1
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Bright SA, Erby M, Poynton FE, Monteyne D, Pérez-Morga D, Gunnlaugsson T, Williams DC, Elmes RBP. Tracking the cellular uptake and phototoxicity of Ru(ii)-polypyridyl-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's base conjugates. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:344-359. [PMID: 38576718 PMCID: PMC10989513 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00206c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium(ii) complexes are attracting significant research attention as a promising class of photosensitizers (PSs) in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Having previously reported the synthesis of two novel Ru(ii)-polypyridyl-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's base compounds 1 and 2 with interesting photophysical properties, where the emission from either the Ru(ii) polypyridyl centres or the naphthalimide moieties could be used to monitor binding to nucleic acids, we sought to use these compounds to investigate further and in more detail their biological profiling, which included unravelling their mechanism of cellular uptake, cellular trafficking and cellular responses to photoexcitation. Here we demonstrate that these compounds undergo rapid time dependent uptake in HeLa cells that involved energy dependent, caveolae and lipid raft-dependent mediated endocytosis, as demonstrated by confocal imaging, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Following endocytosis, both compounds were shown to localise to mostly lysosomal and Golgi apparatus compartments with some accumulation in mitochondria but no localisation was found to the nucleus. Upon photoactivation, the compounds increased ROS production and induced ROS-dependent apoptotic cell death. The photo-activated compounds subsequently induced DNA damage and altered tubulin, but not actin structures, which was likely to be an indirect effect of ROS production and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, by changing the concentration of the compounds or the laser used to illuminate the cells, the mechanism of cell death could be changed from apoptosis to necrosis. This is the first detailed biological study of Ru(ii)-polypyridyl Tröger's bases and clearly suggests caveolae-dependent endocytosis is responsible for cell uptake - this may also explain the lack of nuclear uptake for these compounds and similar results observed for other Ru(ii)-polypyridyl complexes. These conjugates are potential candidates for further development as PDT agents and may also be useful in mechanistic studies on cell uptake and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Bright
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland +353 1 8962596
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland +353 1 8963459
| | - MariaLuisa Erby
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland +353 1 8962596
| | - Fergus E Poynton
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland +353 1 8963459
| | - Daniel Monteyne
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, IBMM-DBM Université Libre de Bruxelles Gosselies Belgium
| | - David Pérez-Morga
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, IBMM-DBM Université Libre de Bruxelles Gosselies Belgium
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging CMMI Université Libre de Bruxelles Gosselies Belgium
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland +353 1 8963459
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), University of Limerick Ireland
| | - D Clive Williams
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland +353 1 8962596
| | - Robert B P Elmes
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), University of Limerick Ireland
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland +353 1708 4615
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland
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2
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Green MJ, Ge H, Flower SE, Pourzand C, Botchway SW, Wang HC, Kuganathan N, Kociok-Köhn G, Li M, Xu S, James TD, Pascu SI. Fluorescent naphthalimide boronates as theranostics: structural investigations, confocal fluorescence and multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy in living cells. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:1082-1095. [PMID: 38033726 PMCID: PMC10685793 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00112a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
New design and synthetic strategies were developed to generate functional phenyl boronic acid (BA)-based fluorescent probes incorporating the 1,8-naphthalimide (NI) tag. This fluorescent core was anchored onto the BA unit through small organic linkers consisting of nitrogen groups which can arrest, and internally stabilise the phenyl-boronate units. The newly synthesised fluorophores were characterised spectroscopically by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry and evaluated for their ability to bind to a naturally occurring polysaccharide, β-d-glucan in DMSO and simultaneously as act as in vitro cell imaging reagents. The uptake of these new NI-boronic acid derivatives was studied living cancer cells (HeLa, PC-3) in the presence, and absence, of β-d-glucan. Time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) of DMSO solutions and two-photon fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) techniques allowed an insight into the probes' interaction with their environment. Their cellular uptake and distributions were imaged using laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy under single- and two-photon excitation regimes (λmax 910 nm). FLIM facilitated the estimation of the impact of the probe's cellular surroundings using the fluorophore lifetime. The extent to which this was mediated by the β-d-glucan was visualised by 2-photon FLIM in living cells. The fluorescence lifetime observed under a range of temperatures varied appreciably, indicating that changes in the environment can be sensed by these probes. In all cases, the cellular membrane penetration of these new probes was remarkable even under variable temperature conditions and localisation was widely concentrated in the cellular cytoplasm, without specific organelle trapping: we conclude that these new probes show promise for cellular imaging in living cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Green
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Calverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Haobo Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Calverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Stephen E Flower
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Calverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Charareh Pourzand
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath BA2 7AY UK
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Stanley W Botchway
- STFC Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Harwell Oxfordshire OX11 0QX UK
| | - Hui-Chen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Calverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | | | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Calverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
- Materials and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC2), University of Bath Calverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Calverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Suying Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Calverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University Baoding 071003 P. R. China
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Calverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Sofia I Pascu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Calverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath BA2 7AY UK
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3
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Liu RX, Liang YN, Ren XX, Wu QQ, Huang C, Cao SN, Wan Y, Zhou SL, Yuan R, Wu H. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Spiro[4 H-pyran-3,3'-oxindoles] Catalyzed by Tröger's Base Derivative. Curr Org Synth 2023; 20:870-879. [PMID: 35702794 DOI: 10.2174/1570179419666220614142611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two classes of spiro[4H-pyran-3,3'-oxindole] derivatives were prepared via the one pot reaction of chain diketones (1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione or dibenzoyl methane), substituted isatins and malononitrile successfully catalyzed by a Tröger's base derivative 1b (5,12-dimethyl-3,10-diphenyl-bis-1H-pyrazol[b,f][4,5]-1,5-diazadicyclo[3.3.1]-2,6-octadiene). The antibacterial activity of products against three wild-type bacteria (B. subtilis, S. aureus, and E. coli) and two resistant strains (Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (18H8) and E. coli carrying the BlaNDM-1 gene (18H5)) was evaluated using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).. METHODS 1-Phenyl-1,3-butanedione 2 or dibenzoylmethane 2' (0.42 mmol), substituted isatin 3 (0.4 mmol), malononitrile 4 (0.8 mmol), Tröger's base derivative 1b (0.08 mmol), and 10 mL of acetonitrile were added to a 50 mL round bottom flask and refluxed. After the completion (TLC monitoring), water (10 mL) was added to the reaction mixture; pH = 7 was adjusted with saturated NaHCO3 (aq.), and the mixture was extracted with CH2Cl2 (50 mL × 3). Organic layers were combined and dried with anhydrous Na2SO4; the solvent was removed under vacuum, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (VDCM: VMeOH = 80: 1) to afford product 5. The antibacterial activity was tested by the MTT method. RESULTS Seventeen spiro[4H-pyran-3,3'-oxindole] derivatives were synthesized through the reaction of chain diketones (1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione or dibenzoyl methane), substituted isatins, and malononitrile in one-pot in medium to high yields. Four compounds showed antibacterial activity, and two of them showed the same activity as the positive control Ceftazidime on S. aureus (MIC = 12.5 μg/mL). CONCLUSION Two classes of spiro[4H-pyran-3,3'-oxindole] derivatives were prepared, and their antibacterial activity was evaluated. Tröger's base derivative 1b (5,12-dimethyl-3,10-diphenyl-bis-1H-pyrazol[b,f][4,5]- 1,5-diazadicyclo[3,3,1]-2,6-octadiene) was used as an efficient organocatalyst for the reaction of low reactive chain diketones (1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione or dibenzoyl methane), substituted isatins, and malononitrile in one-pot successfully and effectively by providing multiple active sites and alkaline environment. By the theoretical calculation, we explained the possible reaction sequence and mechanism. Due to the superiority and high efficiency of the TB framework as an organocatalyst, the reaction showed many advantages, including mild reaction conditions, low catalyst loading, and a wide substrate range. It expanded the application of Tröger's base to the multicomponent reaction in organocatalysis. Some products were screened due to their high antibacterial activity in vitro, showing their potential in new antibacterial drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Xin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ni Liang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, P.R. China
| | - Xuan-Xuan Ren
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Qian Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, P.R. China
| | - Can Huang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cell, The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Nian Cao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cell, The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wan
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cell, The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Liang Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cell, The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yuan
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cell, The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wu
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cell, The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P.R. China
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4
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Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Properties of Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes Containing 2(1H)-quinolinone-3(1H-imidazo[4,5f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Murphy SA, Phelan C, Shanmugaraju S, Blasco S, Gunnlaugsson T. Fluorescent 3-amino-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger’s bases (3-amino-TBNaps) incorporating protected α-amino acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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6
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Brady KG, Liu B, Li X, Isaacs L. Self Assembled Cages with Mechanically Interlocked Cucurbiturils. Supramol Chem 2021; 33:8-32. [PMID: 34366642 DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2021.1908546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We report preparation of (bis)aniline ligand 4 which contains a central viologen binding domain and its subcomponent self-assembly with aldehyde 5 and Fe(OTf)2 in CH3CN to yield tetrahedral assembly 6. Complexation of ligand 4 with CB[7] in the form of CB[7]•4•2PF6 allows the preparation of assembly 7 which contains an average of 1.95 (range 1-3) mechanically interlocked CB[7] units. Assemblies 6 and 7 are hydrolytically unstable in water due to their imine linkages. Redesign of our system with water stable 2,2'-bipyridine end groups was realized in the form of ligands 11 and 16 which also contain a central viologen binding domain. Self-assembly of 11 with Fe(NTf2)2 gave tetrahedral MOP 12 as evidenced by 1H NMR, DOSY, and mass spectrometric analysis. In contrast, isomeric ligand 16 underwent self-assembly with Fe(OTf)2 to give cubic assembly 17. Precomplexation of ligands 11 and 16 with CB[7] gave the acetonitrile soluble CB[7]•11•2PF6 and CB[7]•16•2PF6 complexes. Self-assembly of CB[7]•11•2PF6 with Fe(OTf)2 gave tetrahedron 13 which contains on average 1.8 mechanically interlocked CB[7] units as determined by 1H NMR, DOSY, and ESI-MS analysis. Self-assembly of CB[7]•16•2PF6 with Fe(OTf)2 gave cube 13 which contains 6.59 mechanically interlocked CB[7] units as determined by 1H NMR and DOSY measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly G Brady
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Bingqing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Lyle Isaacs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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7
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Baig N, Shetty S, Moustafa MS, Al-Mousawi S, Alameddine B. Selective removal of toxic organic dyes using Trӧger base-containing sulfone copolymers made from a metal-free thiol-yne click reaction followed by oxidation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:21170-21178. [PMID: 35479362 PMCID: PMC9034147 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03783h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Three copolymers TCP1–3 bearing Trӧger's base (TB) units intercalated with various thioether groups were synthesized using a catalyst-free thiol-yne click reaction. TCP1–3 display excellent solubility in common organic solvents allowing for their structural, and photophysical characterization. The thioether groups in TCP1–3 were selectively oxidized into their respective sulfone derivatives under mild oxidation reaction conditions affording the postmodified copolymers TCP4–6. Investigation of organic dye uptake from water by TCP1–6 proved their efficiency as selective adsorbents removing up to 100% of the cationic dye methylene blue (MEB) when compared to anionic dyes, such as Congo red (CR), methyl orange (MO) and methyl blue (MB). The sulfone-containing copolymers TCP4–6 display superior and faster MEB removal efficiencies with respect to their corresponding synthons TCP1–3. Copolymers TCP1–3 with Trӧger's base units and aryl thioether groups were made via a click reaction. Selective oxidation of the thioethers into sulfone groups afforded TCP4–6 which display up to 100% removal efficiency of methylene blue from water.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorullah Baig
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology Kuwait +965 2530 7476.,Functional Materials Group, CAMB, GUST Kuwait
| | - Suchetha Shetty
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology Kuwait +965 2530 7476.,Functional Materials Group, CAMB, GUST Kuwait
| | | | | | - Bassam Alameddine
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology Kuwait +965 2530 7476.,Functional Materials Group, CAMB, GUST Kuwait
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8
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Lovitt JI, Umadevi D, Raja Lakshmi P, Twamley B, Gunnlaugsson T, Shanmugaraju S. Synthesis, structural characterization, antibiotics sensing and coordination chemistry of a fluorescent 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger’s base supramolecular scaffold. Supramol Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2021.1889551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- June I. Lovitt
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid-State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC) School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Deivasigamani Umadevi
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Pandi Raja Lakshmi
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid-State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC) School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- AMBER (Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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9
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Murphy SA, Phelan CA, Veale EB, Kotova O, Comby S, Gunnlaugsson T. Fluorescent 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's bases (TBNaps) possessing (orthogonal) 'α-amino acids', esters and di-peptides and their solvent dependent photophysical properties. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6817-6833. [PMID: 34308464 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00973g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of fifteen luminescent bis-naphthalimide based Tröger's bases (TBNaps) derived from 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide (4-Amino-Nap) precursors is described; these scaffolds possess α-amino acids, esters or di-peptides conjugated at the imide site and show minor fluorescence in aqueous solution while being highly emissive in organic solvents. The investigation shows that these TBNaps possessing ICT excited state properties are capable of generating either positive or negative solvatochromic effects in response to changes in polarity and/or the hydrogen bonding capabilities of the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Murphy
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Caroline A Phelan
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Emma B Veale
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Oxana Kotova
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. and Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Steve Comby
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. and Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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10
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Estalayo-Adrián S, McManus GJ, Dalton HL, Savyasachi AJ, Kelly JM, Gunnlaugsson T. Functionalisation of gold nanoparticles with ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes for their application in cellular imaging. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14158-14168. [PMID: 33021298 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02754e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two new dinuclear Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes containing an alkyl disulphide functionalised bipyridine-based ligand and either 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene (TAP) as ancillary ligands have been synthesised and characterised. Their attachment onto the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, average diameter of ca. 2.5 nm) resulted in the formation of two new water-soluble Ru(ii)-AuNP conjugates that combine the advantageous properties of both moieties. Both free complexes show the attractive photophysical properties of Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes and a rapid cellular uptake in HeLa cervical cancer cells. However, their corresponding gold conjugates displayed lower quantum yields than those determined for the free complexes presumed to be due to an energy transfer quenching of the Ru(ii) luminescence by interaction with the gold surface. Despite their diminished luminescence, confocal fluorescence microscopy studies revealed that the Ru(ii)-AuNP conjugates are successfully internalised into HeLa cells and better tolerated than their free complex counterparts after 24 h incubation, which makes them potential luminescent nanomaterials for bioimaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Estalayo-Adrián
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. and Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gavin J McManus
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Hannah L Dalton
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Aramballi J Savyasachi
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - John M Kelly
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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11
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Elmes RBP, Ryan GJ, Erby ML, Frimannsson DO, Kitchen JA, Lawler M, Williams DC, Quinn SJ, Gunnlaugsson T. Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Profiling of Ruthenium(II)-Based 4-Nitro- and 4-Amino-1,8-naphthalimide Conjugates. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10874-10893. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert B. P. Elmes
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth W23 F2K8, County Kildare, Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Limerick, County Limerick, Ireland
| | - Gary J. Ryan
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Maria Luisa Erby
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniel O. Frimannsson
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James’s Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Jonathan A. Kitchen
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
| | - Mark Lawler
- Institute for Health Sciences, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland
| | - D. Clive Williams
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Susan J. Quinn
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Limerick, County Limerick, Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Limerick, County Limerick, Ireland
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12
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4-Amino-1,8-naphthalimide based fluorescent photoinduced electron transfer (PET) pH sensors as liposomal cellular imaging agents: The effect of substituent patterns on PET directional quenching. Front Chem Sci Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-019-1862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Tris-heteroleptic ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes: Synthesis, structural characterization, photophysical, electrochemistry and biological properties. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 203:110903. [PMID: 31683124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Three water-soluble tris-heteroleptic ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes [Ru(bpy)(phen)(bpg)]2+ (1), [Ru(bpy)(dppz)(bpg)]2+ (2), and [Ru(phen)(dppz)(bpg)]2+ (3) (where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c] phenazine, bpg = 4b,5,7,7a-tetrahydro-4b,7a-epiminomethanoimino-6H-imidazo[4,5-f] [1,10] phenanthroline-6,13-dione) have been synthesized and characterized. Molecular structures of complexes 1 and 3 are confirmed by single crystal X-ray structure determination. Interaction of complexes 1-3 with DNA is explored by various spectroscopic techniques. The complexes 1-3 show solvent dependent photophysical properties. Complexes 2 and 3 show extensive "molecular light switch" effect for DNA. The complexes 1-3 are low toxic towards HeLa (human cervical cancer) and HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia) cell lines. Further, the cellular uptake of complexes 2 and 3 by cells shows that complexes mainly localised on the nucleus of the cells.
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14
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Guo H, Dang C, Zhao J, Dick B. Lighting the Flavin Decorated Ruthenium(II) Polyimine Complexes: A Theoretical Investigation. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:8486-8493. [PMID: 31185537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The emission properties of a series of flavin (FL) decorated Ru (II) polyimine complexes were investigated by extensive time-dependent (TD) density functional theory (DFT) and DFT based calculations. We attributed the moderate emission properties of FL decorated Ru(II) polyimine complex (Ru-1), such as triplet lifetime and luminescence quantum yield, to the dominant fast nonradiative decay due to the small adiabatic energy gap between the ground state and the lowest lying triplet state (Δ Ead) and the slow radiative decay owing to the ligand localized triplet (3IL) nature of the emissive state. Electron withdrawing groups such as F and Cl were attached to the FL moiety of Ru-1 to alter Δ Ead. Both the radiative and nonradiative decay rates were found to be sensitive to Δ Ead and may result in a drastic change of the photophysical properties of the Ru(II) complexes. Specifically, substitution with F leads to an increase in the Δ Ead from 1.85 to 1.93 eV, resulting in a nearly doubled phosphorescent quantum yield and triplet lifetime with respect to Ru-1. These findings are vital for the rational design of phosphorescent transition metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Can Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Bernhard Dick
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , Regensburg , 93053 , Germany
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15
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Kumawat LK, Abogunrin AA, Kickham M, Pardeshi J, Fenelon O, Schroeder M, Elmes RBP. Squaramide-Naphthalimide Conjugates as "Turn-On" Fluorescent Sensors for Bromide Through an Aggregation-Disaggregation Approach. Front Chem 2019; 7:354. [PMID: 31192187 PMCID: PMC6540876 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The syntheses of two new squaramide-naphthalimide conjugates (SQ1 and SQ2) are reported where both compounds have been shown to act as selective fluorescence "turn on" probes for bromide in aqueous DMSO solution through a disaggregation induced response. SQ1 and SQ2 displayed a large degree of self-aggregation in aqueous solution that is disrupted at increased temperature as studied by 1H NMR and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the fluorescence behavior of both receptors was shown to be highly dependent upon the aggregation state and increasing temperature gave rise to a significant increase in fluorescence intensity. Moreover, this disaggregation induced emission (DIE) response was exploited for the selective recognition of certain halides, where the receptors gave rise to distinct responses related to the interaction of the various halide anions with the receptors. Addition of F- rendered both compounds non-emissive; thought to be due to a deprotonation event while, surprisingly, Br- resulted in a dramatic 500-600% fluorescence enhancement thought to be due to a disruption of compound aggregation and allowing the monomeric receptors to dominate in solution. Furthermore, optical sensing parameters such as limits of detection and binding constant of probes were also measured toward the various halides (F-, Cl-, Br-, and I-) where both SQ1 and SQ2 were found to sense halides with adequate sensitivity to measure μM levels of halide contamination. Finally, initial studies in a human cell line were also conducted where it was observed that both compounds are capable of being taken up by HeLa cells, exhibiting intracellular fluorescence as measured by both confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Finally, using flow cytometry we were also able to show that cells treated with NaBr exhibited a demonstrable spectroscopic response when treated with either SQ1 or SQ2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh K Kumawat
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Anthony A Abogunrin
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Michelle Kickham
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland.,Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Jyotsna Pardeshi
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Orla Fenelon
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Martina Schroeder
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland.,Maynooth University Human Health Research Institute, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Robert B P Elmes
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland.,Maynooth University Human Health Research Institute, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
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16
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Turnbull WL, Murrell E, Bulcan-Gnirss M, Majeed M, Milne M, Luyt LG. A study of 99mTc/Re-tricarbonyl complexes of 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimides. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14077-14084. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01752f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
4-Amino-1,8-naphthalimide ligands were coordinated to fac-Re/99mTc(CO)3 giving complexes of varying charge for applications in fluorescence microscopy and as components of SPECT imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Murrell
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
| | | | - Maryam Majeed
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
| | - Mark Milne
- London Regional Cancer Program
- London
- Canada
| | - Leonard G. Luyt
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program
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17
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Calatrava-Pérez E, Delente JM, Shanmugaraju S, Hawes CS, Williams CD, Gunnlaugsson T, Scanlan EM. Glycosylated naphthalimides and naphthalimide Tröger's bases as fluorescent aggregation probes for Con A. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:2116-2125. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02980f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of glycosylated naphthalimide compounds and their application as fluorescent probes for Concanavalin A (Con A) lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Calatrava-Pérez
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Jason M. Delente
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Sankarasekaran Shanmugaraju
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Chris S. Hawes
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Keele University
- Keele ST5 5BG
- UK
| | - Clive D. Williams
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Eoin M. Scanlan
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
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18
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Joshi R, Mukherjee DD, Chakrabarty S, Martin A, Jadhao M, Chakrabarti G, Sarkar A, Ghosh SK. Unveiling the Potential of Unfused Bichromophoric Naphthalimide To Induce Cytotoxicity by Binding to Tubulin: Breaks Monotony of Naphthalimides as Conventional Intercalators. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:3680-3695. [PMID: 29561610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the development of small-molecule drug candidates, naphthalimide-based compounds hold a very important position as potent anticancer agents with considerable safety in drug discoveries. Being synthetically and readily accessible, naphthalimide compounds with planar architecture have been developed mostly as DNA-targeting intercalators. However, in this article, it is demonstrated, for the first time, that an unfused naphthalimide-benzothiazole bichromophoric compound 2-(6-chlorobenzo[ d] thiazol-2-yl)-1 H-benzo[ de] isoquinoline-1,3(2 H)-dione (CBIQD), seems to expand the bioactivity of naphthalimide as anti-mitotic agent also. Preliminary studies demonstrate that CBIQD interferes with human lung cancer (A549) cell proliferation and growth and causes cellular morphological changes. However, the underlying mechanism of its antitumor action and primary cellular target in A549 cells remained skeptical. Confocal microscopy in A549 cells revealed disruption of interphase microtubule (MT) network and formation of aberrant multipolar spindle. Consistent with microscopy results, UV-vis, steady-state fluorescence, and time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) studies demonstrate that CBIQD efficiently binds to tubulin ( Kb = 2.03 × 105 M-1 ± 1.88%), inhibits its polymerization, and depolymerizes preformed microtubules (MTs). Low doses of CBIQD have also shown specificity toward tubulin protein in the presence of a nonspecific protein like bovine serum albumin as well as other cytoskeleton component, actin. The in vitro determination of binding site coupled with in silico studies suggests that CBIQD may prefer to occupy the colchicine binding site. Further, CBIQD perturbed tubulin conformation to some extent and protected ∼1.4 cysteine residues toward chemical modification by 5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid. We also suggest the possible mechanism underlying CBIQD-induced cancer cell cytotoxicity: CBIQD, when bound to tubulin, may prevent it to maintain a straight conformation; consequently, the α- and β-heterodimers might be no longer available for MT growth. Thus, the consolidated spectroscopic research described herein explores the potential of CBIQD as a new paradigm in the design and development of novel unfused or nonring-fused naphthalimide-based antimitotic cancer therapeutics in medicinal chemistry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Joshi
- Department of Chemistry , Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology , Nagpur , Maharashtra 440010 , India
| | - Dipanwita Das Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Calcutta , 35 Ballygunge Circular Road , Kolkata , West Bengal 700019 , India
| | - Subhendu Chakrabarty
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Calcutta , 35 Ballygunge Circular Road , Kolkata , West Bengal 700019 , India
| | - Ansie Martin
- CMBL, Department of Biological Sciences , BITS-Pilani , K.K. Birla Goa Campus , Zuarinagar , Goa 403726 , India
| | - Manojkumar Jadhao
- Department of Chemistry , Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology , Nagpur , Maharashtra 440010 , India
| | - Gopal Chakrabarti
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Calcutta , 35 Ballygunge Circular Road , Kolkata , West Bengal 700019 , India
| | - Angshuman Sarkar
- CMBL, Department of Biological Sciences , BITS-Pilani , K.K. Birla Goa Campus , Zuarinagar , Goa 403726 , India
| | - Sujit Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry , Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology , Nagpur , Maharashtra 440010 , India
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19
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Poynton FE, Bright SA, Blasco S, Williams DC, Kelly JM, Gunnlaugsson T. The development of ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes and conjugates for in vitro cellular and in vivo applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:7706-7756. [PMID: 29177281 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00680b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium(ii) [Ru(ii)] polypyridyl complexes have been the focus of intense investigations since work began exploring their supramolecular interactions with DNA. In recent years, there have been considerable efforts to translate this solution-based research into a biological environment with the intention of developing new classes of probes, luminescent imaging agents, therapeutics and theranostics. In only 10 years the field has expanded with diverse applications for these complexes as imaging agents and promising candidates for therapeutics. In light of these efforts this review exclusively focuses on the developments of these complexes in biological systems, both in cells and in vivo, and hopes to communicate to readers the diversity of applications within which these complexes have found use, as well as new insights gained along the way and challenges that researchers in this field still face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus E Poynton
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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20
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Guo H, Zhu L, Dang C, Zhao J, Dick B. Synthesis and photophysical properties of ruthenium(ii) polyimine complexes decorated with flavin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:17504-17516. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02358a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorescent emission from a flavin localized triplet excited state (3IL) is observed for the first time in a flavin decorated tris(dipyridine) Ru(ii) complex with strong visible light absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Can Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Bernhard Dick
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- Regensburg
- Germany
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21
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Shanmugaraju S, la Cour Poulsen B, Arisa T, Umadevi D, Dalton HL, Hawes CS, Estalayo-Adrián S, Savyasachi AJ, Watson GW, Williams DC, Gunnlaugsson T. Synthesis, structural characterisation and antiproliferative activity of a new fluorescent 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's base–Ru(ii)–curcumin organometallic conjugate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:4120-4123. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01584h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biological investigation of a new Tröger's base–Ru(ii)–curcumin conjugate is described.
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22
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Estalayo-Adrián S, Garnir K, Moucheron C. Perspectives of ruthenium(ii) polyazaaromatic photo-oxidizing complexes photoreactive towards tryptophan-containing peptides and derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:322-337. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06542f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on recent advances in the search for RuII polyazaaromatic complexes as molecular photoreagents for tryptophan-containing peptides and proteins, in view of future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Estalayo-Adrián
- Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, (U. L. B.)
- 1050 Bruxelles
- Belgium
| | - K. Garnir
- Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, (U. L. B.)
- 1050 Bruxelles
- Belgium
| | - C. Moucheron
- Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, (U. L. B.)
- 1050 Bruxelles
- Belgium
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23
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Dalton HL, Lynes AD, Twamley B, Byrne K, Schmitt W, Hawes CS, Gunnlaugsson T. Exploring the reversible host–guest chemistry of a crystalline octanuclear Ag(i) metallosupramolecular macrocycle formed from a simple pyrazinylpyridine ligand. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:17266-17275. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04583f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High nuclearity Ag(i) assemblies are prepared from simple polytopic ligands, including an octanuclear metallomacrocycle which exhibits reversible and selective guest exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L. Dalton
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- The University of Dublin
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Amy D. Lynes
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- The University of Dublin
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry
- University of Dublin
- Trinity College
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Kevin Byrne
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices
- The University of Dublin
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Wolfgang Schmitt
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices
- The University of Dublin
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Chris S. Hawes
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Keele University
- Keele ST5 5BG
- UK
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- The University of Dublin
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
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24
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Saini A, Thomas KRJ, Sachdev A, Gopinath P. Photophysics, Electrochemistry, Morphology, and Bioimaging Applications of New 1,8-Naphthalimide Derivatives Containing Different Chromophores. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2612-2622. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Saini
- Organic Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee 247 667 India
| | - K. R. Justin Thomas
- Organic Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee 247 667 India
| | - Abhay Sachdev
- Centre of Nanotechnology and Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee 247 667 India
| | - Packirisamy Gopinath
- Centre of Nanotechnology and Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee 247 667 India
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25
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Jarzebski A, Tenten C, Bannwarth C, Schnakenburg G, Grimme S, Lützen A. Diastereoselective Self-Assembly of a Neutral Dinuclear Double-Stranded Zinc(II) Helicate via Narcissistic Self-Sorting. Chemistry 2017. [PMID: 28650081 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A new bis(salicylimine) ligand based on the Tröger's base scaffold was synthesized in racemic and enantiomerically pure form. Upon coordination to zinc(II) ions this ligand undergoes highly diastereoselective self-assembly into neutral dinuclear double-stranded helicates as proven by XRD analysis and via comparison of experimental ECD spectra with those simulated with quantum-chemical methods. When the racemic ligand was used, self-assembly occurs under narcissistic self-sorting resulting in the formation of a racemic pair of helicates as revealed by NMR spectroscopy and XRD analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Jarzebski
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Tenten
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Bannwarth
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Arne Lützen
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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26
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Rabbani R, Masson E. Probing Interactions between Hydrocarbons and Auxiliary Guests inside Cucurbit[8]uril. Org Lett 2017; 19:4303-4306. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Rabbani
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Eric Masson
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
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27
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Mallepally RR, Chintakuntla N, Putta VR, K N, Vuradi RK, P M, S SS, Chitumalla RK, Jang J, Penumaka N, Sirasani S. Synthesis, Spectral Properties and DFT Calculations of new Ruthenium (II) Polypyridyl Complexes; DNA Binding Affinity and in Vitro Cytotoxicity Activity. J Fluoresc 2017; 27:1513-1530. [PMID: 28432633 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-017-2091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this paper a novel ligand debip (2-(4-N,N-diethylbenzenamine)1H-imidazo[4,5-f] [1, 10]phenanthroline) and its Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes [Ru(L)2(debip)]2+, (L = phen (1), bpy (2) and dmb (3)) have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The DNA binding studies for all these complexes were examined by absorption, emission, quenching studies, viscosity measurements and cyclic voltammetry. The light switching properties of complexes 1-3 have been evaluated. Molecular docking, Density Functional Theory (DFT) and time dependent DFT calculations were performed. The Ru(II) complexes exhibited efficient photocleavage activity against pBR322 DNA upon irradiation and exhibited good antimicrobial activity. Also investigated 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) against selected cancer cell lines (HeLa, PC3, Lancap, MCF-7 and MD-MBA 231).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nagamani Chintakuntla
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500007, India
| | - Venkat Reddy Putta
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500007, India
| | - Nagasuryaprasad K
- Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500007, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Vuradi
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500007, India
| | - Madhuri P
- Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500007, India
| | - Satyanarayana Singh S
- Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500007, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar Chitumalla
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonkyung Jang
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Nagababu Penumaka
- Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-IICT, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
- CSIR-NEERI Kolkata Zonal Laboratory, 1-8, Sector C, East Kolkata, Area Development Projecct, P.O. East Kolkata, Township, Kolkata, 700107, India
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28
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Tandon R, Luxami V, Kaur H, Tandon N, Paul K. 1,8-Naphthalimide: A Potent DNA Intercalator and Target for Cancer Therapy. CHEM REC 2017; 17:956-993. [PMID: 28375569 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The poor pharmacokinetics, side effects and particularly the rapid emergence of drug resistance compromise the efficiency of clinically used anticancer drugs. Therefore, the discovery of novel and effective drugs is still an extremely primary mission. Naphthalimide family is one of the highly active anticancer drug based upon effective intercalator with DNA. In this article, we review the discovery and development of 1,8-naphthalimide moiety, and, especially, pay much attention to the structural modifications and structure activity relationships. The review demonstrates how modulation of the moiety affecting naphthalimide compound for DNA binding that is achieved to afford a profile of antitumor activity. The DNA binding of imide and ring substitution at naphthalimide, bisnaphthalimide, naphthalimide-metal complexes is achieved by molecular recognition through intercalation mode. Thus, this synthetic/natural small molecule can act as a drug when activation or inhibition of DNA function, is required to cure or control the cancer disease. The present study is a review of the advances in 1,8-naphthalimide-related research, with a focus on how such derivatives are intercalated into DNA for their anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjhun Tandon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Lovely, Professional University, Phagwara-, 144411, India
| | - Vijay Luxami
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar University, Patiala-, 147004, India
| | - Harsovin Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Lovely, Professional University, Phagwara-, 144411, India
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Lovely, Professional University, Phagwara-, 144411, India
| | - Kamaldeep Paul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar University, Patiala-, 147004, India
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29
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Shanmugaraju S, McAdams D, Pancotti F, Hawes CS, Veale EB, Kitchen JA, Gunnlaugsson T. One-pot facile synthesis of 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide derived Tröger's bases via a nucleophilic displacement approach. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:7321-7329. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01835e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report here a novel one-pot synthetic strategy for the synthesis of a family of N-alkyl-1,8-naphthalimide derived Tröger's bases (in overall yield of 65–96%) via a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankarasekaran Shanmugaraju
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Deirdre McAdams
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Francesca Pancotti
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Chris S. Hawes
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Emma B. Veale
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Jonathan A. Kitchen
- Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- University of Southampton-Highfield
- Southampton
- UK
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
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30
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Anjong TF, Kim G, Jang HY, Yoon J, Kim J. Diiridium(iii) complexes: luminescent probes and sensors for G-quadruplex DNA and endoplasmic reticulum imaging. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02890j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two new dinuclear iridium (Ir) complexes bridged by a conjugated aromatic tppz ligand, (bhq)2Ir(tppz)Ir(bhq)2(1) and (ppy)2Ir(tppz)Ir(ppy)2(2) (bhq = benzo(h)quinolone, ppy = phenyl-pyridine, tppz = tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c:3′′,2′′-h:2′′′,3′′′-j]phenazine), were prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gyoungmi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 120-750
- Korea
| | - Ha Yoon Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 120-750
- Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 120-750
- Korea
| | - Jinheung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 120-750
- Korea
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31
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Qiu F, Wan Y, Huang SY, Zhou QJ, Cui H, Chu YH, Zhou SL, Han XE, Wu H. Crystal structure of 1,1′-diformyl-4,4′-(6 H,12 H-5,11-methano-dibenzo[ b, f][ 11, 5]diazocine-2,8-diyl)dibenzene, C 29H 22N 2O 2. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2015-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C29H22N2O2, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 22.4995(6) Å, b = 9.9370(3) Å, c = 21.6466(6) Å, β = 115.941(1)°, V = 4352.1(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0487, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1473, T = 296 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiansu Province, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangu Province, P. R. China
| | - Shu-ying Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangu Province, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-ju Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangu Province, P. R. China
| | - Hao Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangu Province, P. R. China
| | - Yan-huan Chu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiansu Province, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Liang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangu Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-en Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiansu Province, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangu Province, P. R. China
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32
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Sun Y, Li J, Zhao H, Tan L. Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes with 1,8-naphthalimide group as DNA binder, photonuclease, and dual inhibitors of topoisomerases I and IIα. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 163:88-94. [PMID: 27470011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Two ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes containing 1,8-naphthalimide group as DNA binders, photonucleases, and inhibitors of topoisomerases I and IIα are evaluated. The binding properties of [Ru(phen)2(pnip)]2+ {1; phen=1,10-phenanthroline; pnip=12-[N-(p-phenyl)-1,8-napthalimide]- imidazo[4',5'-f] [1,10]phenanthroline} and [Ru(bpy)2(pnip)]2+ (2; bpy=2,2'-bipyridine) with calf thymus DNA increases with increasing the bulkiness and hydrophobic character of ancillary ligands, although the two complexes possess high affinities for DNA via intercalation. Moreover, photoirradiation (λ=365nm) of the two complexes are found to induce strand cleavage of closed circular pBR322 plasmid DNA via singlet oxygen mechanism, while complex 1 displays more effective photocleavage activity than complex 2 under the same conditions. Topoisomerase inhibition and DNA strand passage assay reflect that complexes 1 and 2 are efficient dual poisons of topoisomerases I and IIα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Sun
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, PR China
| | - Hong Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, PR China
| | - Lifeng Tan
- Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, PR China.
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33
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Ou Z, Qian Y, Gao Y, Wang Y, Yang G, Li Y, Jiang K, Wang X. Photophysical, G-quadruplex DNA binding and cytotoxic properties of terpyridine complexes with a naphthalimide ligand. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01441k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex3inhibits A549 cells selectively over non-cancerous NIH3T3 cells, which may correlate with its selective G-quadruplex binding and nuclear location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhize Ou
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Yimeng Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Yunyan Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Yunqing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Convesion and Optoelectronic Material
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyue Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
| | - Xin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
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34
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Poulsen BC, Estalayo-Adrián S, Blasco S, Bright SA, Kelly JM, Williams DC, Gunnlaugsson T. Luminescent ruthenium polypyridyl complexes with extended ‘dppz’ like ligands as DNA targeting binders and cellular agents. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:18208-18220. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03792e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA-binding and phototoxicity of Ru(ii) complexes with ligands derived from pyrazinodipyridophenazine and either phen or TAP as ancillary ligands are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn C. Poulsen
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Sandra Estalayo-Adrián
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Salvador Blasco
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Sandra A. Bright
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - John M. Kelly
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - D. Clive Williams
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
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35
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Reddy MB, Reddy PG, Shailaja M, Manjula A, Rao TP. CuI-catalyzed amination of Tröger's base halides: a convenient method for synthesis of unsymmetrical Tröger's bases. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21437a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient and efficient Ullmann type copper catalyzed amination method has been developed for direct amination of halogen substituted Tröger's base analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manda Bhaskar Reddy
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Potuganti Gal Reddy
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Myadaraboina Shailaja
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Alla Manjula
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Tadikamalla Prabhakar Rao
- Centre for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Structural Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
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36
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Shishkanova TV, Havlík M, Dendisová M, Matějka P, Král V. Synthesis and deposition of a Tröger’s base polymer on the electrode surface for potentiometric detection of a neuroblastoma tumor marker metabolite. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11991-11994. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06203b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We propose an innovative approach to detect a low molecular weight metabolite of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. V. Shishkanova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague
- Technická 5
- Czech Republic
| | - M. Havlík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague
- Technická 5
- Czech Republic
| | - M. Dendisová
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague
- Technická 5
- Czech Republic
| | - P. Matějka
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague
- Technická 5
- Czech Republic
| | - V. Král
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague
- Technická 5
- Czech Republic
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37
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Cloonan SM, Elmes RBP, Erby M, Bright SA, Poynton FE, Nolan DE, Quinn SJ, Gunnlaugsson T, Williams DC. Detailed Biological Profiling of a Photoactivated and Apoptosis Inducing pdppz Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complex in Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4494-505. [PMID: 25961430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium polypyridyl complexes show great promise as new photodynamic therapy (PDT) agents. However, a lack of detailed understanding of their mode of action in cells poses a challenge to their development. We have designed a new Ru(II) PDT candidate that efficiently enters cells by incorporation of the lipophilic aromatic pdppz ([2,3-h]dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine) ligand and exhibits photoactivity through incorporation of 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene ancillary ligands. Its photoreactivity toward biomolecules was studied in vitro, where light activation caused DNA cleavage. Cellular internalization occurred via an energy dependent mechanism. Confocal and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the complex localizes in various organelles, including the mitochondria. The complex is nontoxic in the dark, with cellular clearance within 96 h; however, upon visible light activation it induces caspase-dependent and reactive-oxygen-species-dependent apoptosis, with low micromolar IC50 values. This investigation greatly increases our understanding of such systems in cellulo, aiding development and realization of their application in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Cloonan
- †School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Robert B P Elmes
- ‡School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - MariaLuisa Erby
- †School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sandra A Bright
- †School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Fergus E Poynton
- ‡School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Derek E Nolan
- †School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Susan J Quinn
- §School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- ‡School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - D Clive Williams
- †School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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38
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Ryan GJ, Poynton FE, Elmes RBP, Erby M, Williams DC, Quinn SJ, Gunnlaugsson T. Unexpected DNA binding properties with correlated downstream biological applications in mono vs. bis-1,8-naphthalimide Ru(ii)-polypyridyl conjugates. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:16332-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of two 1,8-napthalimide-conjugated Ru(ii)-polypyridyl complexes which exhibit different DNA binding and photocleavage behavior is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J. Ryan
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Fergus E. Poynton
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Robert B. P. Elmes
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Marialuisa Erby
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology
- and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - D. Clive Williams
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology
- and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Susan J. Quinn
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI)
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
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39
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Nath JK, Baruah JB. Cyclic aromatic imides as a potential class of molecules for supramolecular interactions. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prospects of stacking interactions of imides beneficial to generation of new soft materials are projected by analysing examples of primary building blocks that provide a basis for understanding at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta K. Nath
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - Jubaraj B. Baruah
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati 781 039, India
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40
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Li J, Sun Y, Xie L, He X, Tan L. Effect of ancillary ligands on the interaction of ruthenium(II) complexes with the triplex RNA poly(U)·poly(A)*poly(U). J Inorg Biochem 2014; 143:56-63. [PMID: 25528478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Two new Ru(II) complexes with 1,8-naphthalimide group, [Ru(phen)2(pnip)](2+) (Ru1; phen=1,10-phenanthroline, pnip=2-[N-(p-phenyl)-1,8-napthalimide]imidazo[4',5'-f][1,10]phenanthroline) and [Ru(bpy)2(pnip)](2+) (Ru2; bpy=2,2'-bipyridine), have been synthesized and characterized. The interactions of Ru1 and Ru2 with the triplex RNA poly(U)•poly(A)*poly(U) (where • denotes the Watson-Crick base pairing and * denotes the Hoogsteen base pairing) were studied by various biophysical. Electronic spectra established that the binding affinity for Ru1 was greater than that for Ru2. Fluorescence and viscosity studies gave convincing evidence for a true intercalative binding of both complexes with the RNA triplex. UV melting studies confirmed that the two complexes could stabilize the triplex, whereas the effects of the two complexes on the stability of the Hoogsteen base-paired strand ploy(U) and the Watson-Crick base-paired duplex poly(U)•poly(A) of the triplex were different. In the case of Ru1, the increase of the thermal stability of the Hoogsteen base-paired strand was stronger than that of the Watson-Crick base-paired duplex. However, an opposite effect was observed in the case of Ru2. Circular dichroic studies suggested that the RNA triplex undergoes a conformational transition in the presence of Ru1, whereas the helicity of the RNA triplex still remains A-type in the presence of Ru2. The main results obtained here further advance our knowledge on the interaction of RNA triple-stranded structures with metal complexes, particularly ruthenium(II) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, PR China
| | - Yanmei Sun
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, PR China
| | - Lingjun Xie
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, PR China
| | - Xiaojun He
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, PR China
| | - Lifeng Tan
- Key Lab of Environment-friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, PR China.
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41
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Banerjee S, Bright SA, Smith JA, Burgeat J, Martinez-Calvo M, Williams DC, Kelly JM, Gunnlaugsson T. Supramolecular Approach to Enantioselective DNA Recognition Using Enantiomerically Resolved Cationic 4-Amino-1,8-naphthalimide-Based Tröger’s Bases. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9272-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501711g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Banerjee
- School
of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sandra A. Bright
- School
of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jayden A. Smith
- School
of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jeremy Burgeat
- School
of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Miguel Martinez-Calvo
- School
of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - D. Clive Williams
- School
of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John M. Kelly
- School
of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School
of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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42
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Manda BR, Alla M, Ganji RJ, Addlagatta A. Discovery of Tröger's base analogues as selective inhibitors against human breast cancer cell line: design, synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:39-47. [PMID: 25140752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A library of structurally diverse Tröger's base analogues has been constructed via unusual amination of methylene bridge employing Vilsmeier-Haack conditions as well as by the incorporation of five and six membered heterocycles on the aromatic core of Tröger's base framework. The constructed structurally diverse frameworks were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against a panel of three human cancer lines A549 (lung adenocarcinoma), MDAMB-231 (breast) and SK-N-SH (neuroblastoma). From the activity profile obtained, a redesign of Tröger's base analogues led to the construction of more potent molecular entities. The study led to development of a series of compounds with MDAMB-231 cell line specific cytotoxicity. Of the 30 compounds synthesized and evaluated, 7 compounds were found to possess cytotoxicity that is equivalent or better than standard drug doxorubicin against MDAMB-231 cell line while only one compound was found to be active against SK-N-SH cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Reddy Manda
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 607, India
| | - Manjula Alla
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 607, India.
| | - Roopa Jones Ganji
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 607, India
| | - Anthony Addlagatta
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 607, India.
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Murphy S, Bright SA, Poynton FE, McCabe T, Kitchen JA, Veale EB, Williams DC, Gunnlaugsson T. Synthesis, photophysical and cytotoxicity evaluations of DNA targeting agents based on 3-amino-1,8-naphthalimide derived Tröger's bases. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:6610-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42213e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Sun X, Xu Q, Kim G, Flower SE, Lowe JP, Yoon J, Fossey JS, Qian X, Bull SD, James TD. A water-soluble boronate-based fluorescent probe for the selective detection of peroxynitrite and imaging in living cells. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01417k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Langdon-Jones EE, Symonds NO, Yates SE, Hayes AJ, Lloyd D, Williams R, Coles SJ, Horton PN, Pope SJ. Fluorescent Rhenium-Naphthalimide Conjugates as Cellular Imaging Agents. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:3788-97. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500142z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Langdon-Jones
- School
of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
| | - Nadine O. Symonds
- School
of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
| | - Sara E. Yates
- School
of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
| | - Anthony J. Hayes
- School
of Biosciences, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
| | - David Lloyd
- School
of Biosciences, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
| | - Rebecca Williams
- School
of Biosciences, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
| | - Simon J. Coles
- National
Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental
Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, England, U.K
| | - Peter N. Horton
- National
Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental
Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, England, U.K
| | - Simon J.A. Pope
- School
of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
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46
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Havlík M, Dolenský B, Jakubek M, Král V. Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Tröger's Bases Bearing Groups Sensitive to Reduction. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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47
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Byrne JP, Kitchen JA, Kotova O, Leigh V, Bell AP, Boland JJ, Albrecht M, Gunnlaugsson T. Synthesis, structural, photophysical and electrochemical studies of various d-metal complexes of btp [2,6-bis(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine] ligands that give rise to the formation of metallo-supramolecular gels. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:196-209. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52309h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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48
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Kitchen JA, Martinho PN, Morgan GG, Gunnlaugsson T. Synthesis, crystal structure and EPR spectroscopic analysis of novel copper complexes formed from N-pyridyl-4-nitro-1,8-naphthalimide ligands. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:6468-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of two new monodentate pyridyl based 4-nitro-1,8-naphthalimide ligands and their corresponding Cu-complexes (using various salts) is described. Of these, complexes 1–3 and 5, all gave rise to structures that were characterised by X-ray crystallography and EPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Kitchen
- School of Chemistry
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2, Ireland
- Chemistry
| | - Paulo N. Martinho
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4, Ireland
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- CQB
| | - Grace G. Morgan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2, Ireland
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49
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Gill MR, Cecchin D, Walker MG, Mulla RS, Battaglia G, Smythe C, Thomas JA. Targeting the endoplasmic reticulum with a membrane-interactive luminescent ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complex†Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental details, characterization of 2 and Fig. S1-S6. See DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51725jClick here for additional data file. Chem Sci 2013; 4:4512-4519. [PMID: 25580209 PMCID: PMC4285105 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51725j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization and bioactivity of the dinuclear ruthenium(ii) complex [(Ru(DIP)2)2(tpphz)]4+ (DIP = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline and tpphz = tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c:3'',2''-h:2''',3'''-j]phenazine) is reported. This new complex is found to be luminescent in acetonitrile, where excitation into MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge-transfer) bands in the visible area of the spectrum (λex = 450 nm, ε = 45 000 M-1 cm-1) result in red emission (λem,max = 620 nm, ΦMLCT = 0.017). Aqueous in vitro binding studies indicate that this complex binds to duplex DNA with an affinity of 1.8 × 106 M-1 through a non-classical groove-binding interaction, however, unlike the parent complex [(Ru(phen)2)2(tpphz)]4+ (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), it also displays an increase in MLCT luminescence on addition of liposomes. Confocal microscopy and TEM studies show that this lipophilic complex targets the endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotic cells, where it functions as an imaging agent for this organelle, and cytotoxicity studies in human cancer cell lines indicate a comparable potency to the anti-cancer drug cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Gill
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)114 22 29325 ; Department of Biomedical Science , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)114 222 2787 ; Tel: +44 (0)114 222 2320
| | - Denis Cecchin
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , London , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)20 7679 4623
| | - Michael G Walker
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)114 22 29325
| | - Raminder S Mulla
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)114 22 29325
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , London , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)20 7679 4623
| | - Carl Smythe
- Department of Biomedical Science , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)114 222 2320
| | - Jim A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)114 22 29325
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50
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Zhao J, Wu W, Sun J, Guo S. Triplet photosensitizers: from molecular design to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5323-51. [PMID: 23450221 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35531d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 913] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Triplet photosensitizers (PSs) are compounds that can be efficiently excited to the triplet excited state which subsequently act as catalysts in photochemical reactions. The name is originally derived from compounds that were used to transfer the triplet energy to other compounds that have only a small intrinsic triplet state yield. Triplet PSs are not only used for triplet energy transfer, but also for photocatalytic organic reactions, photodynamic therapy (PDT), photoinduced hydrogen production from water and triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) upconversion. A good PS should exhibit strong absorption of the excitation light, a high yield of intersystem crossing (ISC) for efficient production of the triplet state, and a long triplet lifetime to allow for the reaction with a reactant molecule. Most transition metal complexes show efficient ISC, but small molar absorption coefficients in the visible spectral region and short-lived triplet excited states, which make them unsuitable as triplet PSs. One obstacle to the development of new triplet PSs is the difficulty in predicting the ISC of chromophores, especially of organic compounds without any heavy atoms. This review article summarizes some molecular design rationales for triplet PSs, based on the molecular structural factors that facilitate ISC. The design of transition metal complexes with large molar absorption coefficients in the visible spectral region and long-lived triplet excited states is presented. A new method of using a spin converter to construct heavy atom-free organic triplet PSs is discussed, with which ISC becomes predictable, C60 being an example. To enhance the performance of triplet PSs, energy funneling based triplet PSs are proposed, which show broadband absorption in the visible region. Applications of triplet PSs in photocatalytic organic reactions, hydrogen production, triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion and luminescent oxygen sensing are briefly introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E 208 Western Compus, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian 116012, P.R. China.
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