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Nawagamuwage SU, Williams ES, Islam MM, Parshin IV, Burin AL, Busschaert N, Rubtsov IV. Ballistic Energy Transport via Long Alkyl Chains: A New Initiation Mechanism. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:8788-8796. [PMID: 39219091 PMCID: PMC11403685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c03386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In an effort to increase the speed and efficiency of ballistic energy transport via oligomeric chains, we performed measurements of the transport in compounds featuring long alkyl chains of up to 37 methylene units. Compounds of the N3-(CH2)n-COOMe type (denoted as aznME) were synthesized with n = 5, 10, 15, 19, 28, 37 and studied using relaxation-assisted two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy. The speed of the ballistic transport, initiated by the N3 tag excitation, increased ca. 3-fold for the longer chains (n = 19-37) compared to the shorter chains, from 14.7 to 48 Å/ps, in line with an earlier prediction (Nawagamuwage et al. 2021, J. Phys. Chem. B, 125, 7546). Modeling, based on solving numerically the Liouville equation, was capable of reproducing the experimental data only if three wavepackets are included, involving CH2 twisting (Tw), wagging (W), and rocking (Ro) chain bands. The approaches for designing molecular systems featuring a higher speed and efficiency of energy transport are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elliot S Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Md Muhaiminul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Igor V Parshin
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Alexander L Burin
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Nathalie Busschaert
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Igor V Rubtsov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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2
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Hassani M, Mallon CJ, Monzy JN, Schmitz AJ, Brewer SH, Fenlon EE, Tucker MJ. Inhibition of vibrational energy flow within an aromatic scaffold via heavy atom effect. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:224201. [PMID: 37309893 PMCID: PMC10275622 DOI: 10.1063/5.0153760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) to influence energy flow within molecular scaffolds provides a way to steer fundamental processes of chemistry, such as chemical reactivity in proteins and design of molecular diodes. Using two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy, changes in the intensity of vibrational cross-peaks are often used to evaluate different energy transfer pathways present in small molecules. Previous 2D IR studies of para-azidobenzonitrile (PAB) demonstrated that several possible energy pathways from the N3 to the cyano-vibrational reporters were modulated by Fermi resonance, followed by energy relaxation into the solvent [Schmitz et al., J. Phys. Chem. A 123, 10571 (2019)]. In this work, the mechanisms of IVR were hindered via the introduction of a heavy atom, selenium, into the molecular scaffold. This effectively eliminated the energy transfer pathway and resulted in the dissipation of the energy into the bath and direct dipole-dipole coupling between the two vibrational reporters. Several structural variations of the aforementioned molecular scaffold were employed to assess how each interrupted the energy transfer pathways, and the evolution of 2D IR cross-peaks was measured to assess the changes in the energy flow. By eliminating the energy transfer pathways through isolation of specific vibrational transitions, through-space vibrational coupling between an azido (N3) and a selenocyanato (SeCN) probe is facilitated and observed for the first time. Thus, the rectification of this molecular circuitry is accomplished through the inhibition of energy flow using heavy atoms to suppress the anharmonic coupling and, instead, favor a vibrational coupling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Hassani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | | | - Judith N. Monzy
- Department of Chemistry, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604-3003, USA
| | - Andrew J. Schmitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Scott H. Brewer
- Department of Chemistry, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604-3003, USA
| | - Edward E. Fenlon
- Department of Chemistry, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604-3003, USA
| | - Matthew J. Tucker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
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3
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Mizutani Y, Mizuno M. Time-resolved spectroscopic mapping of vibrational energy flow in proteins: Understanding thermal diffusion at the nanoscale. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:240901. [PMID: 36586981 DOI: 10.1063/5.0116734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrational energy exchange between various degrees of freedom is critical to barrier-crossing processes in proteins. Hemeproteins are well suited for studying vibrational energy exchange in proteins because the heme group is an efficient photothermal converter. The released energy by heme following photoexcitation shows migration in a protein moiety on a picosecond timescale, which is observed using time-resolved ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy. The anti-Stokes ultraviolet resonance Raman intensity of a tryptophan residue is an excellent probe for the vibrational energy in proteins, allowing the mapping of energy flow with the spatial resolution of a single amino acid residue. This Perspective provides an overview of studies on vibrational energy flow in proteins, including future perspectives for both methodologies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Mizutani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Misao Mizuno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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4
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Leong TX, Qasim LN, Mackin RT, Du Y, Pascal RA, Rubtsov IV. Unidirectional coherent energy transport via conjugated oligo(p-phenylene) chains. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:134304. [PMID: 33832250 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We discovered a way to funnel high-frequency vibrational quanta rapidly and unidirectionally over large distances using oligo(p-phenylene) chains. After mid-IR photon photoexcitation of a -COOH end group, the excess energy is injected efficiently into the chain, forming vibrational wavepackets that propagate freely along the chain. The transport delivers high-energy vibrational quanta with a range of transport speeds reaching 8.6 km/s, which exceeds the speed of sound in common metals (∼5 km/s) and polymers (∼2 km/s). Efficiencies of energy injection into the chain and transport along the chain are found to be very high and dependent on the extent of conjugation across the structure. By tuning the degree of conjugation via electronic doping of the chain, the transport speed and efficiency can be controlled. The study opens avenues for developing materials with controllable energy transport properties for heat management, schemes with efficient energy delivery to hard-to-reach regions, including transport against thermal gradients, and ways for initiating chemical reactions remotely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy X Leong
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Layla N Qasim
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Robert T Mackin
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Yuchen Du
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Robert A Pascal
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Igor V Rubtsov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
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5
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Rubtsova NI, Lin Z, Mackin RT, Rubtsov IV. How Intramolecular Vibrational Energy Transport Changes with Rigidity and Polarity of the Environment? HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143920060120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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6
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Mackin RT, Leong TX, Rubtsova NI, Burin AL, Rubtsov IV. Low-Temperature Vibrational Energy Transport via PEG Chains. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4578-4583. [PMID: 32437615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We used relaxation-assisted two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy to study the temperature dependence (10-295 K) of end-to-end energy transport across end-decorated PEG oligomers of various chain lengths. The excess energy was introduced by exciting the azido end-group stretching mode at 2100 cm-1 (tag); the transport was recorded by observing the asymmetric C═O stretching mode of the succinimide ester end group at 1740 cm-1. The overall transport involves diffusive steps at the end groups and a ballistic step through the PEG chain. We found that at lower temperatures the through-chain energy transport became faster, while the end-group diffusive transport time and the tag lifetime increase. The modeling of the transport using a quantum Liouville equation linked the observations to the reduction of decoherence rate and an increase of the mean-free-path for the vibrational wavepacket. The energy transport at the end groups slowed down at low temperatures due to the decreased number and efficiency of the anharmonic energy redistribution pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Mackin
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Tammy X Leong
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Natalia I Rubtsova
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Alexander L Burin
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Igor V Rubtsov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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Schmitz AJ, Pandey HD, Chalyavi F, Shi T, Fenlon EE, Brewer SH, Leitner DM, Tucker MJ. Tuning Molecular Vibrational Energy Flow within an Aromatic Scaffold via Anharmonic Coupling. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10571-10581. [PMID: 31735035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b08010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
From guiding chemical reactivity in synthesis or protein folding to the design of energy diodes, intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution harnesses the power to influence the underlying fundamental principles of chemistry. To evaluate the ability to steer these processes, the mechanism and time scales of intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution through aromatic molecular scaffolds have been assessed by utilizing two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy. 2D IR cross peaks reveal energy relaxation through an aromatic scaffold from the azido- to the cyano-vibrational reporters in para-azidobenzonitrile (PAB) and para-(azidomethyl)benzonitrile (PAMB) prior to energy relaxation into the solvent. The rates of energy transfer are modulated by Fermi resonances, which are apparent by the coupling cross peaks identified within the 2D IR spectrum. Theoretical vibrational mode analysis allowed the determination of the origins of the energy flow, the transfer pathway, and a direct comparison of the associated transfer rates, which were in good agreement with the experimental results. Large variations in energy-transfer rates, approximately 1.9 ps for PAB and 23 ps for PAMB, illustrate the importance of strong anharmonic coupling, i.e., Fermi resonance, on the transfer pathways. In particular, vibrational energy rectification is altered by Fermi resonances of the cyano- and azido-modes allowing control of the propensity for energy flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Schmitz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nevada , Reno , Nevada 89557 , United States
| | - Hari Datt Pandey
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Farzaneh Chalyavi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nevada , Reno , Nevada 89557 , United States
| | - Tianjiao Shi
- Department of Chemistry , Franklin & Marshall College , Lancaster , Pennsylvania 17604-3003 , United States
| | - Edward E Fenlon
- Department of Chemistry , Franklin & Marshall College , Lancaster , Pennsylvania 17604-3003 , United States
| | - Scott H Brewer
- Department of Chemistry , Franklin & Marshall College , Lancaster , Pennsylvania 17604-3003 , United States
| | - David M Leitner
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nevada , Reno , Nevada 89557 , United States
| | - Matthew J Tucker
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nevada , Reno , Nevada 89557 , United States
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Rubtsov IV, Burin AL. Ballistic and diffusive vibrational energy transport in molecules. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:020901. [PMID: 30646721 DOI: 10.1063/1.5055670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy transport in molecules is essential for many areas of science and technology. Strong covalent bonds of a molecular backbone can facilitate the involvement of the molecule's high-frequency modes in energy transport, which, under certain conditions, makes the transport fast and efficient. We discuss such conditions and describe various transport regimes in molecules, including ballistic, diffusive, directed diffusion, and intermediate regime cases, in light of recently developed experimental and theoretical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Rubtsov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Alexander L Burin
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
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9
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Pandey HD, Leitner DM. Small Saccharides as a Blanket around Proteins: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:7277-7285. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b04632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hari Datt Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - David M. Leitner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
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10
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Jex M, Menšík M, Toman P, Pfleger J. Discrete dissociation model of photogenerated inter-chain charge transfer states in external electric field. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0449-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Pandey HD, Leitner DM. Influence of thermalization on thermal conduction through molecular junctions: Computational study of PEG oligomers. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:084701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4999411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hari Datt Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Physics Program, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - David M. Leitner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Physics Program, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
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12
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Wright JC. Applications of the New Family of Coherent Multidimensional Spectroscopies for Analytical Chemistry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2017; 10:45-70. [PMID: 28375700 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061516-045349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new family of vibrational and electronic spectroscopies has emerged, comprising the coherent analogs of traditional analytical methods. These methods are also analogs of coherent multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This new family is based on creating the same quantum mechanical superposition states called multiple quantum coherences (MQCs). NMR MQCs are mixtures of nuclear spin states that retain their quantum mechanical phase information for milliseconds. The MQCs in this new family are mixtures of vibrational and electronic states that retain their phases for picoseconds or shorter times. Ultrafast, high-intensity coherent beams rapidly excite multiple states. The excited MQCs then emit bright beams while they retain their phases. Time-domain methods measure the frequencies of the MQCs by resolving their phase oscillations, whereas frequency-domain methods measure the resonance enhancements of the output beam while scanning the excitation frequencies. The resulting spectra provide multidimensional spectral signatures that increase the spectroscopic selectivity required for analyzing complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;
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13
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Kurnosov AA, Rubtsov IV, Maksymov AO, Burin AL. Electronic torsional sound in linear atomic chains: Chemical energy transport at 1000 km/s. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:034903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4958726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arkady A. Kurnosov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Igor V. Rubtsov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Andrii O. Maksymov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Alexander L. Burin
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
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14
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Chuntonov L. 2D-IR spectroscopy of hydrogen-bond-mediated vibrational excitation transfer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:13852-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01640e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Inter-molecular vibrational energy transfer in the hydrogen-bonded complexes of methyl acetate and 4-cyanophenol is studied by dual-frequency 2D-IR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Chuntonov
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Solid State Institute
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 32000
- Israel
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15
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Lukin L. Initial spatial distribution of geminate charge carriers photogenerated in doped conjugated polymers. Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Rubtsova NI, Qasim LN, Kurnosov AA, Burin AL, Rubtsov IV. Ballistic Energy Transport in Oligomers. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:2547-55. [PMID: 26305731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of nanocomposite materials with desired heat management properties, including nanowires, layered semiconductor structures, and self-assembled monolayer (SAM) junctions, attracts broad interest. Such materials often involve polymeric/oligomeric components and can feature high or low thermal conductivity, depending on their design. For example, in SAM junctions made of alkane chains sandwiched between metal layers, the thermal conductivity can be very low, whereas the fibers of ordered polyethylene chains feature high thermal conductivity, exceeding that of many pure metals. The thermal conductivity of nanostructured materials is determined by the energy transport between and within each component of the material, which all need to be understood for optimizing the properties. For example, in the SAM junctions, the energy transport across the metal-chain interface as well as the transport through the chains both determine the overall heat conductivity, however, to separate these contributions is difficult. Recently developed relaxation-assisted two-dimensional infrared (RA 2DIR) spectroscopy is capable of studying energy transport in individual molecules in the time domain. The transport in a molecule is initiated by exciting an IR-active group (a tag); the method records the influence of the excess energy on another mode in the molecule (a reporter). The energy transport time can be measured for different reporters, and the transport speed through the molecule is evaluated. Various molecules were interrogated by RA 2DIR: in molecules without repeating units (disordered), the transport mechanism was expected and found to be diffusive. The transport via an oligomer backbone can potentially be ballistic, as the chain offers delocalized vibrational states. Indeed, the transport regime via three tested types of oligomers, alkanes, polyethyleneglycols, and perfluoroalkanes was found to be ballistic, whereas the transport within the end groups was diffusive. Interestingly, the transport speeds via these chains were different. Moreover, the transport speed was found to be dependent on the vibrational mode initiating the transport. For the difference in the transport speeds to be explained, the chain bands involved in the wavepacket formation were analyzed, and specific optical bands of the chain were identified as the energy transporters. For example, the transport initiated in alkanes by the stretching mode of the azido end group (2100 cm(-1)) occurs predominantly via the CH2 twisting and wagging chain bands, but the transport initiated by the C=O stretching modes of the carboxylic acid or succinimide ester end groups occurs via C-C stretching and CH2 rocking bands of the alkane chain. Direct formation of the wavepacket within the CH2 twisting and wagging chain bands occurs when the transport is initiated by the N═N stretching mode (1270 cm-1) of the azido end-group. The transport via optical chain bands in oligomers involves rather large vibrational quanta (700-1400 cm(-1)), resulting in efficient energy delivery to substantial distances. Achieved quantitative description of various energy transport steps in oligomers, including the specific contributions of different chain bands, can result in a better understanding of the transport steps in nanocomposite materials, including SAM junctions, and lead towards designing systems for molecular electronics with a controllable energy transport speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I. Rubtsova
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Layla N. Qasim
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Arkady A. Kurnosov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Alexander L. Burin
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Igor V. Rubtsov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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Rubtsova NI, Nyby CM, Zhang H, Zhang B, Zhou X, Jayawickramarajah J, Burin AL, Rubtsov IV. Room-temperature ballistic energy transport in molecules with repeating units. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:212412. [PMID: 26049432 DOI: 10.1063/1.4916326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In materials, energy can propagate by means of two limiting regimes: diffusive and ballistic. Ballistic energy transport can be fast and efficient and often occurs with a constant speed. Using two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy methods, we discovered ballistic energy transport via individual polyethylene chains with a remarkably high speed of 1440 m/s and the mean free path length of 14.6 Å in solution at room temperature. Whereas the transport via the chains occurs ballistically, the mechanism switches to diffusive with the effective transport speed of 130 m/s at the end-groups attached to the chains. A unifying model of the transport in molecules is presented with clear time separation and additivity among the transport along oligomeric fragments, which occurs ballistically, and the transport within the disordered fragments, occurring diffusively. The results open new avenues for making novel elements for molecular electronics, including ultrafast energy transporters, controlled chemical reactors, and sub-wavelength quantum nanoseparators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I Rubtsova
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Clara M Nyby
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Boyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | | | - Alexander L Burin
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Igor V Rubtsov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
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18
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Yue Y, Qasim LN, Kurnosov AA, Rubtsova NI, Mackin RT, Zhang H, Zhang B, Zhou X, Jayawickramarajah J, Burin AL, Rubtsov IV. Band-Selective Ballistic Energy Transport in Alkane Oligomers: Toward Controlling the Transport Speed. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:6448-56. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b03658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuankai Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Layla N. Qasim
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Arkady A. Kurnosov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Natalia I. Rubtsova
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Robert T. Mackin
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Boyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | | | - Alexander L. Burin
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Igor V. Rubtsov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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19
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Rubtsova NI, Rubtsov IV. Vibrational energy transport in molecules studied by relaxation-assisted two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2015; 66:717-38. [PMID: 25747112 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040214-121337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review presents an overview of the relaxation-assisted two-dimensional infrared (RA 2DIR) spectroscopy method for measuring structures and energy transport dynamics in molecules. The method strongly enhances the range of accessible distances compared to traditional 2DIR and offers new structural reporters, such as the energy transport time, cross-peak amplification factors, and connectivity patterns. The use of the method for assigning vibrational modes with various levels of delocalization is illustrated. RA 2DIR relies on vibrational energy transport in molecules; as such, the transport mechanism can be conveniently studied by the method. Applications to identify diffusive and ballistic energy transport are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I Rubtsova
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118;
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20
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Abstract
Infrared spectroscopy has played an instrumental role in the study of a wide variety of biological questions. However, in many cases, it is impossible or difficult to rely on the intrinsic vibrational modes of biological molecules of interest, such as proteins, to reveal structural and environmental information in a site-specific manner. To overcome this limitation, investigators have dedicated many recent efforts to the development and application of various extrinsic vibrational probes that can be incorporated into biological molecules and used to site-specifically interrogate their structural or environmental properties. In this review, we highlight recent advancements in this rapidly growing research area.
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21
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Beyond Molecular Conduction: Optical and Thermal Effects in Molecular Junctions. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118959602.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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22
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Rubtsova NI, Kurnosov AA, Burin AL, Rubtsov IV. Temperature dependence of the ballistic energy transport in perfluoroalkanes. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:8381-7. [PMID: 24697782 DOI: 10.1021/jp502062p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Temperature dependence of intramolecular energy transport in perfluoroalkane oligomers with a chain length of 3-11 carbon atoms terminated by a carboxylic acid moiety on one end and a -CF2H group on another end was studied in solution experimentally and theoretically. Experiments were performed using a dual-frequency relaxation-assisted two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy method. The energy transport was initiated by exciting the C═O stretching mode of the acid and recorded by measuring a cross-peak amplitude between the C═O stretching and the C-H bending modes as a function of the waiting time between the excitation and probing. An efficient transport regime with a mean free path of 16.4 ± 2 Å is observed at 35 °C. The energy transport speed decreases at elevated temperatures, indicating a switch from the ballistic transport regime to diffusive. The modeling of the energy transport involving both ballistic and diffusive mechanisms is performed. It explains the temperature dependence of the energy transport speed and confirms a switch of the transport regime from ballistic at lower temperatures to diffusive at higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I Rubtsova
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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