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Liu Z, Zhou Y, Yuan L. Hydrogen-bonded aromatic amide macrocycles: synthesis, properties and functions. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9023-9051. [PMID: 36128982 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01263d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a classic example of nearly planar cyclic compounds, hydrogen-bonded aromatic amide (H-bonded aramide) macrocycles, consisting of consecutive intramolecular hydrogen bonds and aromatic residues, receive considerable research attention due to their rich host-guest chemistry. This review provides a detailed summary of the synthesis, properties and functions of H-bonded aramide macrocycles and their derivatives. Herein, the constitutional patterns of these macrocycles are divided into two subcategories: interior hydrogen bonding motifs and exterior hydrogen bonding motifs. Based on these two motifs, we summarize the facile synthesis, self-assembly, host-guest interaction complexation of H-bonded aramide macrocycles and the resulting applications such as molecular recognition, artificial ion channels, soft materials, supramolecular catalysis, and artificial molecular machines. The development of H-bonded aramide macrocycles is still in its infancy, although a considerable number of examples have been reported. We hope that this review will provide useful information and unlock new opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejiang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Yidan Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Lihua Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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2
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Sobiech TA, Zhong Y, Gong B. Cavity-containing aromatic oligoamide foldamers and macrocycles: progress and future perspectives. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6962-6978. [PMID: 36040143 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01467j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a major class of foldamers, aromatic oligoamide foldamers have attracted intense interest. The rigidity of aromatic residues and amide linkages allows the development of foldamers with readily predictable, stable conformations. Aromatic oligoamide foldamers having backbones fully constrained by intramolecular hydrogen bonds have attracted wide attention. Depending on their lengths, such foldamers adopt crescent or helical conformations with highly negative inner cavities. Cyclizing the backbone of the aromatic oligoamides affords the corresponding macrocycles which are characterised by persistent shapes and non-deformable inner cavities. With their defined, inner cavities, such aromatic oligoamide foldamers and macrocycles have served as hosts for cationic and polar guests, and as transmembrane channels for transporting ions and molecules. Recent synthetic progress resulted in the construction of multi-turn hollow helices that offer three-dimensional inner pores with adjustable depth. Reducing the number of backbone-constraining hydrogen bonds leads to oligoamides which, with their partially constrained backbones, undergo either solvent- or guest-dependent folding. One class of such aromatic olgioamide foldamders, which offer multiple backbone amide NH groups as hydrogen-bond donors, are designed to bind anions with adjustable affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Sobiech
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Yulong Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Bing Gong
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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3
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Xing P, Liu Y, Li B, Dong ZY, Qian HJ, Wang L. Promoting a desired conformational preference of an aromatic amide in various crystals by rational design of intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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4
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Meisel JW, Hu CT, Hamilton AD. Heterofunctionalized Cavitands by Macrocyclization of Sequence-Defined Foldamers. Org Lett 2019; 21:7763-7767. [PMID: 31535554 PMCID: PMC6781098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic hosts have long been the workhorses of molecular recognition. Despite the widespread use of container-shaped molecules as synthetic receptors, an efficient preparation of cavitands bearing multiple functional groups has not been realized. This Letter describes a new cavitand derived from a sequence-defined oligoamide foldamer scaffold. A solid-phase synthesis approach is reported, which enables the display of multiple chemically diverse functional groups on the cavitand rim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Meisel
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , 100 Washington Square East , New York , New York 10003 , United States
| | - Chunhua T Hu
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , 100 Washington Square East , New York , New York 10003 , United States
| | - Andrew D Hamilton
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , 100 Washington Square East , New York , New York 10003 , United States
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5
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Chen TH, Wang L, Trueblood JV, Grassian VH, Cohen SM. Poly(isophthalic acid)(ethylene oxide) as a Macromolecular Modulator for Metal–Organic Polyhedra. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:9646-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Hao Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Le Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jonathan V. Trueblood
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Vicki H. Grassian
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department
of Nanoengineering and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Seth M. Cohen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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6
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Du J, Kang K, Hu J, Mao L, Yuan L, Feng W. Effect of Hydrogen Binding on Selective Recognition of Halide Anions. CHINESE J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201600237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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7
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Wei X, Zhang G, Shen Y, Zhong Y, Liu R, Yang N, Al-mkhaizim FY, Kline MA, He L, Li M, Lu ZL, Shao Z, Gong B. Persistent Organic Nanopores Amenable to Structural and Functional Tuning. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:2749-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Wei
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Department
of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Bio-ID
Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yulong Zhong
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Rui Liu
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Department
of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Na Yang
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fayez Y. Al-mkhaizim
- Department
of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Mark A. Kline
- Department
of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Lan He
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Minfeng Li
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Lu
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhifeng Shao
- Bio-ID
Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bing Gong
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Department
of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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8
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Li C, Wu L, Chen L, Yuan X, Cai Y, Feng W, Liu N, Ren Y, Sengupta A, Murali MS, Mohapatra PK, Tao G, Zeng H, Ding S, Yuan L. Highly efficient extraction of actinides with pillar[5]arene-derived diglycolamides in ionic liquids via a unique mechanism involving competitive host–guest interactions. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:19299-19310. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04229e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel extraction mechanism is described.
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9
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Martí-Centelles V, Pandey MD, Burguete MI, Luis SV. Macrocyclization Reactions: The Importance of Conformational, Configurational, and Template-Induced Preorganization. Chem Rev 2015; 115:8736-834. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mrituanjay D. Pandey
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Burguete
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
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10
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Hu J, Chen L, Shen J, Luo J, Deng P, Ren Y, Zeng H, Feng W, Yuan L. Convergent heteroditopic cyclo[6]aramides as macrocyclic ion-pair receptors for constructing [2]pseudorotaxanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:8024-7. [PMID: 24918355 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02557a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A strategy of using amide groups as the only functionality was developed to construct convergent heteroditopic cyclo[6]aramides that are able to strongly bind dibutylammonium chloride in chloroform (>10(5) M(-1)), leading to the formation of [2]pseudorotaxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchuan Hu
- Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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11
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Wu X, Liu R, Sathyamoorthy B, Yamato K, Liang G, Shen L, Ma S, Sukumaran DK, Szyperski T, Fang W, He L, Chen X, Gong B. Discrete Stacking of Aromatic Oligoamide Macrocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5879-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of the
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of the
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Department
of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Bharathwaj Sathyamoorthy
- Department
of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Kazuhiro Yamato
- Department
of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Guoxing Liang
- Department
of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Lin Shen
- Department
of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Sufang Ma
- Key
Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of the
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dinesh K. Sukumaran
- Department
of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Thomas Szyperski
- Department
of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Weihai Fang
- Key
Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of the
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lan He
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of the
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bing Gong
- Key
Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of the
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Department
of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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12
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Le Bailly BAF, Byrne L, Diemer V, Foroozandeh M, Morris GA, Clayden J. Flaws in foldamers: conformational uniformity and signal decay in achiral helical peptide oligomers. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2313-2322. [PMID: 29308146 PMCID: PMC5645781 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03944k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although foldamers, by definition, are extended molecular structures with a well-defined conformation, minor conformers must be populated at least to some extent in solution. We present a quantitative analysis of these minor conformers for a series of helical oligomers built from achiral but helicogenic α-amino acids. By measuring the chain length dependence or chain position dependence of NMR or CD quantities that measure screw-sense preference in a helical oligomer, we quantify values for the decay constant of a conformational signal as it passes through the molecular structure. This conformational signal is a perturbation of the racemic mixture of M and P helices that such oligomers typically adopt by the inclusion of an N or C terminal chiral inducer. We show that decay constants may be very low (<1% signal loss per residue) in non-polar solvents, and we evaluate the increase in decay constant that results in polar solvents, at higher temperatures, and with more conformationally flexible residues such as Gly. Decay constants are independent of whether the signal originates from the N or the C terminus. By interpreting the decay constant in terms of the probability with which conformations containing a screw-sense reversal are populated, we quantify the populations of these alternative minor conformers within the overall ensemble of secondary structures adopted by the foldamer. We deduce helical persistence lengths for Aib polymers that allow us to show that in a non-polar solvent a peptide helix, even in the absence of chiral residues, may continue with the same screw sense for approximately 200 residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryden A F Le Bailly
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Liam Byrne
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Vincent Diemer
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , UK .
| | | | - Gareth A Morris
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , UK .
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13
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Kline MA, Wei X, Horner IJ, Liu R, Chen S, Chen S, Yung KY, Yamato K, Cai Z, Bright FV, Zeng XC, Gong B. Extremely strong tubular stacking of aromatic oligoamide macrocycles. Chem Sci 2015; 6:152-157. [PMID: 28553464 PMCID: PMC5424541 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02380c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As the third-generation rigid macrocycles evolved from progenitor 1, cyclic aromatic oligoamides 3, with a backbone of reduced constraint, exhibit extremely strong stacking with an astoundingly high affinity (estimated lower limit of Kdimer > 1013 M-1 in CHCl3), which leads to dispersed tubular stacks that undergo further assembly in solution. Computational study reveals a very large binding energy (-49.77 kcal mol-1) and indicates highly cooperative local dipole interactions that account for the observed strength and directionality for the stacking of 3. In the solid-state, X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms that the aggregation of 3 results in well-aligned tubular stacks. The persistent tubular assemblies of 3, with their non-deformable sub-nm pore, are expected to possess many interesting functions. One such function, transmembrane ion transport, is observed for 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Kline
- Department of Chemistry , the State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York , USA 14260 . ; http://www.chemistry.buffalo.edu/people/faculty/gong/
| | - Xiaoxi Wei
- Department of Chemistry , the State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York , USA 14260 . ; http://www.chemistry.buffalo.edu/people/faculty/gong/
| | - Ian J Horner
- Department of Chemistry , the State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York , USA 14260 . ; http://www.chemistry.buffalo.edu/people/faculty/gong/
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Chemistry , the State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York , USA 14260 . ; http://www.chemistry.buffalo.edu/people/faculty/gong/
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , USA
| | - Si Chen
- X-ray Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA
| | - Ka Yi Yung
- Department of Chemistry , the State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York , USA 14260 . ; http://www.chemistry.buffalo.edu/people/faculty/gong/
| | - Kazuhiro Yamato
- Department of Chemistry , the State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York , USA 14260 . ; http://www.chemistry.buffalo.edu/people/faculty/gong/
| | - Zhonghou Cai
- X-ray Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA
| | - Frank V Bright
- Department of Chemistry , the State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York , USA 14260 . ; http://www.chemistry.buffalo.edu/people/faculty/gong/
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , USA
| | - Bing Gong
- Department of Chemistry , the State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York , USA 14260 . ; http://www.chemistry.buffalo.edu/people/faculty/gong/
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
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14
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Hu J, Chen L, Ren Y, Deng P, Li X, Wang Y, Jia Y, Luo J, Yang X, Feng W, Yuan L. Nonaggregational shape-persistent cyclo[6]aramide and its macrocyclic effect toward binding secondary ammonium salts in moderately polar media. Org Lett 2013; 15:4670-3. [PMID: 24024875 DOI: 10.1021/ol401930u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Simply by introducing steric side chains, the shape-persistent cyclo[6]aramides were found to exhibit nonaggregational behavior and strong association (3 × 10(4) M(-1)) ability in acetone for binding secondary ammonium salt. The complexation can be switched in an on-and-off fashion using AgPF6 and TBACl, contrasting sharply with their corresponding acyclic pentamer and demonstrating the macrocyclic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchuan Hu
- Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Key State Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, China
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15
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Kline M, Wei X, Gong B. Aromatic Oligoamide Macrocycles with a Backbone of Reduced Constraint. Org Lett 2013; 15:4762-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4021207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kline
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States, and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaoxi Wei
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States, and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bing Gong
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States, and College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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16
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Zhang DW, Zhao X, Hou JL, Li ZT. Aromatic Amide Foldamers: Structures, Properties, and Functions. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5271-316. [PMID: 22871167 DOI: 10.1021/cr300116k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan
University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai
200032, China
| | - Jun-Li Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan
University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan
University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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17
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Yamato K, Kline M, Gong B. Cavity-containing, backbone-rigidified foldamers and macrocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:12142-58. [PMID: 23104157 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36391g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamato
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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