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Wang Y, Mazziotti DA. Quantum simulation of conical intersections. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:11491-11497. [PMID: 38587679 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00391h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
We explore the simulation of conical intersections (CIs) on quantum devices, setting the groundwork for potential applications in nonadiabatic quantum dynamics within molecular systems. The intersecting potential energy surfaces of H3+ are computed from a variance-based contracted quantum eigensolver. We show how the CIs can be correctly described on quantum devices using wavefunctions generated by the anti-Hermitian contracted Schrödinger equation ansatz, which is a unitary transformation of wavefunctions that preserves the topography of CIs. A hybrid quantum-classical procedure is used to locate the seam of CIs. Additionally, we discuss the quantum implementation of the adiabatic to diabatic transformation and its relation to the geometric phase effect. Results on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices showcase the potential of quantum computers in dealing with problems in nonadiabatic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
| | - David A Mazziotti
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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2
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Sager-Smith LM, Smart SE, Mazziotti DA. Qubit Condensation for Assessing Efficacy of Molecular Simulation on Quantum Computers. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37442116 PMCID: PMC10388352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantum computers may demonstrate significant advantages over classical devices, as they are able to exploit a purely quantum-mechanical phenomenon known as entanglement in which a single quantum state simultaneously populates two-or-more classical configurations. However, due to environmental noise and device errors, elaborate quantum entanglement can be difficult to prepare on modern quantum computers. In this paper, we introduce a metric based on the condensation of qubits to assess the ability of a quantum device to simulate many-electron systems. Qubit condensation occurs when the qubits on a quantum computer condense into a single, highly correlated particle-hole state. While conventional metrics like gate errors and quantum volume do not directly target entanglement, the qubit-condensation metric measures the quantum computer's ability to generate an entangled state that achieves nonclassical long-range order across the device. To demonstrate, we prepare qubit condensations on various quantum devices and probe the degree to which qubit condensation is realized via postmeasurement analysis. We show that the predicted ranking of the quantum devices is consistent with the errors obtained from molecular simulations of H2 using a contracted quantum eigensolver.
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Affiliation(s)
- LeeAnn M Sager-Smith
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | - Scott E Smart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - David A Mazziotti
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
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Matsika S. Electronic Structure Methods for the Description of Nonadiabatic Effects and Conical Intersections. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9407-9449. [PMID: 34156838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic effects are ubiquitous in photophysics and photochemistry, and therefore, many theoretical developments have been made to properly describe them. Conical intersections are central in nonadiabatic processes, as they promote efficient and ultrafast nonadiabatic transitions between electronic states. A proper theoretical description requires developments in electronic structure and specifically in methods that describe conical intersections between states and nonadiabatic coupling terms. This review focuses on the electronic structure aspects of nonadiabatic processes. We discuss the requirements of electronic structure methods to describe conical intersections and nonadiabatic couplings, how the most common excited state methods perform in describing these effects, and what the recent developments are in expanding the methodology and implementing nonadiabatic couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiridoula Matsika
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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Smart SE, Mazziotti DA. Quantum Solver of Contracted Eigenvalue Equations for Scalable Molecular Simulations on Quantum Computing Devices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:070504. [PMID: 33666467 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.070504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The accurate computation of ground and excited states of many-fermion quantum systems is one of the most consequential, contemporary challenges in the physical and computational sciences whose solution stands to benefit significantly from the advent of quantum computing devices. Existing methodologies using phase estimation or variational algorithms have potential drawbacks such as deep circuits requiring substantial error correction or nontrivial high-dimensional classical optimization. Here, we introduce a quantum solver of contracted eigenvalue equations, the quantum analog of classical methods for the energies and reduced density matrices of ground and excited states. The solver does not require deep circuits or difficult classical optimization and achieves an exponential speed-up over its classical counterpart. We demonstrate the algorithm though computations on both a quantum simulator and two IBM quantum processing units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Smart
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - David A Mazziotti
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Smart SE, Scrape PG, Butler LJ, Mazziotti DA. Using reduced density matrix techniques to capture static and dynamic correlation in the energy landscape for the decomposition of the CH2CH2ONO radical and support a non-IRC pathway. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:024302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5024512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Scott E. Smart
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Preston G. Scrape
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Laurie J. Butler
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - David A. Mazziotti
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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6
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Ramos-Cordoba E, Salvador P, Matito E. Separation of dynamic and nondynamic correlation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:24015-23. [PMID: 27523386 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03072f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The account of electron correlation and its efficient separation into dynamic and nondynamic parts plays a key role in the development of computational methods. In this paper we suggest a physically-sound matrix formulation to split electron correlation into dynamic and nondynamic parts using the two-particle cumulant matrix and a measure of the deviation from idempotency of the first-order density matrix. These matrices are applied to a two-electron model, giving rise to a simplified electron correlation index that (i) depends only on natural orbitals and their occupancies, (ii) can be straightforwardly decomposed into orbital contributions and (iii) splits into dynamic and nondynamic correlation parts that (iv) admit a local version. These expressions are shown to account for dynamic and nondynamic correlation in a variety of systems containing different electron correlation regimes, thus providing the first separation of dynamic and nondynamic correlation using solely natural orbital occupancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Ramos-Cordoba
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)., P.K. 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain. and Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Pedro Salvador
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduard Matito
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)., P.K. 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain. and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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Schlimgen AW, Mazziotti DA. Static and Dynamic Electron Correlation in the Ligand Noninnocent Oxidation of Nickel Dithiolates. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:9377-9384. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W. Schlimgen
- Department of Chemistry and
the James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - David A. Mazziotti
- Department of Chemistry and
the James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Sand AM, Mazziotti DA. Enhanced computational efficiency in the direct determination of the two-electron reduced density matrix from the anti-Hermitian contracted Schrödinger equation with application to ground and excited states of conjugated π-systems. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:134110. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4931471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Sand
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - David A. Mazziotti
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Sturm EJ, Mazziotti DA. Highly accurate excited-state energies from direct computation of the 2-electron reduced density matrix by the anti-Hermitian contracted Schrödinger equation. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1074739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Gidofalvi G, Mazziotti DA. Molecule-Optimized Basis Sets and Hamiltonians for Accelerated Electronic Structure Calculations of Atoms and Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:495-502. [DOI: 10.1021/jp410191y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Gidofalvi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University , Spokane, Washington 99258, United States
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