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Miles F, Djellouli F, Bensiradj N, Dahmani A. Pharmaceutical cocrystal consisting of ascorbic acid with p-aminobenzoic acid and paracetamol. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
As small molecule drugs become harder to develop and less cost effective for patient use, efficient strategies for their property improvement become increasingly important for global health initiatives. As a new crystal engineering strategy, cocrystals have opened a new way to modify the physicochemical properties of pharmaceutical solids. Improvements in the physical properties of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) without changes in the covalent chemistry have been possible through the application of binary component solids. In this work, a pharmaceutical cocrystal of ascorbic acid (A) + para-aminobenzoic acid (B) and ascorbic acid (A) + paracetamol (P) cocrystal are synthesized and characterized by PXRD, DSC, and FT-IR. FT-IR indicates the kind of interactions occurring between API and coformer. The DSC thermogram for (A–B) cocrystal showed a single endothermic peak attributed to the melting temperature at 155 °C. The thermal behavior of the cocrystal was distinct with different melting temperatures from that seen with either of the individual components; this suggests the formation of a new phase. As molecular modeling is presented as a support to the experiment, a computational study using density functional theory (DFT) at the level of the WB97XD functional and 6-311 + G (d, p) basis set was carried out using the Gaussian 09 program. This theoretical study made it possible to calculate the energetic properties, the intramolecular hydrogen bonds as well as the thermodynamic properties for the two cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Miles
- Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et de Modélisation Moléculaire, Faculté de Chimie , USTHB, BP32, El-Alia, 16111 Bab-Ezzouar , Alger , Algerie
| | - Fayrouz Djellouli
- Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et de Modélisation Moléculaire, Faculté de Chimie , USTHB, BP32, El-Alia, 16111 Bab-Ezzouar , Alger , Algerie
| | - Nourelhouda Bensiradj
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique Computationnelle et Photonique, Faculté de Chimie , USTHB BP32, 16111 El Alia , Algiers , Algeria
| | - Abdallah Dahmani
- Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et de Modélisation Moléculaire, Faculté de Chimie , USTHB, BP32, El-Alia, 16111 Bab-Ezzouar , Alger , Algerie
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André V, Duarte MT, Gomes CSB, Sarraguça MC. Mechanochemistry in Portugal-A Step towards Sustainable Chemical Synthesis. Molecules 2021; 27:241. [PMID: 35011471 PMCID: PMC8746420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In Portugal, publications with mechanochemical methods date back to 2009, with the report on mechanochemical strategies for the synthesis of metallopharmaceuticals. Since then, mechanochemical applications have grown in Portugal, spanning several fields, mainly crystal engineering and supramolecular chemistry, catalysis, and organic and inorganic chemistry. The area with the most increased development is the synthesis of multicomponent crystal forms, with several groups synthesizing solvates, salts, and cocrystals in which the main objective was to improve physical properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredients. Recently, non-crystalline materials, such as ionic liquids and amorphous solid dispersions, have also been studied using mechanochemical methods. An area that is in expansion is the use of mechanochemical synthesis of bioinspired metal-organic frameworks with an emphasis in antibiotic coordination frameworks. The use of mechanochemistry for catalysis and organic and inorganic synthesis has also grown due to the synthetic advantages, ease of synthesis, scalability, sustainability, and, in the majority of cases, the superior properties of the synthesized materials. It can be easily concluded that mechanochemistry is expanding in Portugal in diverse research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia André
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associação do Instituto Superior Técnico para a Investigação e Desenvolvimento (IST-ID), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M. Teresa Duarte
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Clara S. B. Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mafalda C. Sarraguça
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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The Lisbon Supramolecular Green Story: Mechanochemistry towards New Forms of Pharmaceuticals. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25112705. [PMID: 32545242 PMCID: PMC7321153 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This short review presents and highlights the work performed by the Lisbon Group on the mechanochemical synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) multicomponent compounds. Here, we show some of our most relevant contributions on the synthesis of supramolecular derivatives of well-known commercial used drugs and the corresponding improvement on their physicochemical properties. The study reflects, not only our pursuit of using crystal engineering principles for the search of supramolecular entities, but also our aim to correlate them with the desired properties. The work also covers our results on polymorphic screening and describes our proposed alternatives to induce and maintain specific polymorphic forms, and our approach to avoid polymorphism using APIs as ionic liquids. We want to stress that all the work was performed using mechanochemistry, a green advantageous synthetic technique.
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Cruz PC, Rocha FA, Ferreira AM. Application of Selective Crystallization Methods To Isolate the Metastable Polymorphs of Paracetamol: A Review. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrı́cia C. Cruz
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando A. Rocha
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - António M. Ferreira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Hutchins KM. Functional materials based on molecules with hydrogen-bonding ability: applications to drug co-crystals and polymer complexes. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180564. [PMID: 30110449 PMCID: PMC6030288 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and property characterization of new functional materials has garnered interest in a variety of fields. Materials that are capable of recognizing and binding with small molecules have applications in sensing, sequestration, delivery and property modification. Specifically, recognition of pharmaceutical compounds is of interest in each of the aforementioned application areas. Numerous pharmaceutical compounds comprise functional groups that are capable of engaging in hydrogen-bonding interactions; thus, materials that are able to act as hydrogen-bond receptors are of significant interest for these applications. In this review, we highlight some crystalline and polymeric materials that recognize and engage in hydrogen-bonding interactions with pharmaceuticals or small biomolecules. Moreover, as pharmaceuticals often exhibit multiple hydrogen-bonding sites, many donor/acceptor molecules have been specifically designed to interact with the drug via such multiple-point hydrogen bonds. The formation of multiple hydrogen bonds not only increases the strength of the interaction but also affords unique hydrogen-bonded architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M. Hutchins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Yadav JA, Khomane KS, Modi SR, Ugale B, Yadav RN, Nagaraja CM, Kumar N, Bansal AK. Correlating Single Crystal Structure, Nanomechanical, and Bulk Compaction Behavior of Febuxostat Polymorphs. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:866-874. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayprakash A. Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar - 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Kailas S. Khomane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar - 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Sameer R. Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar - 160 062, Punjab, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Arvind K. Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar - 160 062, Punjab, India
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Covaci OI, Mitran RA, Buhalteanu L, Dumitrescu DG, Shova S, Manta CM. Bringing new life into old drugs: a case study on nifuroxazide polymorphism. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00303j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Mukaida M, Sato H, Sugano K, Terada K. Stability Orders of Acetaminophen and Theophylline Co-crystals Determined by Co-crystal Former Exchange Reactions and Their Correlation With In Silico and Thermal Parameters. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:258-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Viana RB, Ribeiro GLO, Santos SFF, Quintero DE, Viana AB, da Silva ABF, Moreno-Fuquen R. Intramolecular interactions, isomerization and vibrational frequencies of two paracetamol analogues: A spectroscopic and a computational approach. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 162:16-26. [PMID: 26974474 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to determine the molecular properties and provide an interpretation of the vibrational mode couplings of these two paracetamol analogues: 2-bromo-2-methyl-N-(4-nitrophenyl)-propanamide and 2-bromo-2-methyl-N-p-tolyl-propanamide. E/Z isomers, keto/enol unimolecular rearrangement and prediction of the transition state structures in each mechanism were also assessed using the Density Functional Theory (DFT). The DFT estimates a high energy gap between E and Z isomers (9-11 kcal·mol(-1)), with barrier heights ranging from 16 to 19 kcal·mol(-1). In contrast, the barrier energies on the keto/enol isomerization are almost 10 kcal·mol(-1) higher than those estimated for the E/Z rearrangement. The kinetic rate constant was also determined for each reaction mechanism. Natural bond orbital analysis and the quantum theory of atoms in molecules were used to interpret the intramolecular hydrogen bonds and to understand the most important interactions that govern the stabilization of each isomer. Furthermore, an analysis of the atomic charge distribution using different population methodologies was also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rommel B Viana
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela L O Ribeiro
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sinara F F Santos
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - David E Quintero
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson B Viana
- Departamento de Engenharia Oceânica, Centro de Tecnologia (Bloco C, Sala 203), Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia (COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Albérico B F da Silva
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Moreno-Fuquen
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
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Hiendrawan S, Veriansyah B, Widjojokusumo E, Soewandhi SN, Wikarsa S, Tjandrawinata RR. Physicochemical and mechanical properties of paracetamol cocrystal with 5-nitroisophthalic acid. Int J Pharm 2015; 497:106-13. [PMID: 26657269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
We report novel pharmaceutical cocrystal of a popular antipyretic drug paracetamol (PCA) with coformer 5-nitroisophhthalic acid (5NIP) to improve its tabletability. The cocrystal (PCA-5NIP at molar ratio of 1:1) was synthesized by solvent evaporation technique using methanol as solvent. The physicochemical properties of cocrystal were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), hot stage polarized microscopy (HSPM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Stability of the cocrystal was assessed by storing them at 40°C/75% RH for one month. Compared to PCA, the cocrystal displayed superior tableting performance. PCA-5NIP cocrystal showed a similar dissolution profile as compared to PCA and exhibited good stability. This study showed the utility of PCA-5NIP cocrystal for improving mechanical properties of PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevanus Hiendrawan
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Cikarang 17550, West Java, Indonesia; School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Veriansyah
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Cikarang 17550, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Edward Widjojokusumo
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Cikarang 17550, West Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Saleh Wikarsa
- School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia
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Domingos S, André V, Quaresma S, Martins ICB, Minas da Piedade MF, Duarte MT. New forms of old drugs: improving without changing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:830-46. [PMID: 25648101 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In a short approach, we want to present the improvements that have recently been done in the world of new solid forms of known active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The different strategies will be addressed, and successful examples will be given. KEY FINDINGS This overview presents a possible step to overcome the 10-15 years of hard work involved in launching a new drug in the market: the use of new forms of well-known APIs, and improve their efficiency by enhancing their bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. It discusses some of the latest progresses. SUMMARY We want to present, in a brief overview, what recently has been done to improve the discovery of innovative methods of using well-known APIs, and improve their efficiency. Multicomponent crystal forms have shown to be the most promising achievements to accomplish these aims, by altering API physico-chemical properties, such as solubility, thermal stability, shelf life, dissolution rate and compressibility. API-ionic liquids (ILs) and their advantages will be briefly referred. An outline of what has recently been achieved in metal drug coordination and in drug storage and delivery using bio-inspired metal-organic frameworks (BioMOFs) will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Domingos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vânia André
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centre for research in ceramics and composite materials (CICECO), Department of Chemistry, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Quaresma
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês C B Martins
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Fátima Minas da Piedade
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa (FCUL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Duarte
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Zakharov BA, Ogienko AG, Yunoshev AS, Ancharov AI, Boldyreva EV. Bis(paracetamol) pyridine – a new elusive paracetamol solvate: from modeling the phase diagram to successful single-crystal growth and structure–property relations. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01213a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the synthon approach, it is equally important to consider phase diagrams when searching for practical methods of crystallising multi-component crystals, either as single crystals or as powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris A. Zakharov
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey G. Ogienko
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Yunoshev
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics SB RAS
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey I. Ancharov
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS
| | - Elena V. Boldyreva
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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Maeno Y, Fukami T, Kawahata M, Yamaguchi K, Tagami T, Ozeki T, Suzuki T, Tomono K. Novel pharmaceutical cocrystal consisting of paracetamol and trimethylglycine, a new promising cocrystal former. Int J Pharm 2014; 473:179-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ehmann HMA, Werzer O. Surface Mediated Structures: Stabilization of Metastable Polymorphs on the Example of Paracetamol. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2014; 14:3680-3684. [PMID: 25126023 PMCID: PMC4125415 DOI: 10.1021/cg500573e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of typically thermodynamically unstable polymorphic structures is a challenge. However, solid surfaces are well established aids for the formation and stabilization of polymorphic structures within, for instance, organic electronics. In this study, we report the stabilization of a pharmaceutically relevant substance via a solid surface at ambient conditions. Form III of paracetamol, which is typically unstable in the bulk at standard conditions, can be stabilized with a model silica surface by a standard spin coating procedure followed by rapid heat treatment. Such a preparation technique allows the use of atomic force microscopy and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements revealing detailed information on the morphology and structure of the polymorph. Furthermore, the results exhibit that this polymorph is stable over a long period of time revealing surface mediated stabilization. These findings demonstrate a novel approach to provide thermodynamic stability when applied to similar molecules with specific applications.
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Gomes CS, Gomes PT, Duarte MT. α-Diimine transition-metal complexes: Mechanochemistry − A new synthetic approach. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Lee HL, Lin HY, Lee T. Large-Scale Crystallization of a Pure Metastable Polymorph by Reaction Coupling. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500003k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Lin Lee
- Department of Chemical and
Materials Engineering, National Central University, 300 Jhong-Da
Road, Jhong-Li City 320, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Hong Yu Lin
- Department of Chemical and
Materials Engineering, National Central University, 300 Jhong-Da
Road, Jhong-Li City 320, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Tu Lee
- Department of Chemical and
Materials Engineering, National Central University, 300 Jhong-Da
Road, Jhong-Li City 320, Taiwan R.O.C
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17
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Martins I, Martins M, Fernandes A, André V, Duarte MT. An insight into dapsone co-crystals: sulfones as participants in supramolecular interactions. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce41323c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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