1
|
Dean TT, Jelú-Reyes J, Allen AC, Moore TW. Peptide-Drug Conjugates: An Emerging Direction for the Next Generation of Peptide Therapeutics. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1641-1661. [PMID: 38277480 PMCID: PMC10922862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Building on recent advances in peptide science, medicinal chemists have developed a hybrid class of bioconjugates, called peptide-drug conjugates, that demonstrate improved efficacy compared to peptides and small molecules independently. In this Perspective, we discuss how the conjugation of synergistic peptides and small molecules can be used to overcome complex disease states and resistance mechanisms that have eluded contemporary therapies because of their multi-component activity. We highlight how peptide-drug conjugates display a multi-factor therapeutic mechanism similar to that of antibody-drug conjugates but also demonstrate improved therapeutic properties such as less-severe off-target effects and conjugation strategies with greater site-specificity. The many considerations that go into peptide-drug conjugate design and optimization, such as peptide/small-molecule pairing and chemo-selective chemistries, are discussed. We also examine several peptide-drug conjugate series that demonstrate notable activity toward complex disease states such as neurodegenerative disorders and inflammation, as well as viral and bacterial targets with established resistance mechanisms.
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang C, Li Q, Sun L, Wang X, Wang H, Zhang W, Li J, Liu Y, Lu L, Jiang S. An Artificial Peptide-Based Bifunctional HIV-1 Entry Inhibitor That Interferes with Viral Glycoprotein-41 Six-Helix Bundle Formation and Antagonizes CCR5 on the Host Cell Membrane. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051038. [PMID: 37243126 DOI: 10.3390/v15051038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is characterized by high variability and drug resistance. This has necessitated the development of antivirals with a new chemotype and therapy. We previously identified an artificial peptide with non-native protein sequence, AP3, with the potential to inhibit HIV-1 fusion through targeting hydrophobic grooves on the N-terminal heptad repeat trimer of viral glycoprotein gp41. Here, a small-molecule HIV-1 inhibitor targeting chemokine coreceptor CCR5 on the host cell was integrated into the AP3 peptide, producing a novel dual-target inhibitor with improved activity against multiple HIV-1 strains including those resistant to the currently used anti-HIV-1 drug enfuvirtide. Its superior antiviral potency in comparison with the respective pharmacophoric moieties is in consonance with the dual binding of viral gp41 and host factor CCR5. Therefore, our work provides a potent artificial peptide-based bifunctional HIV-1 entry inhibitor and highlights the multitarget-directed ligands approach in the development of novel therapeutic anti-HIV-1 agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lujia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of the Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of the Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang H, Wang X, Li J, Li Q, Feng S, Lu L, Wang C, Jiang S. Design of artificial α-helical peptides targeting both gp41 deep pocket and subpocket as potent HIV-1 fusion inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 236:114336. [PMID: 35395438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Both the deep pocket region and its neighboring subpocket site on the N-trimer of HIV-1 gp41 protein can serve as targets for the development of HIV-1 entry inhibitors. Pocket-binding domain (PBD)-containing peptides with the potential to inhibit HIV-1 fusion through targeting the deep pocket have been extensively exploited. However, using an artificial peptide strategy, we herein report the design of α-helical lipopeptides with non-native protein sequences as HIV-1 fusion inhibitors that can occupy both gp41 deep cavity and subpocket sites. The most active compound, PP24C, inhibited HIV-1 replication, including T20-resistant HIV-1 mutants, at low nanomolar level. Biophysical approaches revealed that both the artificial α-helical peptide P35A4 and its cholesterol-tagged peptide PP24C could bind to T21 peptide used as a target surrogate comprising both pockets. Our study offers a new template for the design of artificial anti-HIV-1 therapeutics and highlights the novel concept of peptide secondary structure-based virus fusion inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xinling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery of the Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Siliang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang H, Wang C. Peptide-Based Dual HIV and Coronavirus Entry Inhibitors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1366:87-100. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8702-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
5
|
Meng G, Pu J, Li Y, Han A, Tian Y, Xu W, Zhang T, Li X, Lu L, Wang C, Jiang S, Liu K. Design and Biological Evaluation of m-Xylene Thioether-Stapled Short Helical Peptides Targeting the HIV-1 gp41 Hexameric Coiled-Coil Fusion Complex. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8773-8783. [PMID: 31513410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Short peptide-based inhibition of fusion remains an attractive goal in antihuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) research based on its potential for the development of technically and economically desirable antiviral agents. Herein, we report the use of the dithiol bisalkylation reaction to generate a series of m-xylene thioether-stapled 22-residue α-helical peptides that have been identified as fusion inhibitors targeting HIV-1 glycoprotein 41 (gp41). The peptide sequence is based on the helix-zone binding domain of the gp41 C-terminal heptad repeat region. We found that one of these stapled peptides, named hCS6ERE, showed promising inhibitory potency against HIV-1 Env-mediated cell-cell fusion and viral replication at a level comparable to the clinically used 36-mer peptide T20. Furthermore, combining hCS6ERE with a fusion inhibitor having a different target site, such as HP23, produced synergistic anti-HIV-1 activity. Collectively, our study offers new insight into the design of anti-HIV peptides with short sequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangpeng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of the Ministry of Education , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Jing Pu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center , Fudan University , 131 Dong An Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of the Ministry of Education , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Aixin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , 27 Tai-Ping Road , Beijing 100850 , China
| | - Yangli Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , 27 Tai-Ping Road , Beijing 100850 , China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center , Fudan University , 131 Dong An Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , 27 Tai-Ping Road , Beijing 100850 , China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , 27 Tai-Ping Road , Beijing 100850 , China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center , Fudan University , 131 Dong An Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , 27 Tai-Ping Road , Beijing 100850 , China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center , Fudan University , 131 Dong An Road , Shanghai 200032 , China.,Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute , New York Blood Center , 310 East 67th Street , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Keliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of the Ministry of Education , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , 27 Tai-Ping Road , Beijing 100850 , China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang C, Xia S, Zhang P, Zhang T, Wang W, Tian Y, Meng G, Jiang S, Liu K. Discovery of Hydrocarbon-Stapled Short α-Helical Peptides as Promising Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Fusion Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2018-2026. [PMID: 29442512 PMCID: PMC7075646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The hexameric α-helical coiled-coil formed between the C-terminal and N-terminal heptad repeat (CHR and NHR) regions of class I viral fusion proteins plays an important role in mediating the fusion of the viral and cellular membranes and provides a clear starting point for molecular mimicry that drives viral fusion inhibitor design. Unfortunately, such peptide mimicry of the short α-helical region in the CHR of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) spike protein has been thwarted by the loss of the peptide's native α-helical conformation when taken out of the parent protein structure. Here, we describe that appropriate all-hydrocarbon stapling of the short helical portion-based peptide to reinforce its bioactive secondary structure remarkably improves antiviral potency. The resultant stapled peptide P21S10 could effectively inhibit infection by MERS-CoV pseudovirus and its spike protein-mediated cell-cell fusion; additionally, P21S10 exhibits improved pharmacokinetic properties than HR2P-M2, suggesting strong potential for development as an anti-MERS-CoV therapeutic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , 27 Tai-Ping Road , Beijing 100850 , China
| | - Shuai Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center , Fudan University , 130 Dong An Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of the Ministry of Education , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , 27 Tai-Ping Road , Beijing 100850 , China
| | - Weicong Wang
- Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, Plastic Surgery Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100144 , China
| | - Yangli Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , 27 Tai-Ping Road , Beijing 100850 , China
| | - Guangpeng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of the Ministry of Education , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center , Fudan University , 130 Dong An Road , Shanghai 200032 , China.,Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute , New York Blood Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States
| | - Keliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , 27 Tai-Ping Road , Beijing 100850 , China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of the Ministry of Education , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
A novel bispecific peptide HIV-1 fusion inhibitor targeting the N-terminal heptad repeat and fusion peptide domains in gp41. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2867-2873. [PMID: 27631437 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 fusion with the target cell is initiated by the insertion of the gp41 fusion peptide (FP) into the target cell membrane and the interaction between the gp41 N- and C-terminal heptad repeats (NHR and CHR), followed by the formation of the six-helix bundle (6-HB) fusion core. Therefore, both FP and NHR are important targets for HIV-1 fusion inhibitors. Here, we designed and synthesized a dual-target peptidic HIV-1 fusion inhibitor, 4HR-LBD-VIRIP, in which 4HR-LBD is able to bind to the gp41 NHR domain, while VIRIP is able to interact with gp41 FP. We found that 4HR-LBD-VIRIP is about tenfold more potent than 4HR-LBD and VIRIP in inhibiting HIV-1IIIB infection and HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env)-mediated cell-cell fusion, suggesting that this dual-target HIV-1 fusion inhibitor possesses a strong synergistic antiviral effect. A biophysical analysis indicates that 4HR-LBD-VIRIP can interact with N70 peptide that contains the gp41 NHR and FP domains and binds with lipid membrane. This study provides a new approach for designing novel viral fusion inhibitors against HIV and other enveloped viruses with class I membrane fusion proteins.
Collapse
|
8
|
Rezaei Araghi R, Keating AE. Designing helical peptide inhibitors of protein-protein interactions. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 39:27-38. [PMID: 27123812 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Short helical peptides combine characteristics of small molecules and large proteins and provide an exciting area of opportunity in protein design. A growing number of studies report novel helical peptide inhibitors of protein-protein interactions. New techniques have been developed for peptide design and for chemically stabilizing peptides in a helical conformation, which frequently improves protease resistance and cell permeability. We summarize advances in peptide crosslinking chemistry and give examples of peptide design studies targeting coiled-coil transcription factors, Bcl-2 family proteins, MDM2/MDMX, and HIV gp41, among other targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Rezaei Araghi
- MIT Department of Biology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Amy E Keating
- MIT Department of Biology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; MIT Department of Biological Engineering, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Improved Pharmacological and Structural Properties of HIV Fusion Inhibitor AP3 over Enfuvirtide: Highlighting Advantages of Artificial Peptide Strategy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13028. [PMID: 26286358 PMCID: PMC4541410 DOI: 10.1038/srep13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Enfuvirtide (T20), is the first HIV fusion inhibitor approved for treatment of HIV/AIDS patients who fail to respond to the current antiretroviral drugs. However, its clinical application is limited because of short half-life, drug resistance and cross-reactivity with the preexisting antibodies in HIV-infected patients. Using an artificial peptide strategy, we designed a peptide with non-native protein sequence, AP3, which exhibited potent antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of HIV-1 strains, including those resistant to T20, and had remarkably longer in vivo half-life than T20. While the preexisting antibodies in HIV-infected patients significantly suppressed T20’s antiviral activity, these antibodies neither recognized AP3, nor attenuated its anti-HIV-1 activity. Structurally different from T20, AP3 could fold into single-helix and interact with gp41 NHR. The two residues, Met and Thr, at the N-terminus of AP3 form a hook-like structure to stabilize interaction between AP3 and NHR helices. Therefore, AP3 has potential for further development as a new HIV fusion inhibitor with improved antiviral efficacy, resistance profile and pharmacological properties over enfuvirtide. Meanwhile, this study highlighted the advantages of artificially designed peptides, and confirmed that this strategy could be used in developing artificial peptide-based viral fusion inhibitors against HIV and other enveloped viruses.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhu X, Yu F, Liu K, Lu L, Jiang S. An artificial peptide-based HIV-1 fusion inhibitor containing M-T hook structure exhibiting improved antiviral potency and drug resistance profile. Future Virol 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.15.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Aim: We previously designed an artificial HIV-1 fusion inhibitor, PBDtrp-m4HR. Here, we have added two amino acid residues that can form an M-T hook structure at its N-terminus, with the aim of improving its antiviral potency and drug-resistance profile. Methods: Peptides were synthesized and tested for their inhibitory activity on HIV-1 Env-mediated cell–cell fusion and infection by HIV-1 strains, including those resistant to T2635, the third generation HIV fusion inhibitor, as well as its binding affinity to the gp41 NHR-peptide N36. Results: MT-PBDtrp-m4HR exhibited improved inhibitory activity on HIV-1 infection and Env-mediated cell–cell fusion, displayed an improved drug-resistance profile and increased NHR-binding affinity. Conclusion: The added M-T hook is able to enhance or stabilize the interaction between MT-PBDtrp-m4HR and the viral gp41 NHR domain. Therefore, MT-PBDtrp-m4HR has potential to be further developed as a new HIV fusion inhibitor. The approach described in this study can also be used for designing artificial peptides against other enveloped viruses with class I membrane fusion proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education & Health, Shanghai Medical College & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education & Health, Shanghai Medical College & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keliang Liu
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education & Health, Shanghai Medical College & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education & Health, Shanghai Medical College & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang D, Li W, Jiang S. Peptide fusion inhibitors targeting the HIV-1 gp41: a patent review (2009 - 2014). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2014; 25:159-73. [PMID: 25428639 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.987752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As the first peptide HIV fusion inhibitor targeting gp41, enfuvirtide (T20) was approved by the US FDA in 2003 as a salvage therapy for HIV/AIDS patients who failed to respond to the then existing antiretroviral therapeutics. However, its clinical application is limited by its relatively low potency, low genetic barrier to drug resistance and short half-life. Therefore, it is essential to develop new peptide HIV fusion inhibitors with improved antiviral efficacy, drug-resistance profile and pharmaceutical properties. AREAS COVERED In this paper, we reviewed the patents, patent applications and related research articles for the development of new peptide fusion inhibitors targeting the HIV-1 gp41 published between 2009 and 2014. EXPERT OPINION To improve enfuvirtide's anti-HIV efficacy, drug-resistance profile, half-life and pharmaceutical properties, the best approaches include the addition of the pocket-binding domain (PBD) to the N-terminus of T20 and linking of the M-T hook to the N-terminus of PBD, as well as conjugation of cholesterol, serum albumin-binding motif or gp120-binding fragment with a PBD-containing C-terminal heptad repeat-peptide. Therefore, sifuvirtide from Tianjin FusoGen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., albuvirtide from Frontier Biotechnologies Co., Ltd., cholesterol-conjugated HIV fusion inhibitor from the Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 2DLT, a bivalent HIV fusion inhibitor/inactivator, and an enfuvirtide/sifuvirtide combination regimen from the New York Blood Center may all have potential as next-generation HIV fusion inhibitors targeting gp41 for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Zhang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang C, Lu L, Na H, Li X, Wang Q, Jiang X, Xu X, Yu F, Zhang T, Li J, Zhang Z, Zheng B, Liang G, Cai L, Jiang S, Liu K. Conjugation of a Nonspecific Antiviral Sapogenin with a Specific HIV Fusion Inhibitor: A Promising Strategy for Discovering New Antiviral Therapeutics. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7342-54. [PMID: 25156906 DOI: 10.1021/jm500763m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries
of Education and Health, Shanghai Medical College and Institute of
Medical Microbiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Heya Na
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiangpeng Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries
of Education and Health, Shanghai Medical College and Institute of
Medical Microbiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xifeng Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jinglai Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Baohua Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Guodong Liang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lifeng Cai
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries
of Education and Health, Shanghai Medical College and Institute of
Medical Microbiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Keliang Liu
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hydrophobic mutations in buried polar residues enhance HIV-1 gp41 N-terminal heptad repeat-C-terminal heptad repeat interactions and C-peptides' anti-HIV activity. AIDS 2014; 28:1251-60. [PMID: 24625369 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of mutations in a highly conserved buried polar area on the function of HIV-1 gp41. DESIGN During HIV-1 entry, a six helical bundle (6-HB) formation between the C-terminal and N-terminal heptad repeat (CHR and NHR) of gp41 provides energy for virus cell membrane fusion. In 6-HB, residues at a and d (a-d) positions of CHR directly interact with NHR and are buried. They are considered critical residues for 6-HB stability and for anti-HIV-1 activity of CHR-derived peptides (C-peptides). Most of a-d residues in CHR are hydrophobic, as buried hydrophobic residues facilitate protein stability. However, HIV-1 gp41 CHR contains a highly conserved polar area with four successive buried a-d polar residues: S649/Q652/N656/E659. We mutated these buried polar residues to hydrophobic residues, either Leu or Ile, and studied its effect on the gp41 NHR-CHR interactions and anti-HIV activities of the C-peptides. METHODS We measured the C-peptide mutants' ability to form 6-HB with NHR, thermal stability of the 6-HBs and C-peptides' inhibitory activity against both T20-sensitive and resistant HIV-1 strains. RESULTS All the mutated C-peptides retained their ability to form stable 6-HB with NHR and strongly inhibited HIV-1 replication. Strikingly, S649L and E659I mutations endow C-peptide with a significantly enhanced activity against T20-resistant HIV-1 strains. CONCLUSION The highly conserved buried a-d polar residues in HIV-1 gp41 CHR can be mutated as a means of developing new fusion inhibitors against drug-resistant HIV-1 strains. The concept can also be utilized to design fusion inhibitors against other viruses with similar mechanisms.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang C, Shi W, Cai L, Lu L, Yu F, Wang Q, Jiang X, Xu X, Wang K, Xu L, Jiang S, Liu K. Artificial peptides conjugated with cholesterol and pocket-specific small molecules potently inhibit infection by laboratory-adapted and primary HIV-1 isolates and enfuvirtide-resistant HIV-1 strains. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:1537-45. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
15
|
Xiao J, Tolbert TJ. Modular assembly of dimeric HIV fusion inhibitor peptides with enhanced antiviral potency. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6046-51. [PMID: 24094817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The HIV-1 envelope gp120/gp41 glycoprotein complex plays a critical role in virus-host cell membrane fusion and has been a focus for the development of HIV fusion inhibitors. In this Letter, we present the synthesis of dimers of HIV fusion inhibitor peptides C37H6 and CP32M, which target the trimeric gp41 in the pre-hairpin intermediate state to inhibit membrane fusion. Reactive peptide modules were synthesized using native chemical ligation and then assembled into dimers with varying linker lengths using Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) 'click' chemistry. Cell-cell fusion inhibition assays demonstrated that dimers with a (PEG)7 linker showed enhanced antiviral potency over the corresponding monomers. Moreover, the bio-orthogonal nature of the CuAAC 'click' reaction provides a practical way to assemble heterodimers of HIV fusion inhibitors. Heterodimers consisting of the T20-sensitive strain inhibitor C37H6 and the T20-resistant strain inhibitor CP32M were produced that may have broader spectrum activities against both T20-sensitive and T20-resistant strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Xiao
- Interdisciplinary Biochemistry Graduate Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|