1
|
Türkmen I, Dolg M. Linear Scaling Incremental Scheme for Correlation Energies with Embedding Generated Virtuals. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3154-3168. [PMID: 38588492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
A novel incremental scheme is presented including an incremental expansion of the virtual space for the calculation of electron correlation energies, which is compatible with any size-extensive correlation method and scales asymptotically linear for large molecules. The performance is studied for organic molecules, water clusters, and a La(III)-water complex, where the compatibility with pseudopotentials is also examined. The computational requirements are already reduced tremendously for medium-sized water clusters and hydrocarbons with respect to the canonical CCSD as well as the ordinary incremental scheme references. Correlation energies within chemical accuracy have been observed for all studied systems. The novelty of the method is that relatively small virtual spaces are used in combination with tuples of localized occupied spaces. The corresponding orthonormal occupied and virtual orbitals are obtained from QM/QM embedding calculations and can thus be used with standard quantum chemistry codes for correlation calculations. It is presented how relevant virtual spaces are selected and the correlation energies are linked in the new virtual space expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Türkmen
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Dolg
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nakata H, Kitoh-Nishioka H, Sakai W, Choi CH. Toward Accurate Prediction of Ion Mobility in Organic Semiconductors by Atomistic Simulation. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:1517-1528. [PMID: 36757219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
A multiscale scheme (MLMS: Multi-Level Multi-Scale) to predict the ion mobility (μ) of amorphous organic semiconductors is proposed, which was successfully applied to the hole mobility predictions of 14 organic systems. An inverse relationship between μ and reorganization energy is observed due to local polaronic distortions. Another moderate inverse correlation between μ and distribution of site energy change exists, representing the effects of geometric flexibility. The former and the latter represent the intramolecular and intermolecular geometric effects, respectively. In addition, a linear correlation between transfer coupling and μ is observed, showing the importance of orbital overlaps between monomers. Especially, the highest hole mobility of C6-2TTN is due to its large transfer coupling. On the other hand, another high hole mobility of CBP turned out to come from the high first neighbor density (ρFND) of its first self-solvation, emphasizing the proper description of amorphous structural configurations with a sufficiently large number of monomers. In general, systems with either unusually high transfer coupling or high first neighbor density can potentially have high μ regardless of geometric effects. Especially, the newly suggested design parameter, ρFND, is pointing to a new direction as opposed to the traditional π-conjugation strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Nakata
- Research Institute for Advanced Materials and Devices, Kyocera Corporation, 3-5-3 Hikaridai Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0237, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kitoh-Nishioka
- Department of Energy and Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3 Chome-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Wakana Sakai
- Research Institute for Advanced Materials and Devices, Kyocera Corporation, 3-5-3 Hikaridai Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0237, Japan
| | - Cheol Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shakiba M, Stippell E, Li W, Akimov AV. Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics with Extended Density Functional Tight-Binding: Application to Nanocrystals and Periodic Solids. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:5157-5180. [PMID: 35758936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report a new methodology for nonadiabatic molecular dynamics calculations within the extended tight-binding (xTB) framework. We demonstrate the applicability of the developed approach to finite and periodic systems with thousands of atoms by modeling "hot" electron relaxation dynamics in silicon nanocrystals and electron-hole recombination in both a graphitic carbon nitride monolayer and a titanium-based metal-organic framework (MOF). This work reports the nonadiabatic dynamic simulations in the largest Si nanocrystals studied so far by the xTB framework, with diameters up to 3.5 nm. For silicon nanocrystals, we find a non-monotonic dependence of "hot" electron relaxation rates on the nanocrystal size, in agreement with available experimental reports. We rationalize this relationship by a combination of decreasing nonadiabatic couplings related to system size and the increase of available coherent transfer pathways in systems with higher densities of states. We emphasize the importance of proper treatment of coherences for obtaining such non-monotonic dependences. We characterize the electron-hole recombination dynamics in the graphitic carbon nitride monolayer and the Ti-containing MOF. We demonstrate the importance of spin-adaptation and proper sampling of surface hopping trajectories in modeling such processes. We also assess several trajectory surface hopping schemes and highlight their distinct qualitative behavior in modeling the excited-state dynamics in superexchange-like models depending on how they handle coherences between nearly parallel states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shakiba
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Elizabeth Stippell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Orimoto Y, Hisama K, Aoki Y. Local electronic structure analysis by ab initio elongation method: A benchmark using DNA block polymers. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:204114. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0087726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ab initio elongation (ELG) method based on a polymerization concept is a feasible way to perform linear-scaling electronic structure calculations for huge aperiodic molecules while maintaining computational accuracy. In the method, the electronic structures are sequentially elongated by repeating (1) the conversion of canonical molecular orbitals (CMOs) to region-localized MOs (RLMOs), that is, active RLMOs localized onto a region close to an attacking monomer or frozen RLMOs localized onto the remaining region, and the subsequent (2) partial self-consistent-field calculations for an interaction space composed of the active RLMOs and the attacking monomer. For each ELG process, one can obtain local CMOs for the interaction space and the corresponding local orbital energies. Local site information, such as the local highest-occupied/lowest-unoccupied MOs, can be acquired with linear-scaling efficiency by correctly including electronic effects from the frozen region. In this study, we performed a local electronic structure analysis using the ELG method for various DNA block polymers with different sequential patterns. This benchmark aimed to confirm the effectiveness of the method toward the efficient detection of a singular local electronic structure in unknown systems as a future practical application. We discussed the high-throughput efficiency of our method and proposed a strategy to detect singular electronic structures by combining with a machine learning technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuichi Orimoto
- Department of Material Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Park, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hisama
- Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences, Chemistry and Materials Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Park, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Yuriko Aoki
- Department of Material Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Park, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Friedl C, Fedorov DG, Renger T. Towards a quantitative description of excitonic couplings in photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes: quantum chemistry driven multiscale approaches. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:5014-5038. [PMID: 35142765 PMCID: PMC8865841 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03566e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A structure-based quantitative calculation of excitonic couplings between photosynthetic pigments has to describe the dynamical polarization of the protein/solvent environment of the pigments, giving rise to reaction field and screening effects. Here, this challenging problem is approached by combining the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method with the polarizable continuum model (PCM). The method is applied to compute excitonic couplings between chlorophyll a (Chl a) pigments of the water-soluble chlorophyll-binding protein (WSCP). By calibrating the vacuum dipole strength of the 0–0 transition of the Chl a chromophores according to experimental data, an excellent agreement between calculated and experimental linear absorption and circular dichroism spectra of WSCP is obtained. The effect of the mutual polarization of the pigment ground states is calculated to be very small. The simple Poisson-Transition-charge-from-Electrostatic-potential (Poisson-TrEsp) method is found to accurately describe the screening part of the excitonic coupling, obtained with FMO/PCM. Taking into account that the reaction field effects of the latter method can be described by a scalar constant leads to an improvement of Poisson-TrEsp that is expected to provide the basis for simple and realistic calculations of optical spectra and energy transfer in photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes. In addition, we present an expression for the estimation of Huang–Rhys factors of high-frequency pigment vibrations from experimental fluorescence line-narrowing spectra that takes into account the redistribution of oscillator strength by the interpigment excitonic coupling. Application to WSCP results in corrected Huang–Rhys factors that are less than one third of the original values obtained by the standard electronic two-state analysis that neglects the above redistribution. These factors are important for the estimation of the dipole strength of the 0–0 transition of the chromophores and for the development of calculation schemes for the spectral density of the exciton-vibrational coupling. The importance of reaction field and screening effects on the excitonic couplings is demonstrated, and from quantum-chemical calculations a single scaling factor is derived that can be used to improve simple models based on the Poisson equation.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Friedl
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria.
| | - Dmitri G Fedorov
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, 305-8568, Japan.
| | - Thomas Renger
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li W, Ma H, Li S, Ma J. Computational and data driven molecular material design assisted by low scaling quantum mechanics calculations and machine learning. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14987-15006. [PMID: 34909141 PMCID: PMC8612375 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02574k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic structure methods based on quantum mechanics (QM) are widely employed in the computational predictions of the molecular properties and optoelectronic properties of molecular materials. The computational costs of these QM methods, ranging from density functional theory (DFT) or time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) to wave-function theory (WFT), usually increase sharply with the system size, causing the curse of dimensionality and hindering the QM calculations for large sized systems such as long polymer oligomers and complex molecular aggregates. In such cases, in recent years low scaling QM methods and machine learning (ML) techniques have been adopted to reduce the computational costs and thus assist computational and data driven molecular material design. In this review, we illustrated low scaling ground-state and excited-state QM approaches and their applications to long oligomers, self-assembled supramolecular complexes, stimuli-responsive materials, mechanically interlocked molecules, and excited state processes in molecular aggregates. Variable electrostatic parameters were also introduced in the modified force fields with the polarization model. On the basis of QM computational or experimental datasets, several ML algorithms, including explainable models, deep learning, and on-line learning methods, have been employed to predict the molecular energies, forces, electronic structure properties, and optical or electrical properties of materials. It can be conceived that low scaling algorithms with periodic boundary conditions are expected to be further applicable to functional materials, perhaps in combination with machine learning to fast predict the lattice energy, crystal structures, and spectroscopic properties of periodic functional materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Haibo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nakai H, Takemura T, Ono J, Nishimura Y. Quantum-Mechanical Molecular Dynamics Simulations on Secondary Proton Transfer in Bacteriorhodopsin Using Realistic Models. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10947-10963. [PMID: 34582194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) transports a proton from intracellular to extracellular (EC) sites through five proton transfers. The second proton transfer is the release of an excess proton stored in BR into the EC medium, and an atomistic understanding of this whole process has remained unexplored due to its ubiquitous environment. Here, fully quantum mechanical (QM) molecular dynamics (MD) and metadynamics (MTD) simulations for this process were performed at the divide-and-conquer density-functional tight-binding level using realistic models (∼50000 and ∼20000 atoms) based on the time-resolved photointermediate structures from an X-ray free electron laser. Regarding the proton storage process, the QM-MD/MTD simulations confirmed the Glu-shared mechanism, in which an excess proton is stored between Glu194 and Glu204, and clarified that the activation occurs by localizing the proton at Glu204 in the photocycle. Furthermore, the QM-MD/MTD simulations elucidated a release pathway from Glu204 through Ser193 to the EC water molecules and clarified that the proton release starts at ∼250 μs. In the ubiquitous proton diffusion in the EC medium, the transient proton receptors predicted experimentally were assigned to carboxylates in Glu9 and Glu74. Large-scale QM-MD/MTD simulations beyond the conventional sizes, which provided the above findings and confirmations, were possible by adopting our Dcdftbmd program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Nakai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.,Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE), Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, 1-30 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Takemura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Junichi Ono
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE), Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, 1-30 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishimura
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE), Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hisama K, Orimoto Y, Pomogaeva A, Nakatani K, Aoki Y. Ab initio multi-level layered elongation method and its application to local interaction analysis between DNA bulge and ligand molecules. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:044110. [PMID: 34340364 DOI: 10.1063/5.0050096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A multi-level layered elongation method was developed for efficiently analyzing the electronic states of local structures in large bio/nano-systems at the full ab initio level of theory. The original elongation method developed during the last three decades in our group has focused on the system in one direction from one terminal to the other terminal to sequentially construct the electronic states of a polymer, called a theoretical synthesis of polymers. In this study, an important region termed the central (C) part is targeted in a large polymer and the remainder are terminal (T) parts. The electronic structures along with polymer elongation are calculated repeatedly from both end T parts to the C central part at the same time. The important C part is treated with large basis sets (high level) and the other regions are treated with small basis sets (low level) in the ab initio theoretical framework. The electronic structures besides the C part can be reused for other systems with different structures at the C part, which renders the method computationally efficient. This multi-level layered elongation method was applied to the investigation on DNA single bulge recognition of small molecules (ligands). The reliability and validity of our approach were examined in comparison with the results obtained by direct calculations using a conventional quantum chemical method for the entire system. Furthermore, stabilization energies by the formation of the complex of bulge DNA and a ligand were estimated with basis set superposition error corrections incorporated into the elongation method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Hisama
- Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences, Chemistry and Materials Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Park, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Yuuichi Orimoto
- Department of Material Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Park, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Anna Pomogaeva
- Department of Material Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Park, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakatani
- Department of Regulatory Bioorganic Chemistry, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yuriko Aoki
- Department of Material Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Park, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nakai H. Development of Linear-Scaling Relativistic Quantum Chemistry Covering the Periodic Table. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Nakai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE), Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sakti AW, Chou CP, Nishimura Y, Nakai H. Is Oxygen Diffusion Faster in Bulk CeO2 or on a (111)-CeO2 Surface? A Theoretical Study. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Wibawa Sakti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Computer, Universitas Pertamina, Jakarta 12220, Indonesia
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE), Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Chien-Pin Chou
- JSR Coorporation Yokkaichi Research Center, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-8552, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishimura
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE), Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE), Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Element Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Uratani H, Yoshikawa T, Nakai H. Trajectory Surface Hopping Approach to Condensed-Phase Nonradiative Relaxation Dynamics Using Divide-and-Conquer Spin-Flip Time-Dependent Density-Functional Tight Binding. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:1290-1300. [PMID: 33577323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonradiative relaxation of excited molecules is central to many crucial issues in photochemistry. Condensed phases are typical contexts in which such problems are considered, and the nonradiative relaxation dynamics are expected to be significantly affected by interactions with the environment, for example, a solvent. We developed a nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulation technique that can treat the nonradiative relaxation and explicitly include the environment in the calculations without a heavy computational burden. Specifically, we combined trajectory surface hopping with Tully's fewest-switches algorithm, a tight-binding approximated version of spin-flip time-dependent density-functional theory, and divide-and-conquer (DC) spatial fragmentation scheme. Numerical results showed that this method can treat systems with thousands of atoms within reasonable computational resources, and the error arising from DC fragmentation is negligibly small. Using this method, we obtained molecular insights into the solvent dependence of the photoexcited-state dynamics of trans-azobenzene, which demonstrate the importance of the environment for condensed-phase nonradiative relaxation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Uratani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.,Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE), 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.,Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE), 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Computational methods for modeling biochemical processes implemented in GAMESS package are reviewed; in particular, quantum mechanics combined with molecular mechanics (QM/MM), semi-empirical, and fragmentation approaches. A detailed summary of capabilities is provided for the QM/MM implementation in QuanPol program and the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method. Molecular modeling and visualization packages useful for biochemical simulations with GAMESS are described. GAMESS capabilities with corresponding references are tabulated for reader's convenience.
Collapse
|
13
|
KOBAYASHI M, FUJIMORI T, TAKETSUGU T. Automatic Determination of Buffer Region in Divide-anc-Conquer Quantum Chemical Calculations. JOURNAL OF COMPUTER CHEMISTRY-JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.2477/jccj.2021-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato KOBAYASHI
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Toshikazu FUJIMORI
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8,Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tetsuya TAKETSUGU
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Uratani H, Nakai H. Non-adiabatic molecular dynamics with divide-and-conquer type large-scale excited-state calculations. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:224109. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0006831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Uratani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE), 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sakti A, Chou CP, Nakai H. Density-Functional Tight-Binding Study of Carbonaceous Species Diffusion on the (100)-γ-Al 2O 3 Surface. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:6862-6871. [PMID: 32258922 PMCID: PMC7114690 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbonaceous or oxy-carbon species are intermediates formed during C x H y combustion on a Pt n /Al2O3 catalyst, which contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. The accumulation of the carbonaceous species, arguably, leads to catalytic deactivation; therefore, their removal is of importance. As the diffusion process is occasionally the rate-determining step in the growth of carbonaceous species, the present study aims to reveal the diffusion mechanisms. The free energy barriers of acetate, formate, and methoxy diffusion on the (100)-γ-Al2O3 surface were evaluated through extensive metadynamics simulations at the density-functional tight-binding level. The present work deduces that each adopted carbonaceous species exhibits different diffusion mechanisms and supports experimental evidence that the acetate species exhibits the slowest diffusivity among the adopted carbonaceous species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya
W. Sakti
- Element
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
- Waseda
Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE), Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Chien-Pin Chou
- Waseda
Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE), Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Element
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
- Waseda
Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE), Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- E-mail: . Phone: +81 3-5286-3452. Fax: +81 3-3205-2504
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Uratani H, Chou CP, Nakai H. Quantum mechanical molecular dynamics simulations of polaron formation in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:97-106. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04739e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polaron formation in a halide perovskite is analyzed via nanometre-scale quantum mechanical molecular dynamics simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Uratani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering
- Waseda University
- Shinjuku-ku
- Japan
| | - Chien-Pin Chou
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE)
- Tokyo 169-8555
- Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering
- Waseda University
- Shinjuku-ku
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fedorov DG. Solvent Screening in Zwitterions Analyzed with the Fragment Molecular Orbital Method. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:5404-5416. [PMID: 31461277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Based on induced solvent charges, a new model of solvent screening is developed in the framework of the fragment molecular orbital combined with the polarizable continuum model. The developed model is applied to analyze interactions in a prototypical zwitterionic system, sodium chloride in water, and it is shown that the large underestimation of the interaction in the original solvent screening based on local charges is successfully corrected. The model is also applied to a complex of the Trp-cage (PDB: 1L2Y ) miniprotein with an anionic ligand, and the physical factors determined protein-ligand binding in solution are unraveled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri G Fedorov
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat) , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1 , Tsukuba 305-8568 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fedorov DG, Brekhov A, Mironov V, Alexeev Y. Molecular Electrostatic Potential and Electron Density of Large Systems in Solution Computed with the Fragment Molecular Orbital Method. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:6281-6290. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri G. Fedorov
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Anton Brekhov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Mironov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri Alexeev
- Argonne Leadership Computing Facility and Computational Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, 60439, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nishimura Y, Nakai H. D
cdftbmd
: Divide‐and‐Conquer Density Functional Tight‐Binding Program for Huge‐System Quantum Mechanical Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:1538-1549. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Nishimura
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3‐4‐1 Okubo, Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo 169‐8555 Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3‐4‐1 Okubo, Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo 169‐8555 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistrySchool of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3‐4‐1 Okubo, Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo 169‐8555 Japan
- ESICB, Kyoto University Kyotodaigaku‐Katsura, Kyoto 615‐8520 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fiedler B, Himmel D, Krossing I, Friedrich J. More Stable Template Localization for an Incremental Focal-Point Approach—Implementation and Application to the Intramolecular Decomposition of Tris-perfluoro- tert-butoxyalane. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:557-571. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fiedler
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Daniel Himmel
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Friedrich
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kobayashi M, Fujimori T, Taketsugu T. Automated error control in divide-and-conquer self-consistent field calculations. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:909-916. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
- ESICB, Kyoto University; Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency; Kawaguchi 332-0012 Japan
| | - Toshikazu Fujimori
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
- ESICB, Kyoto University; Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sakti AW, Nishimura Y, Nakai H. Rigorous pKa Estimation of Amine Species Using Density-Functional Tight-Binding-Based Metadynamics Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 14:351-356. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Wibawa Sakti
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishimura
- Research
Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Research
Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Core
Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fiedler B, Schmitz G, Hättig C, Friedrich J. Combining Accuracy and Efficiency: An Incremental Focal-Point Method Based on Pair Natural Orbitals. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:6023-6042. [PMID: 29045786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a new pair natural orbitals (PNO)-based incremental scheme to calculate CCSD(T) and CCSD(T0) reaction, interaction, and binding energies. We perform an extensive analysis, which shows small incremental errors similar to previous non-PNO calculations. Furthermore, slight PNO errors are obtained by using TPNO = TTNO with appropriate values of 10-7 to 10-8 for reactions and 10-8 for interaction or binding energies. The combination with the efficient MP2 focal-point approach yields chemical accuracy relative to the complete basis-set (CBS) limit. In this method, small basis sets (cc-pVDZ, def2-TZVP) for the CCSD(T) part are sufficient in case of reactions or interactions, while some larger ones (e.g., (aug)-cc-pVTZ) are necessary for molecular clusters. For these larger basis sets, we show the very high efficiency of our scheme. We obtain not only tremendous decreases of the wall times (i.e., factors >102) due to the parallelization of the increment calculations as well as of the total times due to the application of PNOs (i.e., compared to the normal incremental scheme) but also smaller total times with respect to the standard PNO method. That way, our new method features a perfect applicability by combining an excellent accuracy with a very high efficiency as well as the accessibility to larger systems due to the separation of the full computation into several small increments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fiedler
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz , 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schmitz
- Institut for Kemi, Aarhus Universitet , 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christof Hättig
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum , 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Joachim Friedrich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz , 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nishimura Y, Nakai H. Parallel implementation of efficient charge-charge interaction evaluation scheme in periodic divide-and-conquer density-functional tight-binding calculations. J Comput Chem 2017; 39:105-116. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Nishimura
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku; Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku; Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering; Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku; Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho; Kawaguchi 332-0012 Japan
- ESICB, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-Katsura; Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fedorov DG. The fragment molecular orbital method: theoretical development, implementation in
GAMESS
, and applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri G. Fedorov
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD‐FMat)National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li H, Liu W, Suo B. Localization of open-shell molecular orbitals via least change from fragments to molecule. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:104104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4977929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and Center for Computational Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjian Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and Center for Computational Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Suo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shimazaki T, Kitaura K, Fedorov DG, Nakajima T. Group molecular orbital approach to solve the Huzinaga subsystem self-consistent-field equations. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:084109. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4976646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Shimazaki
- Advanced Institute for Computational Science (AICS), RIKEN, 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitaura
- Advanced Institute for Computational Science (AICS), RIKEN, 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishihiraki-cho 34-4, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Dmitri G. Fedorov
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Takahito Nakajima
- Advanced Institute for Computational Science (AICS), RIKEN, 7-1-26 Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kobayashi M, Taketsugu T. Divide-and-Conquer Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov Method and Its Application to Conjugated Diradical Systems. CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.160699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
29
|
Fiedler B, Coriani S, Friedrich J. Molecular Dipole Moments within the Incremental Scheme Using the Domain-Specific Basis-Set Approach. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:3040-52. [PMID: 27300371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We present the first implementation of the fully automated incremental scheme for CCSD unrelaxed dipole moments using the domain-specific basis-set approach. Truncation parameters are varied, and the accuracy of the method is statistically analyzed for a test set of 20 molecules. The local approximations introduce small errors at second order and negligible ones at third order. For a third-order incremental CCSD expansion with a CC2 error correction, a cc-pVDZ/SV domain-specific basis set (tmain = 3.5 Bohr), and the truncation parameter f = 30 Bohr, we obtain a mean error of 0.00 mau (-0.20 mau) and a standard deviation of 1.95 mau (2.17 mau) for the total dipole moments (Cartesian components of the dipole vectors). By analyzing incremental CCSD energies, we demonstrate that the MP2 and CC2 error correction schemes are an exclusive correction for the domain-specific basis-set error. Our implementation of the incremental scheme provides fully automated computations of highly accurate dipole moments at reduced computational cost and is fully parallelized in terms of the calculation of the increments. Therefore, one can utilize the incremental scheme, on the same hardware, to extend the basis set in comparison to standard CCSD and thus obtain a better total accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fiedler
- Institute for Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz , Straße der Nationen 62, D-09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Sonia Coriani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.,Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University , Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Joachim Friedrich
- Institute for Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz , Straße der Nationen 62, D-09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nishizawa H, Nishimura Y, Kobayashi M, Irle S, Nakai H. Three pillars for achieving quantum mechanical molecular dynamics simulations of huge systems: Divide-and-conquer, density-functional tight-binding, and massively parallel computation. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:1983-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Nishizawa
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science; Institute for Molecular Science; Okazaki 444-8585 Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishimura
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science; Institute for Molecular Science; Okazaki 444-8585 Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering; Waseda University; Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Masato Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
- ESICB, Kyoto University; Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency; Kawaguchi 332-0012 Japan
| | - Stephan Irle
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, and Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering; Waseda University; Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- ESICB, Kyoto University; Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering; Waseda University; Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency; Kawaguchi 332-0012 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Green MC, Nakata H, Fedorov DG, Slipchenko LV. Radical damage in lipids investigated with the fragment molecular orbital method. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
32
|
Fedorov DG, Kitaura K. Subsystem Analysis for the Fragment Molecular Orbital Method and Its Application to Protein-Ligand Binding in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:2218-31. [PMID: 26949816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A subsystem analysis is derived incorporating interfragment interactions into the fragment properties, such as energies or charges. The relative stabilities of three alanine isomers, the α-helix, the β-turn, and the extended form are studied and the differences in fragment properties are elucidated. The analysis is further elaborated for studies of binding energies. The binding of the Trp-cage protein (PDB: 1L2Y ) to two ligands is studied in detail. Binding energies defined for each fragment can be used as a convenient descriptor for analyzing contributions to binding in solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri G Fedorov
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitaura
- Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
NAKAJIMA Y, SEINO J, SCHMIDT MW, NAKAI H. Implementation of Efficient Two-component Relativistic Method Using Local Unitary Transformation to GAMESS Program. JOURNAL OF COMPUTER CHEMISTRY-JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.2477/jccj.2016-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya NAKAJIMA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Junji SEINO
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Michael W. SCHMIDT
- Department of Chemistry and Ames Laboratory USDOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Hiromi NAKAI
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nishimoto Y, Fedorov DG. The fragment molecular orbital method combined with density-functional tight-binding and the polarizable continuum model. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:22047-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02186g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electronic gap in proteins is analyzed in detail, and it is shown that FMO-DFTB/PCM is efficient and accurate in describing the molecular structure of proteins in solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Nishimoto
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103
- Japan
| | - Dmitri G. Fedorov
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat)
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Anacker T, Tew DP, Friedrich J. First UHF Implementation of the Incremental Scheme for Open-Shell Systems. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 12:65-78. [PMID: 26605975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The incremental scheme makes it possible to compute CCSD(T) correlation energies to high accuracy for large systems. We present the first extension of this fully automated black-box approach to open-shell systems using an Unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) wave function, extending the efficient domain-specific basis set approach to handle open-shell references. We test our approach on a set of organic and metal organic structures and molecular clusters and demonstrate standard deviations from canonical CCSD(T) values of only 1.35 kJ/mol using a triple ζ basis set. We find that the incremental scheme is significantly more cost-effective than the canonical implementation even for relatively small systems and that the ease of parallelization makes it possible to perform high-level calculations on large systems in a few hours on inexpensive computers. We show that the approximations that make our approach widely applicable are significantly smaller than both the basis set incompleteness error and the intrinsic error of the CCSD(T) method, and we further demonstrate that incremental energies can be reliably used in extrapolation schemes to obtain near complete basis set limit CCSD(T) reaction energies for large systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tony Anacker
- Institute for Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology , Straße der Nationen 62, D-09111 Chemnitz, Sachsen, Germany
| | - David P Tew
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Friedrich
- Institute for Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology , Straße der Nationen 62, D-09111 Chemnitz, Sachsen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation (MP2) theory at finite temperature: relation with Surján’s density matrix MP2 and its application to linear-scaling divide-and-conquer method. Theor Chem Acc 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-015-1710-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
37
|
Shrestha K, Jakubikova E. Ground-State Electronic Structure of RC-LH1 and LH2 Pigment Assemblies of Purple Bacteria via the EBF-MO Method. J Phys Chem A 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b05644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Elena Jakubikova
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shoji M, Kayanuma M, Umeda H, Shigeta Y. Performance of the divide-and-conquer approach used as an initial guess. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
39
|
Extension of the fragment molecular orbital method to treat large open-shell systems in solution. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
40
|
Tanaka S, Mochizuki Y, Komeiji Y, Okiyama Y, Fukuzawa K. Electron-correlated fragment-molecular-orbital calculations for biomolecular and nano systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:10310-44. [PMID: 24740821 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00316k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method for theoretical formulation, implementation, and application to nano and biomolecular systems are reviewed. The FMO method has enabled ab initio quantum-mechanical calculations for large molecular systems such as protein-ligand complexes at a reasonable computational cost in a parallelized way. There have been a wealth of application outcomes from the FMO method in the fields of biochemistry, medicinal chemistry and nanotechnology, in which the electron correlation effects play vital roles. With the aid of the advances in high-performance computing, the FMO method promises larger, faster, and more accurate simulations of biomolecular and related systems, including the descriptions of dynamical behaviors in solvent environments. The current status and future prospects of the FMO scheme are addressed in these contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigenori Tanaka
- Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Vogiatzis KD, Klopper W, Friedrich J. Non-covalent Interactions of CO2 with Functional Groups of Metal–Organic Frameworks from a CCSD(T) Scheme Applicable to Large Systems. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 11:1574-84. [DOI: 10.1021/ct5011888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos D. Vogiatzis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg
2, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg
2, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Joachim Friedrich
- Institute
of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Strasse der Nationen 62, D-09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Friedrich J, McAlexander HR, Kumar A, Crawford TD. Incremental evaluation of coupled cluster dipole polarizabilities. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:14284-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05076b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work we present the first implementation of the incremental scheme for coupled cluster linear-response frequency-dependent dipole polarizabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Friedrich
- Institute for Chemistry
- Chemnitz University of Technology
- 09111 Chemnitz
- Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang LW. Divide-and-conquer quantum mechanical material simulations with exascale supercomputers. Natl Sci Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwu060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Recent developments in large-scale materials science simulations, especially under the divide-and-conquer method, are reviewed. The pros and cons of the divide-and-conquer method are discussed. It is argued that the divide-and-conquer method, such as the linear-scaling 3D fragment method, is an ideal approach to take advantage of the heterogeneous architectures of modern-day supercomputers despite their relatively large prefactors among linear-scaling methods. Some developments in graphics processing unit (GPU) electronic structure calculations are also reviewed. The accelerators like GPU could be an essential part for the future exascale supercomputing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Wang Wang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Mail Stop 66, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Brorsen KR, Zahariev F, Nakata H, Fedorov DG, Gordon MS. Analytic Gradient for Density Functional Theory Based on the Fragment Molecular Orbital Method. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:5297-307. [DOI: 10.1021/ct500808p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt R. Brorsen
- Ames
Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy (US-DOE), Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Federico Zahariev
- Ames
Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy (US-DOE), Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Hiroya Nakata
- Department
of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Kanagawa, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
- Nakamura
Laboratory, RIKEN Research Cluster for Innovation, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Japan Society
for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi
Business Center Building, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Dmitri G. Fedorov
- NRI, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Mark S. Gordon
- Ames
Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy (US-DOE), Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nakata H, Schmidt MW, Fedorov DG, Kitaura K, Nakamura S, Gordon MS. Efficient Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Multiple Radical Center Systems Based on the Fragment Molecular Orbital Method. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:9762-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jp507726m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Nakata
- Department
of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
- Research Cluster
for Innovation, Nakamura Lab, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Kojimachi Business
Center Building, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Michael W. Schmidt
- Department
of Chemistry and Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Dmitri G. Fedorov
- NRI, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitaura
- Graduate
School of System Informatics, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakamura
- Research Cluster
for Innovation, Nakamura Lab, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mark S. Gordon
- Department
of Chemistry and Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fedorov DG, Asada N, Nakanishi I, Kitaura K. The use of many-body expansions and geometry optimizations in fragment-based methods. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:2846-56. [PMID: 25144610 DOI: 10.1021/ar500224r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conspectus Chemists routinely work with complex molecular systems: solutions, biochemical molecules, and amorphous and composite materials provide some typical examples. The questions one often asks are what are the driving forces for a chemical phenomenon? How reasonable are our views of chemical systems in terms of subunits, such as functional groups and individual molecules? How can one quantify the difference in physicochemical properties of functional units found in a different chemical environment? Are various effects on functional units in molecular systems additive? Can they be represented by pairwise potentials? Are there effects that cannot be represented in a simple picture of pairwise interactions? How can we obtain quantitative values for these effects? Many of these questions can be formulated in the language of many-body effects. They quantify the properties of subunits (fragments), referred to as one-body properties, pairwise interactions (two-body properties), couplings of two-body interactions described by three-body properties, and so on. By introducing the notion of fragments in the framework of quantum chemistry, one obtains two immense benefits: (a) chemists can finally relate to quantum chemistry, which now speaks their language, by discussing chemically interesting subunits and their interactions and (b) calculations become much faster due to a reduced computational scaling. For instance, the somewhat academic sounding question of the importance of three-body effects in water clusters is actually another way of asking how two hydrogen bonds affect each other, when they involve three water molecules. One aspect of this is the many-body charge transfer (CT), because the charge transfers in the two hydrogen bonds are coupled to each other (not independent). In this work, we provide a generalized view on the use of many-body expansions in fragment-based methods, focusing on the general aspects of the property expansion and a contraction of a many-body expansion in a formally two-body series, as exemplified in the development of the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method. Fragment-based methods have been very successful in delivering the properties of fragments, as well as the fragment interactions, providing insights into complex chemical processes in large molecular systems. We briefly review geometry optimizations performed with fragment-based methods and present an efficient geometry optimization method based on the combination of FMO with molecular mechanics (MM), applied to the complex of a subunit of protein kinase 2 (CK2) with a ligand. FMO results are discussed in comparison with experimental and MM-optimized structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri G. Fedorov
- NRI, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Naoya Asada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Isao Nakanishi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1,
Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitaura
- Graduate
School of System Informatics, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Alexeev Y, Fedorov DG, Shvartsburg AA. Effective Ion Mobility Calculations for Macromolecules by Scattering on Electron Clouds. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:6763-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jp505012c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Alexeev
- Argonne
Leadership Computing Facility, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Dmitri G. Fedorov
- Nanosystem
Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Alexandre A. Shvartsburg
- Biological
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hayami M, Seino J, Nakai H. Extension of accompanying coordinate expansion and recurrence relation method for general-contraction basis sets. J Comput Chem 2014; 35:1517-27. [PMID: 24889356 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An algorithm of the accompanying coordinate expansion and recurrence relation (ACE-RR), which is used for the rapid evaluation of the electron repulsion integral (ERI), has been extended to the general-contraction (GC) scheme. The present algorithm, denoted by GC-ACE-RR, is designed for molecular calculations including heavy elements, whose orbitals consist of many primitive functions with and without higher angular momentum such as d- and f-orbitals. The performance of GC-ACE-RR was assessed for (ss|ss)-, (pp|pp)-, (dd|dd)-, and (ff|ff)-type ERIs in terms of contraction length and the number of GC orbitals. The present algorithm was found to reduce the central processing unit time compared with the ACE-RR algorithm, especially for higher angular momentum and highly contracted orbitals. Compared with HONDOPLUS and GAMESS program packages, GC-ACE-RR computations for ERIs of three-dimensional gold clusters Aun (n = 1, 2, …, 10, 15, 20, and 25) are more than 10 times faster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masao Hayami
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nakata H, Fedorov DG, Yokojima S, Kitaura K, Nakamura S. Derivatives of the approximated electrostatic potentials in unrestricted Hartree–Fock based on the fragment molecular orbital method and an application to polymer radicals. Theor Chem Acc 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-014-1477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|