl side chain length had little effect on the ECL signal of PCMB-D, while the increase in the degree of polymerization (DP) greatly enhanced the ECL signal. Furthermore, the P-3/ITO ECL sensor based on the polyoctylcarbazole derivative (P-3) with the best ECL performance was successfully constructed and detected Fe3+ under the optimal experimental conditions. The ECL signal steadily diminished with the increased concentration of Fe3+ because of the competition and complexation between Fe3+ and P-3 under the condition of pH 7.4. This P-3/ITO platform could realize a highly sensitive and selective detection of Fe3+ with a wide detection range (from 6 × 10−8 mol/L to 1 × 10−5 mol/L) and low detection limit of 2 × 10−8 mol/L, which could allow the detection of Fe3+ in multiple scenarios, and would have a great application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchong Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (P.H.); (S.C.); (Q.L.); (C.Q.)
| | - Xian Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (P.H.); (S.C.); (Q.L.); (C.Q.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Q.L.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-134-7596-2648 (X.Z.); +86-187-6613-0996 (Q.L.)
| | - Qian Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (P.H.); (S.C.); (Q.L.); (C.Q.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Q.L.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-134-7596-2648 (X.Z.); +86-187-6613-0996 (Q.L.)
| | - Shunwei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (P.H.); (S.C.); (Q.L.); (C.Q.)
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (P.H.); (S.C.); (Q.L.); (C.Q.)
| | - Congde Qiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (P.H.); (S.C.); (Q.L.); (C.Q.)
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Q.L.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-134-7596-2648 (X.Z.); +86-187-6613-0996 (Q.L.)
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Cai XL, Zheng B, Zhou Y, Younis MR, Wang FB, Zhang WM, Zhou YG, Xia XH. Synergistically mediated enhancement of cathodic and anodic electrochemiluminescence of graphene quantum dots through chemical and electrochemical reactions of coreactants. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6080-6084. [PMID: 30079221 PMCID: PMC6053899 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02110d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A dual potential electrochemiluminescence (ECL) enhancement of graphene quantum dots is achieved through chemical and electrochemical reactions of two different coreactants.
We for the first time propose a new concept where a greater enhancement in dual potential electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of a single graphene quantum dot (GQD) emitter can be achieved through the coupling between chemical and electrochemical reactions of two different coreactants of K2S2O8 and Na2SO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China .
| | - Bo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China .
| | - Yue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China .
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Younis
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China .
| | - Feng-Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China .
| | - Wen-Min Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine , State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China .
| | - Yi-Ge Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine , State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China .
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China .
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Wu LK, Wu WY, Xia J, Cao HZ, Hou GY, Tang YP, Zheng GQ. Nanostructured NiCo@NiCoOx core-shell layer as efficient and robust electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.09.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Guo W, Cao Z, Liu Y, Su B. Electrochemiluminescence of a Vinyl-Functionalized Ruthenium Complex and Its Monolayer Formed through the Photoinduced Thiol-Ene Click Reaction. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Guo
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Cao
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 P.R. China
| | - Yanhuan Liu
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 P.R. China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 P.R. China
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Two orders-of-magnitude enhancement in the electrochemiluminescence of Ru(bpy)32+ by vertically ordered silica mesochannels. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 886:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ciabocco M, Berrettoni M, Zamponi S, Cox JA. Immobilization of nanobeads on a surface to control the size, shape and distribution of pores in electrochemically generated sol-gel films. J Solid State Electrochem 2015; 19:2087-2094. [PMID: 26167128 DOI: 10.1007/s10008-014-2709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemically assisted deposition of an ormosil film at a potential where hydrogen ion is generated as the catalyst yields insulating films on electrodes. When the base electrode is modified with 20-nm poly(styrene sulfonate), PSS, beads bound to the surface with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and using (CH3)3SiOCH3 as the precursor, the resulting film of organically modified silica (ormosil) has cylindrical channels that reflect both the diameter of the PSS and the distribution of the APTES-PSS on the electrode. At an electrode modified by a 20-min immersion in 0.5 mmol dm-3 APTES followed by a 30-s immersion in PSS, a 20-min electrolysis at 1.5 V in acidified (CH3)3SiOCH3 resulted in an ormosil film with 20-nm pores separated by 100 nm. Cyclic voltammetry of Ru(CN)64- at scan rates above 5 mVs-1 yielded currents controlled primarily by linear diffusion. Below 5 mVs-1, convection rather than the expected factor, radial diffusion, apparently limited the current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Ciabocco
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", UOS, Campus di Rimini, Università di Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Mario Berrettoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", UOS, Campus di Rimini, Università di Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Silvia Zamponi
- Scuola di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università di Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - James A Cox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH USA 45056
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Luo J, Zhou C, Shi Y, Zhang L, Xiao D. The self-assembled Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2 nanoparticle on polystyrene microfibers and its application for ECL sensing. Analyst 2013; 138:6171-6. [PMID: 23971074 DOI: 10.1039/c3an00947e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium nanoparticle tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) bis(hexafluorophosphate) (Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2, RuNP) was self-assembled on polystyrene (PS) electrospun microfibers. The formation of RuNP is attributed to the sulfonated PS (SPS) microfibers' high adsorptive capability of 94% for Ru(bpy)3(2+), as well as the strong interaction between the Ru(bpy)3(2+) and ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, BMIMPF6). The RuNP/SPS microfibers exhibited an enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emission, 2.3 times higher than that from Ru(bpy)3(2+)/SPS microfibers and 6.6 times higher than that from Ru(bpy)3(2+)/SPS continuous thin films. It is worthy of note that, as a result of the hydrophobic nature of the RuNP, the transfer of water-insoluble α-naphthol is accelerated, and thus the α-naphthol ECL quenching efficiency is enhanced. An ECL sensor based on the RuNP/SPS microfibers was fabricated and used to detect low concentrations of α-naphthol. The detection limit was of 1.0 nM (S/N > 3), and the linear response ranged from 0 to 18 μM. This sensor has been successfully applied to measure the α-naphthol content in pesticide carbaryl samples. Our work provides a very simple and cost-effective method to fabricate RuNP on polymer microfibers with great potential in the field of chemo/biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Luo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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