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Mahmoud SS, Morsy SA, Ahmed RT, Aly EM. The impact of photoreceptor layer loss on different ocular tissues: Insights from FTIR spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 309:123827. [PMID: 38184882 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Photoreceptor loss has significant consequences for visual function, and its management is a critical component for treating not only retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa but also its ocular consequences. On the other hand, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is an excellent tool to investigate molecular structure and dynamics of biological samples, and as a non-destructive and label free measurement, it does not perturb the samples. In this study, detailed analyses of the recorded FTIR spectra from cornea, lens and sclera were performed to monitor the distribution of ocular abnormalities due to photoreceptor layer loss after 1, 3 and 6 days. FTIR data were statistically evaluated by multivariate analysis and Bonferroni means comparison. The obtained results revealed that ocular abnormalities associated with photoreceptor layer loss are varied among the investigated tissues, and comprise changes in both hydrogen bond network around proteins and lipid disorder. Structural modifications of protein secondary structure were reported in all investigated tissues. Clinically, the concluded information from FTIR data and its statistical evaluation can contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies for these heterogeneous changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif S Mahmoud
- Biophysics and Laser Science Unit, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Sahar A Morsy
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab T Ahmed
- College of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman M Aly
- Biophysics and Laser Science Unit, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
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2
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Fast and Deep Diagnosis Using Blood-Based ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy for Digestive Tract Cancers. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121815. [PMID: 36551243 PMCID: PMC9775374 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) of liquid biofluids enables the probing of biomolecular markers for disease diagnosis, characterized as a time and cost-effective approach. It remains poorly understood for fast and deep diagnosis of digestive tract cancers (DTC) to detect abundant changes and select specific markers in a broad spectrum of molecular species. Here, we present a diagnostic protocol of DTC in which the in-situ blood-based ATR-FTIR spectroscopic data mining pathway was designed for the identification of DTC triages in 252 blood serum samples, divided into the following groups: liver cancer (LC), gastric cancer (GC), colorectal cancer (CC), and their different three stages respectively. The infrared molecular fingerprints (IMFs) of DTC were measured and used to build a 2-dimensional second derivative spectrum (2D-SD-IR) feature dataset for classification, including absorbance and wavenumber shifts of FTIR vibration peaks. By comparison, the Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and backpropagation (BP) neural networks are suitable to differentiate DTCs and pathological stages with a high sensitivity and specificity of 100% and averaged more than 95%. Furthermore, the measured IMF data was mutually validated via clinical blood biochemistry testing, which indicated that the proposed 2D-SD-IR-based machine learning protocol greatly improved DTC classification performance.
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Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy for Stem Cell Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179878. [PMID: 36077277 PMCID: PMC9456088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have shown great potential functions for tissue regeneration and repair because of their unlimited self-renewal and differentiation. Stem cells reside in their niches, making them a hotspot for the development and diagnosis of diseases. Complex interactions between niches and stem cells create the balance between differentiation, self-renewal, maturation, and proliferation. However, the multi-facet applications of stem cells have been challenged since the complicated responses of stem cells to biological processes were explored along with the limitations of current systems or methods. Emerging evidence highlights that synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy, known as synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, has been investigated as a potentially attractive technology with its non-invasive and non-biological probes in stem cell research. With their unique vibration bands, the quantitative mapping of the content and distribution of biomolecules can be detected and characterized in cells or tissues. In this review, we focus on the potential applications of synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy for investigating the differentiation and fate determination of stem cells.
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Chan KLA, Altharawi A, Fale P, Song CL, Kazarian SG, Cinque G, Untereiner V, Sockalingum GD. Transmission Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging, Mapping, and Synchrotron Scanning Microscopy with Zinc Sulfide Hemispheres on Living Mammalian Cells at Sub-Cellular Resolution. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 74:544-552. [PMID: 32031010 DOI: 10.1177/0003702819898275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging and microscopy of single living cells are established label-free technique for the study of cell biology. The constant driver to improve the spatial resolution of the technique is due to the diffraction limit given by infrared (IR) wavelength making subcellular study challenging. Recently, we have reported, with the use of a prototype zinc sulfide (ZnS) transmission cell made of two hemispheres, that the spatial resolution is improved by the factor of the refractive index of ZnS, achieving a λ/2.7 spatial resolution using the synchrotron-IR microscopy with a 36× objective with numerical aperture of 0.5. To refine and to demonstrate that the ZnS hemisphere transmission device can be translated to standard bench-top FT-IR imaging systems, we have, in this work, modified the device to achieve a more precise path length, which has improved the spectral quality of the living cells, and showed for the first time that the device can be applied to study live cells with three different bench-top FT-IR imaging systems. We applied focal plane array (FPA) imaging, linear array, and a synchrotron radiation single-point scanning method and demonstrated that in all cases, subcellular details of individual living cells can be obtained. Results have shown that imaging with the FPA detector can measure the largest area in a given time, while measurements from the scanning methods produced a smoother image. Synchrotron radiation single-point mapping produced the best quality image and has the flexibility to introduce over sampling to produce images of cells with great details, but it is time consuming in scanning mode. In summary, this work has demonstrated that the ZnS hemispheres can be applied in all three spectroscopic approaches to improve the spatial resolution without any modification to the existing microscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Lung Andrew Chan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Ali Altharawi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Pedro Fale
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cai Li Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sergei G Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Valérie Untereiner
- Plateforme en Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire (PICT), University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Pharmacy, Reims, France
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An analysis of benign human prostate offers insights into the mechanism of apocrine secretion and the origin of prostasomes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4582. [PMID: 30872668 PMCID: PMC6418221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40820-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure and function of normal human prostate is still not fully understood. Herein, we concentrate on the different cell types present in normal prostate, describing some previously unreported types and provide evidence that prostasomes are primarily produced by apocrine secretion. Patients (n = 10) undergoing TURP were prospectively consented based on their having a low risk of harbouring CaP. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy was used to characterise cell types and modes of secretion. Zinc levels were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Although merocrine secretory cells were noted, the majority of secretory cells appear to be apocrine; for the first time, we clearly show high-resolution images of the stages of aposome secretion in human prostate. We also report a previously undescribed type of epithelial cell and the first ultrastructural image of wrapping cells in human prostate stroma. The zinc levels in the tissues examined were uniformly high and X-ray microanalysis detected zinc in merocrine cells but not in prostasomes. We conclude that a significant proportion of prostasomes, possibly the majority, are generated via apocrine secretion. This finding provides an explanation as to why so many large proteins, without a signal peptide sequence, are present in the prostatic fluid.
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Theophilou G, Morais CLM, Halliwell DE, Lima KMG, Drury J, Martin-Hirsch PL, Stringfellow HF, Hapangama DK, Martin FL. Synchrotron- and focal plane array-based Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy differentiates the basalis and functionalis epithelial endometrial regions and identifies putative stem cell regions of human endometrial glands. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:4541-4554. [PMID: 29740671 PMCID: PMC6021468 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cyclical process of regeneration of the endometrium suggests that it may contain a cell population that can provide daughter cells with high proliferative potential. These cell lineages are clinically significant as they may represent clonogenic cells that may also be involved in tumourigenesis as well as endometriotic lesion development. To determine whether the putative stem cell location within human uterine tissue can be derived using vibrational spectroscopy techniques, normal endometrial tissue was interrogated by two spectroscopic techniques. Paraffin-embedded uterine tissues containing endometrial glands were sectioned to 10-μm-thick parallel tissue sections and were floated onto BaF2 slides for synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy and globar focal plane array-based FTIR spectroscopy. Different spectral characteristics were identified depending on the location of the glands examined. The resulting infrared spectra were subjected to multivariate analysis to determine associated biophysical differences along the length of longitudinal and crosscut gland sections. Comparison of the epithelial cellular layer of transverse gland sections revealed alterations indicating the presence of putative transient-amplifying-like cells in the basalis and mitotic cells in the functionalis. SR-FTIR microspectroscopy of the base of the endometrial glands identified the location where putative stem cells may reside at the same time pointing towards νsPO2− in DNA and RNA, nucleic acids and amide I and II vibrations as major discriminating factors. This study supports the view that vibration spectroscopy technologies are a powerful adjunct to our understanding of the stem cell biology of endometrial tissue. ᅟ ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Theophilou
- Department of Gynaecology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Camilo L M Morais
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Diane E Halliwell
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Kássio M G Lima
- Biological Chemistry and Chemometrics, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Josephine Drury
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK
| | - Pierre L Martin-Hirsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Fulwood, Preston, PR2 9HT, UK
| | - Helen F Stringfellow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Fulwood, Preston, PR2 9HT, UK
| | - Dharani K Hapangama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK
| | - Francis L Martin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
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Shen HH, Liu GS, Chow SH, Wang JH, He Z, Nguyen C, Lin TW, Bui BV. Intraocular Pressure Induced Retinal Changes Identified Using Synchrotron Infrared Microscopy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164035. [PMID: 27711151 PMCID: PMC5053542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy has been used to quantify chemical and structural characteristics of a wide range of materials including biological tissues. In this study, we examined spatial changes in the chemical characteristics of rat retina in response to intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation using synchrotron infrared microscopy (SIRM), a non-destructive imaging approach. IOP elevation was induced by placing a suture around the eye of anaesthetised rats. Retinal sections were collected onto transparent CaF2 slides 10 days following IOP elevation. Using combined SIRM spectra and chemical mapping approaches it was possible to quantify IOP induced changes in protein conformation and chemical distribution in various layers of the rat retina. We showed that 10 days following IOP elevation there was an increase in lipid and protein levels in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL). IOP elevation also resulted in an increase in nucleic acids in the INL. Analysis of SIRM spectra revealed a shift in amide peaks to lower vibrational frequencies with a more prominent second shoulder, which is consistent with the presence of cell death in specific layers of the retina. These changes were more substantial in the INL and GCL layers compared with those occurring in the outer nuclear layer. These outcomes demonstrate the utility of SIRM to quantify the effect of IOP elevation on specific layers of the retina. Thus SIRM may be a useful tool for the study of localised tissue changes in glaucoma and other eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hui Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (HHS); (BVB)
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Seong Hoong Chow
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jiang-Hui Wang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zheng He
- Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine Nguyen
- Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tsung-Wu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Bang V. Bui
- Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (HHS); (BVB)
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Theophilou G, Fogarty SW, Trevisan J, Strong RJ, Heys KA, Patel II, Stringfellow HF, Martin-Hirsch PL, Martin FL. Spatial and temporal age-related spectral alterations in benign human breast tissue. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Rezende KM, Bönecker M, Perez CA, Mantesso A. Synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-fluorescence: Protocol to study mesenchymal stem cells. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:149-54. [PMID: 26749077 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The micro-X-ray fluorescence by synchrotron radiation (μ-XRF) is a method to determine the composition of tissues without destroying the samples. However, this technique has never been used for the analysis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). This study compared different protocols for fixing, storing, preserving, and establishing the correct numbers of dental derived MSC submitted to μ-XRF analysis. Stem cells were obtained from human dental tissue. After cell expansion, and MACS isolation, the samples were fixed and the following quantities of cells 1 × 10(4) to 1 × 10(7) were divided in two groups: G1: fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde diluted in phosphate-buffered saline solution, and G2: fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde diluted in MilliQ water. The G1 cells showed precipitation of chemical components from the solution resulting in the formation of salt crystals while G2 cells were clear and almost transparent in the sample holder. With regards to cells concentration, the best results occurred when four droplets of 1 × 10(7) cells were analyzed. This work shows that to identify and study the distribution of trace elements in MSC by μ-XRF, the best protocol is fixation in 4% paraformaldehyde diluted with MilliQ water at 4°C and a concentration of four incremental droplets of 1 × 10(7) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Mayra Rezende
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bönecker
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Mantesso
- Department of Oral Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gao Y, Huo X, Dong L, Sun X, Sai H, Wei G, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Wu J. Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy monitoring of 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis in SW620 colon cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2585-91. [PMID: 25503826 PMCID: PMC4337715 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is associated with a high incidence and a poor prognosis. The aim of the present study was to determine whether Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy can be used to monitor the chemotherapy drug-induced apoptosis of SW620 colon cancer cells. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the main chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of colorectal cancer, was determined as the inhibition of growth of the SW620 cells using an MTT assay. Cell starvation and 5-FU treatment synergized to arrest the cells in the G1 and S phases of the cell cycle. FTIR combined with fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis were used to analyze the SW620 cells following treatment with 5-FU for 12, 24 and 48 h. The apoptotic cells had several spectral characteristics. The relative peak intensity ratio (I1740/I1460) was significantly increased (P<0.05), the I1740/I1460 ratio, associated with a band of amino acid residues at 1,410 cm−1 was significantly increased at the early and late phases of cell death (P<0.05), the peaks at 1,240 cm−1 increased in wave number, a band at 1,040 cm−1, associated with polysaccharides, appeared at 24 and 48 h and then moved to a higher wave number and the I1040/I1460 ratio increased at the late stage of apoptosis. These results demonstrated that FTIR can be used as a label-free technique to monitor cancer cell apoptosis and to understand the spectral fingerprints of apoptotic cells. This suggested that FTIR spectral features have potential as a powerful tool to monitor cancer cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiongwei Huo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Liu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - He Sai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Guangbing Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yizhuang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Yuanfu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Jinguang Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
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Mattson EC, Unger M, Clède S, Lambert F, Policar C, Imtiaz A, D'Souza R, Hirschmugl CJ. Toward optimal spatial and spectral quality in widefield infrared spectromicroscopy of IR labelled single cells. Analyst 2014; 138:5610-8. [PMID: 23826609 DOI: 10.1039/c3an00383c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in widefield infrared spectromicroscopy have recently been demonstrated following the commissioning of IRENI (InfraRed ENvironmental Imaging), a Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) chemical imaging beamline at the Synchrotron Radiation Center. The present study demonstrates the effects of magnification, spatial oversampling, spectral pre-processing and deconvolution, focusing on the intracellular detection and distribution of an exogenous metal tris-carbonyl derivative 1 in a single MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell. We demonstrate here that spatial oversampling for synchrotron-based infrared imaging is critical to obtain accurate diffraction-limited images at all wavelengths simultaneously. Resolution criteria and results from raw and deconvoluted images for two Schwarzschild objectives (36×, NA 0.5 and 74×, NA 0.65) are compared to each other and to prior reports for raster-scanned, confocal microscopes. The resolution of the imaging data can be improved by deconvolving the instrumental broadening that is determined with the measured PSFs, which is implemented with GPU programming architecture for fast hyperspectral processing. High definition, rapidly acquired, FTIR chemical images of respective spectral signatures of the cell 1 and shows that 1 is localized next to the phosphate- and Amide-rich regions, in agreement with previous infrared and luminescence studies. The infrared image contrast, localization and definition are improved after applying proven spectral pre-processing (principal component analysis based noise reduction and RMie scattering correction algorithms) to individual pixel spectra in the hyperspectral cube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Mattson
- Physics Dept., University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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13
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Opportunities for live cell FT-infrared imaging: macromolecule identification with 2D and 3D localization. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:22753-81. [PMID: 24256815 PMCID: PMC3856089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141122753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectromicroscopy, or chemical imaging, is an evolving technique that is poised to make significant contributions in the fields of biology and medicine. Recent developments in sources, detectors, measurement techniques and speciman holders have now made diffraction-limited Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging of cellular chemistry in living cells a reality. The availability of bright, broadband IR sources and large area, pixelated detectors facilitate live cell imaging, which requires rapid measurements using non-destructive probes. In this work, we review advances in the field of FTIR spectromicroscopy that have contributed to live-cell two and three-dimensional IR imaging, and discuss several key examples that highlight the utility of this technique for studying the structure and chemistry of living cells.
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Patel II, Shearer DA, Fogarty SW, Fullwood NJ, Quaroni L, Martin FL, Weisz J. Infrared microspectroscopy identifies biomolecular changes associated with chronic oxidative stress in mammary epithelium and stroma of breast tissues from healthy young women: implications for latent stages of breast carcinogenesis. Cancer Biol Ther 2013; 15:225-35. [PMID: 24107651 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.26748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the decades-long latent stages of breast carcinogenesis have been limited to when hyperplastic lesions are already present. Investigations of earlier stages of breast cancer (BC) latency have been stymied by the lack of fiducial biomarkers needed to identify where in histologically normal tissues progression toward a BC might be taking place. Recent evidence suggests that a marker of chronic oxidative stress (OxS), protein adducts of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE), can meet this need. Specifically: (1) 4HNE immunopositive (4HNE+) mammary epithelial (ME) cells were found to be prevalent in normal (reduction mammoplasty) tissues of most women (including many teenagers) studied, representative of those living in the United States' high risk-posing environment and: (2) marked (> 1.5-fold) differences were identified between tissues of healthy young women with many vs. few 4HNE+ ME cells in the relative levels of transcripts for 42 of the 84 OxS-associated genes represented in SABioscience Oxidative-Stress/Oxidative-Defense PCR array. Herein we used synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy to identify molecular changes associated with 4HNE adducts in basal and luminal ME cells in terminal ductal units (TDLU), which are the cells of origin of BC, and associated intralobular and interlobular stroma, known contributors to carcinogenesis. Multivariate analysis-derived wavenumbers differentiated 4HNE+ and 4HNE- cells in each of the anatomical compartments. Specifically, principal component and linear discriminant analyses of mid-infrared spectra obtained from these cells revealed unambiguous, statistically highly significant differences in the "biochemical fingerprint" of 4HNE+ vs. 4HNE- luminal and basal ME cells, as well as between associated intralobular and interlobular stroma. These findings demonstrate further SR-FTIR microspectroscopy's ability to identify molecular changes associated with altered physiological and/or pathophysiological states, in this case with a state of chronic OxS that provides a pro-carcinogenic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran I Patel
- Center for Biophotonics; Lancaster Environment Centre; Lancaster University; Lancaster, UK
| | - Debra A Shearer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; College of Medicine; Pennsylvania State University; Hershey, PA USA
| | - Simon W Fogarty
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine; Lancaster University; Lancaster, UK
| | - Nigel J Fullwood
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medicine; Lancaster University; Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Francis L Martin
- Center for Biophotonics; Lancaster Environment Centre; Lancaster University; Lancaster, UK
| | - Judith Weisz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; College of Medicine; Pennsylvania State University; Hershey, PA USA; Department of Pathology; College of Medicine; Pennsylvania State University; Hershey, PA USA
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