Promotion of the Co3O4/TiO2 Interface on Catalytic Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

Supports can widely affect or even dominate the catalytic activity and selectivity of nanoparticles because atomic geometry and electronic structures of active sites can be regulated, especially at the interface of nanoparticles and supports. However, the underlying mechanisms of most systems are still not fully understood yet. Herein, we construct the interface of Co₃O₄/TiO₂ to boost ammonium perchlorate (AP) catalytic decomposition. This catalyst shows enhanced catalytic performance. With the addition of 2 wt % Co₃O₄/TiO₂ catalysts, AP decomposition peak temperature decreases from 435.7 to 295.0 °C and activation energy decreases from 211.5 to 137.7 kJ mol^-1. By combining experimental and theoretical studies, we find that Co₃O₄ nanoparticles can be strongly anchored onto TiO₂ supports accompanied by charge transfer. Moreover, at the interfaces in the Co₃O₄/TiO₂ nanostructure, NH₃ adsorption can be enhanced through hydrogen bonds. Our research studies provide new insights into the promotion effects of the nanoparticle/support system on the AP decomposition process and inspire the design of efficient catalysts.

Research development on graphitic carbon nitride and enhanced catalytic activity on ammonium perchlorate

Recently, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has attracted considerable attention due to its attractive features including excellent electrochemical performance, suitable band gap, nontoxicity, and high mechanical and thermal stability. Such unique advantages endow it with promising applications in batteries, photocatalysts, photodegradation, and so on. In particular, it has been applied to catalyze the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and has shown excellent performance. In this review, the structure, preparation methods and exfoliation strategies of g-C3N4 are comprehensively introduced. Furthermore, the enhanced catalytic mechanism for the thermal decomposition of AP is discussed in detail, and a future research direction is also proposed.

Controllable synthesis of multi-shelled NiCo2O4 hollow spheres catalytically for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

The compatible catalytic structure of NiCo₂O₄ was modified into multi-shelled hollow spheres by one-pot synthesis, followed by heat treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) and N₂ adsorption–desorption approaches were used for the characterizations of nanoparticles and multi-shelled hollow porous structures and the morphologies and crystal structures of these hollow spheres, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was adopted for comparing the thermal decomposition performances of ammonium perchlorate (AP) catalyzed by adding different contents of multi-shelled NiCo₂O₄ hollow spheres. Impressively, the experimental results showed that the NiCo₂O₄ hollow spheres exhibited more excellent catalytic activity than NiCo₂O₄ nanoparticles as a result of their large specific surface areas, good adsorption capacity and many active reduction sites. The decomposition temperature of AP with multi-shelled NiCo₂O₄ hollow spheres could be reduced up to 322.3 °C from 416.3 °C. Furthermore, a catalytic mechanism was proposed for the thermal decomposition of AP over multi-shelled NiCo₂O₄ hollow spheres based on electron transfer processes.

Double-shelled NiCo₂O₄ hollow spheres synthesized by a facile hydro-thermal method showed excellent catalytic properties for the thermal decomposition of AP.

NH2-MIL-53(Al) nanocrystals: a fluorescent probe for the fast detection of aromatic nitro-compounds and ions in aqueous systems

Fluorescent NH₂-MIL-53(Al) nanocrystals used for the fast detection of ANCs and ions in aqueous systems were fabricated by a solvothermal route.

Facile fabrication of porous Co3O4 nanowires for high performance supercapacitors

One-dimensional porous Co₃O₄ nanowires with excellent electrochemical performance have been successfully synthesized assisted by thermal decomposition of a coordination polymer, using nitrilotriacetic acid (NA) as a chelating agent.

Effect of rGO–Fe2O3 nanocomposites fabricated in different solvents on the thermal decomposition properties of ammonium perchlorate

rGO–Fe₂O₃ composites were fabricated using different solvents via a solvothermal method, and used for thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP).

In Situ Self-Assembly-Generated 3D Hierarchical Co3O4 Micro/Nanomaterial Series: Selective Synthesis, Morphological Control, and Energy Applications

A simple in situ self-assembly selective synthetic strategy for one-step controllable formation of various three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical Co₃O₄ micro/nanomaterials with peculiar morphologies, uniform size, and high quality is successfully developed. The morphological control and related impact factors are investigated and clarified in detail. The results further clarify the corresponding mechanisms on the reaction process, product generation, and calcining process as well as the formation of specific morphologies. Furthermore, the superior catalytic properties of these materials are confirmed by two typical Co-based energy applications on the decomposition of an important solid rocket propellant, ammonium perchlorate (AP), and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The addition of Co₃O₄ materials to AP obviously decreases the decomposition temperatures by about 118-140 °C and increases the exothermic heat to a great extent. As the substituted counter electrodes of DSSCs, the 3D hierarchical Co₃O₄ materials exhibit attractive photovoltaic performances. These findings provide a facile and effective way for designing new types of 3D hierarchical materials toward high catalytic activity for energy devices.

Nano Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials: Synthetic Strategies and Applications

Nano- (or micro-scale) metal-organic frameworks (NMOFs), also known as coordination polymer particles (CPPs), have received much attention because of their structural diversities and tunable properties. Besides the direct use, NMOFs can be alternatively used as sacrificial templates/precursors for the preparation of a wide range of hybrid inorganic nanomaterials in straightforward and controllable manners. Distinct advantages of using NMOF templates are correlated to their structural and functional tailorability at molecular levels that is rarely acquired in any other conventional template/precursor. In addition, NMOF-derived inorganic nanomaterials with distinct chemical and physical properties are inferred to dramatically expand the scope of their utilization in many fields. In this review, we aim to provide readers with a comprehensive summary of recent progress in terms of synthetic approaches for the production of diverse inorganic hybrid nanostructures from as-synthesized NMOFs and their promising applications.

Origin of the efficient catalytic thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate over (2−1−10) facets of ZnO nanosheets: surface lattice oxygen

A proposed classical catalytic mechanism based on surface lattice oxygen reveals that AP decomposition is promoted more by ZnO nanosheets than ZnS nanosheets.

Al-Based coordination polymer nanotubes: simple preparation, post-modification and application in Fe3+ ions sensing

Aluminum-based coordination polymers, MIL-110(Al) nanotubes, were successfully prepared from a mixed solution of methanol and ethanol with the volume ratio of 10 : 10 at room temperature in the absence of any template or surfactant; AlCl₃ and sodium 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (Na₃BTC) were employed as the initial reactants.

Freestanding CuS nanowalls: ionic liquid-assisted synthesis and prominent catalytic performance for the decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Freestanding CuS nanowalls, with excellent catalytic activity for AP thermal decomposition, were grown and assembled at the [C₁₀mim]Br-modulated liquid–liquid interface.

Graphene oxide-enveloped Bi2WO6 composites as a highly efficient catalyst for the thermal decomposition of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine

GO sheets-enwrapped Bi₂WO₆ nanocomposites was obtained by a simple strategy and showed remarkable catalysis on the thermal decomposition of RDX.

Assembly of composites into a core–shell structure using ultrasonic spray drying and catalytic application in the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

The (3,5-DNB)FeCo and (3,5-DNB)FeCu micro-nanospheres with core–shell structure are prepared by ultrasonic spray drying. The DSC curves indicate that (3,5-DNB)M·M′s with various mixed ratio have different effects on AP thermal decomposition.

Hierarchical ZnO hollow microspheres with exposed (001) facets as promising catalysts for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Hierarchical porous ZnO hollow microspheres assembled from nanorods with exposed (001) facets on their external surface exhibited better catalytic activity for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) than the dispersed ZnO nanorods.

Shape-controlled synthesis of cobalt particles by a surfactant-free solvothermal method and their catalytic application to the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Submicro-Co particles with different morphologies were successfully synthesized by a simple solvothermal and surfactant-free approach.

Controlled synthesis of Co3O4 single-crystalline nanofilms enclosed by (111) facets and their exceptional activity for the catalytic decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Single-crystalline, thermally stable Co₃O₄ (111) nanofilms have been successfully synthesized without any surfactant.

Porous ZnO and ZnO–NiO composite nano/microspheres: synthesis, catalytic and biosensor properties

Porous ZnO and ZnO–NiO nanostructures were found to catalyze the decomposition of ammonium perchlorate and ZnO to biosense DNA hybridization.