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Hanamorn T, Vas-Umnuay P. CFD modeling and simulation of benzyl alcohol oxidation coupled with hydrogen production in a continuous-flow photoelectrochemical reactor. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22568. [PMID: 38114570 PMCID: PMC10730899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Various conversion routes of biomass and its derivative compounds into high-value products has attracted attention from researchers recently. Among these, a solar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) oxidation approach of biomass alcohols to aldehydes is particularly of great interest for the potential applications because the reaction is selective and simultaneously accompanied with hydrogen production. Here, we propose a simulation of selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde coupled with hydrogen production in a 2-dimensional continuous-flow PEC reactor using COMSOL Multiphysics (5.6). In order to develop and fabricate a simple yet efficient reactor for a practical use, it is crucial to investigate the effects of operating and design parameters of the reactor on the reactions. Our studies demonstrated that the main contributions to product formation were the electrolyte flow velocity and the width of electrolyte channels. The optimized design parameter exhibited good photoelectrochemical performance with uniform potential distribution within the channels which served diffusion of neutral and charged species and electrochemical reaction. The maximum conversion of benzyl alcohol in this work was 48.25% with 100% selectivity of benzaldehyde. These findings are key for the design of the continuous-flow PEC reactor that can be applied to any series of biomass conversion reactions under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorfhan Hanamorn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Center of Excellence in Particle and Material Processing Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Paravee Vas-Umnuay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Center of Excellence in Particle and Material Processing Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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2
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Xue J, Zhang H, Guan R, Liu T, Gao J, Liu X, Wu M, Guo K, Jia H, Shen Q. Kinetics analysis of oxygen vacancies in TiO2 solar water reduction: Revealing effects and eliminating disadvantages. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:382-393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Kandiel TA. Mechanistic investigation of water oxidation on hematite photoanodes using intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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4
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Katsiev K, Harrison G, Al-Salik Y, Thornton G, Idriss H. Gold Cluster Coverage Effect on H2 Production over Rutile TiO2(110). ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Katsiev
- Fundamental Catalysis, SABIC-CRD at KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - G. Harrison
- Department of Chemistry and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Y. Al-Salik
- Fundamental Catalysis, SABIC-CRD at KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - G. Thornton
- Department of Chemistry and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - H. Idriss
- Fundamental Catalysis, SABIC-CRD at KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Antuch M, Millet P, Iwase A, Kudo A. Water reduction into hydrogen using Rh-doped SrTiO3 photoelectrodes surface-modified by minute amounts of Pt: Insights from heterogeneous kinetic analysis. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.11.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Haisch C, Günnemann C, Melchers S, Fleisch M, Schneider J, Emeline AV, Bahnemann DW. Irreversible surface changes upon n-type doping – A photoelectrochemical study on rutile single crystals. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Antuch M, Millet P, Iwase A, Kudo A, Grigoriev SA, Voloshin YZ. Characterization of Rh:SrTiO3 photoelectrodes surface-modified with a cobalt clathrochelate and their application to the hydrogen evolution reaction. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Nosaka Y, Nosaka AY. Generation and Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species in Photocatalysis. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11302-11336. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1754] [Impact Index Per Article: 250.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Nosaka
- Department of Materials Science
and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology Nagaoka 940-2188, Japan
| | - Atsuko Y. Nosaka
- Department of Materials Science
and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology Nagaoka 940-2188, Japan
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Ahmed MG, Kretschmer IE, Kandiel TA, Ahmed AY, Rashwan FA, Bahnemann DW. A Facile Surface Passivation of Hematite Photoanodes with TiO2 Overlayers for Efficient Solar Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:24053-62. [PMID: 26488924 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The surface modification of semiconductor photoelectrodes with passivation overlayers has recently attracted great attention as an effective strategy to improve the charge-separation and charge-transfer processes across semiconductor-liquid interfaces. It is usually carried out by employing the sophisticated atomic layer deposition technique, which relies on reactive and expensive metalorganic compounds and vacuum processing, both of which are significant obstacles toward large-scale applications. In this paper, a facile water-based solution method has been developed for the modification of nanostructured hematite photoanode with TiO2 overlayers using a water-soluble titanium complex (i.e., titanium bis(ammonium lactate) dihydroxide, TALH). The thus-fabricated nanostructured hematite photoanodes have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Photoelectrochemical measurements indicated that a nanostructured hematite photoanodes modified with a TiO2 overlayer exhibited a photocurrent response ca. 4.5 times higher (i.e., 1.2 mA cm(-2) vs RHE) than that obtained on the bare hematite photoanode (i.e., 0.27 mA cm(-2) vs RHE) measured under standard illumination conditions. Moreover, a cathodic shift of ca. 190 mV in the water oxidation onset potential was achieved. These results are discussed and explored on the basis of steady-state polarization, transient photocurrent response, open-circuit potential, intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy, and impedance spectroscopy measurements. It is concluded that the TiO2 overlayer passivates the surface states and suppresses the surface electron-hole recombination, thus increasing the generated photovoltage and the band bending. The present method for the hematite electrode modification with a TiO2 overlayer is effective and simple and might find broad applications in the development of stable and high-performance photoelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud G Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University , Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Imme E Kretschmer
- Photocatalysis and Nanotechnology Research Unit, Institut für Technische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover , Callinstrasse 3, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tarek A Kandiel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University , Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Amira Y Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University , Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Farouk A Rashwan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University , Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Detlef W Bahnemann
- Photocatalysis and Nanotechnology Research Unit, Institut für Technische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover , Callinstrasse 3, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory for Nanocomposite Materials, Department of Photonics, Faculty of Physics, Saint-Petersburg State University , Ulianovskaia street 3, Peterhof, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
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10
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Vaccarello D, Hedges J, Tapley A, Love DA, Ding Z. Dynamic aspects of CuInS2 light absorbing nanocrystal thin films. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Mendive CB, Bredow T, Schneider J, Blesa M, Bahnemann D. Oxalic acid at the TiO 2 /water interface under UV(A) illumination: Surface reaction mechanisms. J Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Yan L, Elenewski JE, Jiang W, Chen H. Computational modeling of self-trapped electrons in rutile TiO2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:29949-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05271h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Anionic polaron migration in rutile TiO2 is modeled by the valence bond representation in conjunction with the constrained density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likai Yan
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Wei Jiang
- Argonne Leadership Computing Facility
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Argonne
- USA
| | - Hanning Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- the George Washington University
- Washington
- USA
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Montoya JF, Bahnemann DW, Peral J, Salvador P. Catalytic role of TiO(2) terminal oxygen atoms in liquid-phase photocatalytic reactions: oxidation of aromatic compounds in anhydrous acetonitrile. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:2311-20. [PMID: 24827557 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of experiments carried out with controlled amounts of residual oxygen and water, or by using oxygen-isotope-labeled Ti(18) O2 as the photocatalyst, we demonstrate that (18) Os atoms behave as real catalytic species in the photo-oxidation of acetonitrile-dissolved aromatic compounds such as benzene, phenol, and benzaldehyde with TiO2 . The experimental evidence allows a terminal-oxygen indirect electron-transfer (TOIET) mechanism to be proposed, which is a new pathway that involves the trapping of free photogenerated valence-band holes at Os species and their incorporation into the reaction products, with simultaneous generation of oxygen vacancies at the TiO2 surface and their subsequent healing with oxygen atoms from either O2 or H2 O molecules that are dissolved in the liquid phase. According to the TOIET mechanism, the TiO2 surface is not considered to remain stable, but is continuously changing in the course of the photocatalytic reaction, challenging earlier interpretations of TiO2 photocatalytic phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Montoya
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallés (Spain)
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