1
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Structural and quantitative analysis of intermolecular solid-state interactions in cocrystals obtained from nucleobases and methylxanthines with gallic acid. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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2
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Yu H, Zhang B, Liu M, Xing W, Hu K, Yang S, He G, Gong N, Du G, Lu Y. Design, Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Five Cocrystal Hydrates of Fluconazole with Hydroxybenzoic Acids. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112486. [PMID: 36432677 PMCID: PMC9694130 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To modulate the physicochemical properties of fluconazole (FLZ), a multifunctional antifungal drug, the crystal engineering technique was employed. In this paper, five novel cocrystal hydrates of FLZ with a range of phenolic acids from the GRAS list, namely, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (24DHB), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (34DHB, form I and form II), 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (35DHB), and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (345THB) were disclosed and reported for the first time. Crystals of these five hydrates were all obtained for single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis. Robust (hydroxyl/carboxyl) O-H. . . Narom hydrogen bonds between acids and FLZ triazolyl moiety were observed to be dominant in guiding these crystal forms. The water molecule plays the role of supramolecular "linkage" in the strengthening and stabilization of these hydrates by interacting with FLZ and acids through O-H. . . O hydrogen bonds. In particular, the formation of FLZ-34DHB-H2O (1:1:1) significantly reduces hygroscopicity and hence improves the stability of FLZ, the latter of which is unstable and easily transforms into its monohydrate form. Increased initial dissolution rates were observed in the obtained cocrystal forms, and an enhanced intrinsic dissolution rate was obtained in FLZ-35DHB-H2O (1:1:1) in comparison with commercialized FLZ form II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Baoxi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meiju Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenhui Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kun Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shiying Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guorong He
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ningbo Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (N.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Guanhua Du
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (N.G.); (Y.L.)
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3
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Preparation and characterization of five 3D crystalline adducts from caffeine and organic acids. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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4
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Gołdyn M, Larowska D, Nowak W, Bartoszak-Adamska E. Synthon hierarchy in theobromine cocrystals with hydroxybenzoic acids as coformers. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01195a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cocrystals, solids composed of molecular and/or ionic compounds connected by noncovalent interactions, are objects of interest in crystal engineering. Theobromine, as an active pharmaceutical ingredient, was used in cocrystallization with dihydroxybenzoic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Gołdyn
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
| | - Daria Larowska
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
| | - Weronika Nowak
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
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5
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Gołdyn M, Larowska D, Nowak W, Bartoszak-Adamska E. Theobromine cocrystals with monohydroxybenzoic acids – synthesis, X-ray structural analysis, solubility and thermal properties. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01020c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Theobromine, a compound from the purine alkaloid group, is much less soluble in polar solvents than its analogues, i.e. caffeine and theophylline, that is why it was used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) model in cocrystal preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Gołdyn
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
| | - Daria Larowska
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
| | - Weronika Nowak
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
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6
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Tan D, Loots L, Friščić T. Towards medicinal mechanochemistry: evolution of milling from pharmaceutical solid form screening to the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:7760-81. [PMID: 27185190 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02015a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This overview highlights the emergent area of mechanochemical reactions for making active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and covers the latest advances in the recently established area of mechanochemical screening and synthesis of pharmaceutical solid forms, specifically polymorphs, cocrystals, salts and salt cocrystals. We also provide an overview of the most recent developments in pharmaceutical uses of mechanochemistry, including real-time reaction monitoring, techniques for polymorph control and approaches for continuous manufacture using twin screw extrusion, and more. Most importantly, we show how the overlap of previously unrelated areas of mechanochemical screening for API solid forms, organic synthesis by milling, and mechanochemical screening for molecular recognition, enables the emergence of a new research discipline in which different aspects of pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry are addressed through mechanochemistry rather than through conventional solution-based routes. The emergence of such medicinal mechanochemistry is likely to have a strong impact on future pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry, as it offers not only access to materials and reactivity that are sometimes difficult or even impossible to access from solution, but can also provide a general answer to the demands of the pharmaceutical industry for cleaner, safer and efficient synthetic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davin Tan
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W, H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada.
| | - Leigh Loots
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W, H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada.
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W, H3A 0B8 Montreal, Canada.
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7
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Fischer F, Wenzel KJ, Rademann K, Emmerling F. Quantitative determination of activation energies in mechanochemical reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:23320-5. [PMID: 27498986 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04280e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochemical reactions often result in 100% yields of single products, making purifying procedures obsolete. Mechanochemistry is also a sustainable and eco-friendly method. The ever increasing interest in this method is contrasted by a lack in mechanistic understanding of the mechanochemical reactivity and selectivity. Recent in situ investigations provided direct insight into formation pathways. However, the currently available theories do not predict temperature T as an influential factor. Here, we report the first determination of an apparent activation energy for a mechanochemical reaction. In a temperature-dependent in situ study the cocrystallisation of ibuprofen and nicotinamide was investigated as a model system. These experiments provide a pivotal step towards a comprehensive understanding of milling reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Fischer
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, R.-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany. and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, B.-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus-Jürgen Wenzel
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, R.-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Klaus Rademann
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, R.-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany. and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, B.-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, R.-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Synthesis, structural, solubility and anticancer activity studies of salts using nucleobases and sulfonic acids coformer. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Mohana M, Thomas Muthiah P, McMillen CD. Supramolecular architectures in two 1:1 cocrystals of 5-fluorouracil with 5-bromothiophene-2-carboxylic acid and thiophene-2-carboxylic acid. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2017; 73:481-485. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053229617007550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In solid-state engineering, cocrystallization is a strategy actively pursued for pharmaceuticals. Two 1:1 cocrystals of 5-fluorouracil (5FU; systematic name: 5-fluoro-1,3-dihydropyrimidine-2,4-dione), namely 5-fluorouracil–5-bromothiophene-2-carboxylic acid (1/1), C5H3BrO2S·C4H3FN2O2, (I), and 5-fluorouracil–thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (1/1), C4H3FN2O2·C5H4O2S, (II), have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. In both cocrystals, carboxylic acid molecules are linked through an acid–acid R
2
2(8) homosynthon (O—H...O) to form a carboxylic acid dimer and 5FU molecules are connected through two types of base pairs [homosynthon, R
2
2(8) motif] via a pair of N—H...O hydrogen bonds. The crystal structures are further stabilized by C—H...O interactions in (II) and C—Br...O interactions in (I). In both crystal structures, π–π stacking and C—F...π interactions are also observed.
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10
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Mohana M, Muthiah PT, McMillen CD. Supramolecular hydrogen-bonding patterns in 1:1 cocrystals of 5-fluorouracil with 4-methylbenzoic acid and 3-nitrobenzoic acid. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2017; 73:259-263. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053229617001486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The design of a pharmaceutical cocrystal is based on the identification of specific hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor groups in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in order to choose a `complementary interacting' molecule that can act as an efficient coformer. 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is a pyrimidine derivative with two N—H donors and C=O acceptors and shows a diversity of hydrogen-bonding motifs. Two 1:1 cocrystals of 5-fluorouracil (5FU), namely 5-fluorouracil–4-methylbenzoic acid (5FU–MBA), C4H3FN2O2·C8H8O2, (I), and 5-fluorouracil–3-nitrobenzoic acid (5FU–NBA), C4H3FN2O2·C7H5NO4, (II), have been prepared and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In (I), the MBA molecules form carboxylic acid dimers [R
2
2(8) homosynthon]. Similarly, the 5FU molecules form two types of base pair via a pair of N—H...O hydrogen bonds [R
2
2(8) homosynthon]. In (II), 5FU interacts with the carboxylic acid group of NBA via N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds, generating an R
2
2(8) ring motif (heterosynthon). Furthermore, the 5FU molecules form base pairs [R
2
2(8) homosynthon] via N—H...O hydrogen bonds. Both of the crystal structures are stabilized by C—H...F interactions.
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11
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Rajurkar VG, Gite RD, Ghawate VB. Development of Naproxen Co Crystal Formation: An Efficient Approach to Enhance Aqueous Solubility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/22297928.2015.1128850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Hernández-Paredes J, Olvera-Tapia AL, Arenas-García JI, Höpfl H, Morales-Rojas H, Herrera-Ruiz D, Gonzaga-Morales AI, Rodríguez-Fragoso L. On molecular complexes derived from amino acids and nicotinamides in combination with boronic acids. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce01934b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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14
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Madusanka N, Eddleston MD, Arhangelskis M, Jones W. Polymorphs, hydrates and solvates of a co-crystal of caffeine with anthranilic acid. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2014; 70:72-80. [PMID: 24441130 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520613033167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A polymorph screen on a new 1:1 co-crystal of caffeine, C8H10N4O2, with anthranilic acid, C7H7NO2, has revealed a rich diversity of crystal forms (two polymorphs, two hydrates and seven solvates, including two sets of isostructural solvates). These forms were prepared by liquid-assisted grinding and solution crystallization, and the crystal structures of nine of these forms have been solved using either single-crystal or powder X-ray data. The structures contain O-H...N and N-H...O hydrogen bonds through which caffeine and anthranilic acid molecules assemble to form zigzag-type chains. These chains can interact in an anti-parallel and offset manner to form cage- or channel-type skeletons within which solvent molecules can be located, giving rise to the diversity of forms observed for this co-crystal. In contrast, an equivalent series of liquid-assisted grinding and solution crystallization experiments with the closely related system of theobromine, C7H8N4O2, and anthranilic acid resulted in the formation of only one 1:1 co-crystal form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeesh Madusanka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England
| | - Mark D Eddleston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England
| | - Mihails Arhangelskis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England
| | - William Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England
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15
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Aitipamula S, Chow PS, Tan RBH. Polymorphism in cocrystals: a review and assessment of its significance. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce42008f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Grepioni F, Wouters J, Braga D, Nanna S, Fours B, Coquerel G, Longfils G, Rome S, Aerts L, Quéré L. Ionic co-crystals of racetams: solid-state properties enhancement of neutral active pharmaceutical ingredients via addition of Mg2+ and Ca2+ chlorides. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00409d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Fischer F, Scholz G, Benemann S, Rademann K, Emmerling F. Evaluation of the formation pathways of cocrystal polymorphs in liquid-assisted syntheses. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00472h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Small but important: the kind of solvent added in liquid-assisted grinding syntheses of cocrystals influences the final product and the reaction rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Fischer
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing
- 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- Brook-Taylor-Str. 2
| | - Gudrun Scholz
- Department of Chemistry
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- Brook-Taylor-Str. 2
- 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sigrid Benemann
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing
- 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Rademann
- Department of Chemistry
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- Brook-Taylor-Str. 2
- 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing
- 12489 Berlin, Germany
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18
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A 1:1 pharmaceutical cocrystal of myricetin in combination with uncommon piracetam conformer: X-ray single crystal analysis and mechanochemical synthesis. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Li S, Chen JM, Lu TB. Synthon polymorphs of 1 : 1 co-crystal of 5-fluorouracil and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid: their relative stability and solvent polarity dependence of grinding outcomes. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00221k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two synthon polymorphs of 1 : 1 co-crystals of 5-fluorouracil and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid were synthesized, and the crystal structures were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Life Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Jia-Mei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tong-Bu Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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20
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Suresh Kumar G, Seethalakshmi P, Bhuvanesh N, Kumaresan S. Studies on the syntheses, structural characterization, antimicrobial-, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the cocrystals caffeine:cinnamic acid and caffeine:eosin dihydrate. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Suresh Kumar G, Seethalakshmi P, Sumathi D, Bhuvanesh N, Kumaresan S. Syntheses, structural characterization, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of cocrystals of caffeine with 1- and 2-naphthoxyacetic acids. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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Aitipamula S, Wong ABH, Chow PS, Tan RBH. Polymorphism and phase transformations of a cocrystal of nicotinamide and pimelic acid. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce26151k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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